A novel variant in the FLNB gene associated with spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome.

OBJECTIVES: Genetic disorders involved in skeleton system arise due to the disturbance in skeletal development, growth and homeostasis. Filamin B is an actin binding protein which is large dimeric protein which cross link actin cytoskeleton filaments into dynamic structure. A single nucleotide changes in the FLNB gene causes spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome, a rare bone disorder due to which the fusion of carpels and tarsals synostosis occurred along with fused vertebrae. In the current study we investigated a family residing in north-western areas of Pakistan. METHODS: The whole exome sequencing of proband was performed followed by Sanger sequencing of all family members of the subject to validate the variant segregation within the family. Bioinformatics tools were utilized to assess the pathogenicity of the variant. RESULTS: Whole Exome Sequencing revealed a novel variant (NM_001457: c.209C>T and p.Pro70Leu) in the FLNB gene which was homozygous missense mutation in the FLNB gene. The variant was further validated and visualized by Sanger sequencing and protein structure studies respectively as mentioned before. CONCLUSIONS: The findings have highlighted the importance of the molecular diagnosis in SCT (spondylocarpotarsal synostosis syndrome) for genetic risk counselling in consanguineous families.

Minimum wage standard adjustment and employment: Heterogeneity effects on the human capital investment.

Considerable debate has arisen around the potential effects of increasing the minimum wage on employment. This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in China's minimum wage standard on employment. The research utilises the canonical model method and constructs a regression model based on standard labor economics theory. The analysis is conducted using sample data from Chinese industrial enterprises between 2000 and 2007. Regression analysis is performed by categorizing enterprises based on their level of human capital investment. The findings indicate that minimum wage increases have a non-linear impact on employment, when seen from the standpoint of human capital investment. When the level of human capital investment is low, an increase in the minimum wage standard leads to a decrease in employment; when the level of human capital investment is high, an increase in the minimum wage standard leads to an increase in employment. According to the findings, the reason for this is that, investments in human capital can improve business profitability, increase worker marginal productivity, and increase labor demand. Similarly, the employment effect of a change in the minimum wage is positive in regions with high levels of human capital investment due to the externality effect of human capital. Adjustments to the minimum wage have a negative impact on employment in areas of the country with low levels of human capital investment. This demonstrates that changing the minimum wage does not result in a simple increase or decrease in total employment. The level of investment in human capital within the organization and the region is an important factor in determining the type and magnitude of the impact.

Dynamic impact of demographic features, FDI, and technological innovations on ecological footprint: evidence from European emerging economies.

Climate change effect mitigation is a critical priority for top leaders and communities around the globe. Human-induced environmental issues are affecting humankind's standard of living and development potential and the planetary boundaries. Sustainability objectives aim to enhance environmental quality and ensure sustainable development for all by eliminating social inequalities. This study examines the complex relationships between demographic features, foreign direct investment, technological innovation, and ecological footprint, emphasizing the relevance of population aging, population density, and urbanization in this context. The research uses a selection of emerging European economies during 1995-2018. The reasons for countries' selection are related to the increasing rate of population aging in European countries, the attractiveness for foreign direct investment, the economic growth, and the technological advancement potential these emerging countries possess. In order to investigate the long-run relationship between the selected variables, the study tests the cross-section dependence, homogeneity, and cointegration and uses Konya tests to determine panel causality. Based on Konya methodology, differences between countries in the panel are evidenced and discussed accordingly. Our findings confirm the long-run relationship between environment, technological innovation, population aging, and FDI. The results of this research are highly relevant for policymakers in selected countries for identifying the set of correlations and the relevance of various variables in such national economies. Demographic features such as population aging and population density are critical for Europe, and the results show the impact on the ecological footprint.

Multiple Bony Mallet Finger Injuries in One Hand of a 14-Year-Old Boy.

Bony mallet finger injuries, commonly seen as isolated incidents, typically occur in active individuals. We report a rare case of simultaneous avulsion fractures at the distal phalangeal bases of the second, third, and fourth fingers on the right hand of a 14-year-old boy following a forced passive flexion injury during a football game. The patient initially received conservative management with a finger extension splint for the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints. However, one week after the injury, we performed surgical fixation on all affected digits using the K-wire extension block method due to multiple fractures and the patient's intolerance for the mallet finger splint. After six weeks, all K-wires were removed, and physiotherapy sessions began. Three months post-injury, the second and fourth DIP joints demonstrated an "Excellent" outcome, and the third DIP joint demonstrated a "Good" outcome based on Crawford's criteria for outcome assessment of mallet finger injury after management. This case highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate management of concomitant mallet finger injuries in pediatric patients to prevent potential complications that could impair hand function and quality of life.

Dynamic risk spillover effect and path of risk transmission across industrial sectors in China during COVID-19 epidemic.

Understanding the dynamic link between the development of COVID-19 pandemic and industry sector risk spillovers is crucial to explore the underlying mechanisms by which major public health events affect economic systems. This paper applies ElasticNet method proposed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012, 2014) to estimate the dynamic risk spillover indicators of 20 industrial sectors in China from 2016 to 2022, and systematically examines the impact of industry risk network fluctuations and the transmission path caused by COVID-19 shock. The findings reveal that risk spillovers of Chinese industries show a dynamic change of "decline-fluctuation-rebound" with the three phases of COVID-19 epidemic. At the beginning of the epidemic, machinery and equipment, paper and printing, tourism and hotels, media and information services, and agriculture were the exporters of epidemic risk, while materials, transportation equipment, commercial trade, health care, and environmental protection were the importers of epidemic risk; However, as the epidemic developed further, the direction and effect of risk transmission in the industry was reversed. Examining the network characteristics of the pair sectors, we found that under the epidemic shock, the positive risk spillover from tourism and hotels, culture, education and sports to consumer goods, finance, and energy industries was significantly increased, and finance and real estate industries were affected by the risk impact of more industries, while the number of industries affected by information technology and computer industry was significantly reduced. This paper shows that there is inter-industry risk transmission of the COVID-19 epidemic shock, and the risk transmission feeds back in a cycle between industries as the epidemic develops, driving the economy into a vicious circle. The role of the service sector in blocking the spread of negative shocks from the epidemic should be emphasized and brought into play to avoid increasing the overall economic vulnerability. This study will help to deepen the understanding of scholars and policy makers on the network transmission effects of the epidemic.

Dose institutional quality influences the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emissions?

As a result of rapid economic expansion, increased energy use, and urbanization, global warming and climate change have become serious challenges in recent decades. Institutional quality can be the remedy to impede the harmful effect of factors on environmental quality. This study investigates the impact that urbanization and institutional quality on environmental quality in in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries from 2002 to 2019. By using two step generalized method of moment, the findings shows that urbanization leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions and a decline in environmental quality. On the other hand, the square term of urbanization indicates that an increase in urbanization leads to a reduction in emissions at a later stage after reach a certain level. Education, on the other hand, has the reverse impact of increasing carbon emissions; economic growth, foreign direct investment, and government effectiveness all boost carbon emissions. In a similar vein, the interaction between urbanization and the effectiveness of the government is unfavorable, underscoring the transformative role that the effectiveness of the government plays in leading to environmental sustainability. Finally, the findings of this study have considerable policy implication for the sample countries.

Eco-innovations, green growth, and environmental taxes in EU countries: a panel quantile regression approach.

The purpose of this study is to examine how environmental taxation, green growth, and eco-innovations contribute to a more sustainable environment. This study examines the influence of green growth, environmental taxes, and eco-innovations on carbon dioxide emissions in 26 environmentally responsive European Union (EU) countries from 2000 to 2020. The analysis was conducted using the second-generation panel unit root test, cross-sectional dependence, panel cointegration, and panel quantile regression. Theoretical and empirical research has demonstrated that both linear and non-linear green growth strategies are effective in reducing CO2 emissions. There is evidence that CO2 emissions can be reduced through the implementation of environmental taxes, eco-innovations, the use of renewable energy sources, and enhanced energy efficiency. In contrast, economic growth has a positive effect on carbon emissions, and its square term verifies the environmental Kuznets curve. Nevertheless, our research findings provide empirical support for the hypothesis that sustainable development contributes to the maintenance of stringent environmental standards. For the sampled countries, the study's findings have significant policy implications. These results encourage governments to prioritize green growth over traditional economic growth and to encourage eco-innovations in renewable energy technology.

The effect of technological progress and income per capita on carbon dioxide emission: the moderating role of economic freedom.

Climate change in context of environmental issues is pushing most of the countries to set the goals in order to achieve carbon neutrality and sustainable development. The recognition of Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) thirteen (13) is aided by the objective of this study which is to take an urgent action to combat climate change. In this context, this study investigates the effect of technological progress, income, and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emission by taking into consideration the moderating effect of economic freedom in 165 global countries from 2000 to 2020. The study employed ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects (FE), and two-step system generalized method of moments for analysis. The findings reveal that economic freedom, income per capita, foreign direct investment, and industry increase carbon dioxide emission while technological progress reduces emission in global countries. Surprisingly, economic freedom indirectly increases the level of carbon emissions by technological progress; however, economic freedom indirectly decreases the level of carbon emissions by income per capita. In this regard, this study favors clean eco-friendly technologies and seeks methods for development without harming the environment. Furthermore, the findings of this study have considerable policy suggestions for the sample countries.

The effect of institutions and urbanization on environmental quality: evidence from the Belt and Road Initiative countries using dynamic panel models.

Increased globalization in urban areas raise energy consumption that leads to high carbon dioxide discharge and degrade environmental quality. Other economic activities also produce emission; however, a well-established institutional framework can overcome the issues of environmental degradation and minimize the effect of harmful factors on the environment. In this regard, this study investigates the effect of urbanization, energy consumption, and industrialization on carbon dioxide emission by taking into consideration the role of institutional quality in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries for the period of 2002 to 2019. Employing dynamic panel techniques, the results are in line with theories which show that increased urbanization, energy consumption, industrialization, and economic growth raise carbon dioxide emission and lead to environmental degradation. The study also found that international trade and political stability reduce emission; however, institutional quality as a whole positively affects carbon dioxide emission. The study also found a U-shape relationship between urbanization and carbon dioxide emission. The interaction term between institutional quality and urbanization significantly mitigates carbon dioxide emission and raise environmental sustainability. The findings of this study have considerable policy suggestions for the sample countries.

Urbanization, renewable energy production, and carbon dioxide emission in BSEC member states: implications for climate change mitigation and energy markets.

As the world's population grows, the energy demand continues to rise due to advancements in technology and the impact of globalization. The finite nature of traditional energy sources has accelerated the shift toward renewable energy, particularly in developing countries where environmental degradation and declining quality of life are significant concerns. This study delves into the interplay between urbanization, carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, and renewable energy production in Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation member states, providing new insights into the energy market. By using annual data from 1995 to 2020 and advanced panel cointegration tests, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the determinants of renewable energy for developing countries. The findings show a substantial and long-term relationship between urbanization, emissions, growth, and renewable energy production. These findings have important implications for policymakers and underscore the critical role of renewable energy in mitigating climate change in developing countries.

Income inequality, economic growth, renewable energy usage, and environmental degradation in the Belt and Road initiative countries: dynamic panel estimation.

This study investigates the effect of income inequality, carbon dioxide emissions, renewable energy consumption, and economic growth on each other's in the Belt and Road initiative countries from 2002 to 2019. By using OLS, fixed effect, difference GMM, system GMM, and seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) models, the results show that income inequality and renewable energy consumption are reduced while economic growth, foreign direct investment, and financial development have an increasing effect on carbon emissions. The effect of carbon emissions and renewable energy consumption is negative, while economic growth is positive and negative for income inequality across different models. Income inequality, carbon dioxide emissions, economic growth, and foreign direct investment are negatives for renewable energy consumption. Income inequality is positive, while carbon dioxide and financial development negatively affect economic growth. The findings have considerable policy implications for the sample countries regarding income distribution, energy use, environmental quality, and enhancing economic growth. The countries should focus on acquiring renewable energy sources to increase economic growth and reduce environmental pollution.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Refractive Errors and Effective Spectacle Coverage in Emiratis and Non-Emiratis Aged 40 Years or Older: the Dubai Eye Health Survey.

PURPOSE: The aim was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of refractive errors (REs) and the effective spectacle coverage in Emiratis and non-Emiratis in Dubai. DESIGN: The Dubai Eye Health Survey was a population-based cross-sectional study of participants aged 40 years or older. METHODS: Distance and near visual acuity (VA), and noncycloplegic automated refraction were tested according to a standardized protocol. Distance VA was tested using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) logMAR chart at 3 m and near VA was measured using the near vision logMAR chart at 40 cm under ambient lighting. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of refraction of less than -0.50 diopters (D), and hypermetropia as spherical equivalent of more than +0.50 D. Astigmatism was defined as cylinder power of 0.5 D or greater. Effective spectacle coverage for distance vision was computed as met need/(met need+unmet need+under-met need)×100%. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and RE. RESULTS: The authors included 892 participants (446 Emiratis and 446 non-Emiratis) in the analysis. The prevalence of hypermetropia was 20.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 16.8%-24.4%] in Emiratis and 20.6% (95% CI: 20.0%-24.7%) in non-Emiratis. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia was 27.4% (95% CI: 23.3%-31.7%) and 1.8% (95% CI: 0.8%-3.5%) in Emiratis, and 19.5% (95% CI: 15.9%-23.5%) and 0.9% (95% CI: 0.2%-2.3%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. High education (P=0.02) and not currently working (P=0.002) were risk factors of myopia in non-Emiratis only. The prevalence of astigmatism was 7.4% (95% CI: 5.1%-10.2%) in Emiratis and 1.6% (95% CI: 0.6%-3.2%) in non-Emiratis. This prevalence was higher in individuals aged over 60 years (P<0.001) and men (P=0.014) among Emiratis. The prevalence of anisometropia and uncorrected presbyopia was 11.4% (95% CI: 8.6%-14.8%) and 0.7% (95% CI: 0.1%-2.0%) in Emiratis, and 9.2% (95% CI: 6.7%-12.3%) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.05%-1.6%) in non-Emiratis, respectively. The effective spectacle coverage was 62.3% (95% CI: 54.0%-70.6%) and 69% (95% CI: 60.5%-77.5%) in Emiratis and non-Emiratis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of Emiratis and non-Emiratis was affected by RE without optimal effective spectacle coverage, highlighting the imperativeness of intervention to alleviate the burden. The findings may help facilitate evidence-based policymaking concerning the delivery of eye care services and allocation of medical resources in Dubai.

Exploring the nexus between energy consumption, income inequality and poverty, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission: evidence from two step system generalized method of moments.

The concern of environmental degradation, poverty, and income inequality remains a priority in achieving sustainable development goals. Countries are trying to reduce income inequality, alleviate poverty, and reduce environmental degradation which needs special attention. Consequently, this study explores the effect of income inequality, poverty, and energy consumption on carbon dioxide emission in the Belt and Road Initiative countries from 1996 to 2018. By employing the generalized method of moments, the findings show that income inequality, poverty, and energy consumption significantly increase carbon dioxide emission and lead to environmental degradation, while access to electricity significantly raises environmental quality. Economic growth positively affects carbon dioxide emission; however, the environmental Kuznets curve is valid. Income inequality exerts a moderating effect on carbon dioxide emission via per capita economic growth that reduces environmental degradation in the Belt and Road Initiative countries. The results of this study give important policy implications for the Belt and Road Initiative countries.

The nexus between natural resources, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission in BRI countries.

This study investigates the nexus between natural resources, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emission in 35 belt and road initiative (BRI) countries from 1985 to 2019. By employing OLS, fixed effect, generalized method of moments, and seemingly unrelated regression models, the results show that carbon dioxide and renewable energy are the driver factors of economic growth while natural resources reduce economic growth. The effect of economic growth and natural resources on carbon dioxide is positive; however, renewable energy consumption significantly reduces carbon emission. Economic growth rise renewable energy consumption while carbon dioxide and natural resources reduce it. The findings of this study have considerable policy implications for the belt and road countries that how natural resources and income inequality influence the interlinkage of renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission.

The effect of political stability, carbon dioxide emission and economic growth on income inequality: evidence from developing, high income and Belt Road initiative countries.

The reduction of income inequality and environmental frailty are important factors which can help achieve sustainable development. In this context, it is important to investigate the nexus between income inequality and carbon dioxide emission by considering the role of political stability. This paper examines the effect of political stability, economic growth, financial development, and carbon dioxide on income inequality in developing countries, high-income countries, and the Belt Road initiative (BRI) countries from 2002 to 2019. By employing a two-step generalized method of moments and panel quantile regression, the findings show that carbon dioxide emission, financial development, and political stability rise income inequality while economic growth significantly reduces income inequality in developing countries. In the case of high-income countries, political stability and carbon dioxide negatively affect income inequality while financial development rise income inequality. In the case of BRI countries, political stability, economic growth, and carbon dioxide emission significantly reduce income inequality. Our findings have considerable policy implications regarding reducing income inequality in the sample countries.

The relationship between renewable energy consumption, technological innovations, and carbon dioxide emission: evidence from two-step system GMM.

Large amount of energy use for rising economic growth leads to high carbon dioxide discharge that worsens environmental quality which is a challenge for countries in achieving sustainable development. Improved level of technological innovations and renewable energy consumption might overcome the issue of environmental degradation and achieving sustainable development. This study examines the effect of technological innovations on renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in the belt and road initiative countries for the period of 1995 to 2019. Two-step difference and two-step system GMM models were employed for analysis where the results indicate that technological innovations increase renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission. The effect of renewable energy consumption and trademark applications on carbon dioxide is negatively significant that raises environmental quality. Furthermore, this study confirms the validity of Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the sample countries. The findings of this study have considerable policy implication for the sample countries on rising technological innovations and renewable energy consumption in achieving environmental sustainability.

Mechanical and Durability Evaluation of Metakaolin as Cement Replacement Material in Concrete.

Due to the increasing prices of cement and its harmful effect on the environment, the use of cement has become highly unsustainable in concrete. There is a considerable need for promoting the use of cement replacement materials. This study investigates the effect of variable percentages of metakaolin (MK) on the mechanical and durability performance of concrete. Kaolin clay (KC) was used in the current research to prepare the MK by the calcination process; it was ground in a ball mill to its maximum achievable fineness value of 2550 m2/Kg. Four replacement levels of MK, i.e., 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight of cement, in addition to control samples, at a constant water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.55 were used. For evaluating the mechanical and durability performance, 27 cubes (6 in. × 6 in. × 6 in.) and 6 cylinders (3.875 in. diameter, 2 in. height) were cast for each mix. These samples were tested for compressive strength under standard conditions and in an acidic environment, in addition to being subjected to water permeability, sorptivity, and water absorption tests. Chemical analysis revealed that MK could be used as pozzolana as per the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM C 618:2003). The results demonstrated an increased compressive strength of concrete owing to an increased percentage of MK in the mix with aging. In particular, the concrete having 20% MK after curing under standard conditions exhibited 33.43% higher compressive strength at 90 days as compared to similarly aged control concrete. However, with increasing MK, the workability of concrete decreased drastically. After being subjected to an acid attack (immersing concrete cubes in 2% sulfuric acid solution), the samples exhibited a significant decrease in compressive strength at 90 days in comparison to those without acid attack at the same age. The density of acid attack increased with increasing MK with a maximum corresponding to 5% MK concrete. The current findings suggest that the local MK has the potential to produce good-quality concrete in a normal environment.

Peer Reviewed Evaluation of Registered End-Points of Randomised Trials (the PRE-REPORT study): a stepped wedge, cluster-randomised trial.

OBJECTIVE: To test whether providing relevant clinical trial registry information to peer reviewers evaluating trial manuscripts decreases discrepancies between registered and published trial outcomes. DESIGN: Stepped wedge, cluster-randomised trial, with clusters comprised of eligible manuscripts submitted to each participating journal between 1 November 2018 and 31 October 2019. SETTING: Thirteen medical journals. PARTICIPANTS: Manuscripts were eligible for inclusion if they were submitted to a participating journal during the study period, presented results from the primary analysis of a clinical trial, and were peer reviewed. INTERVENTIONS: During the control phase, there were no changes to pre-existing peer review practices. After journals crossed over into the intervention phase, peer reviewers received a data sheet describing whether trials were registered, the initial registration and enrolment dates, and the registered primary outcome(s) when enrolment began. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The presence of a clearly defined, prospectively registered primary outcome consistent with the primary outcome in the published trial manuscript, as determined by two independent outcome assessors. RESULTS: We included 419 manuscripts (243 control and 176 intervention). Participating journals published 43% of control-phase manuscripts and 39% of intervention-phase manuscripts (model-estimated percentage difference between intervention and control trials = -10%, 95% CI -25% to 4%). Among the 173 accepted trials, published primary outcomes were consistent with clearly defined, prospectively registered primary outcomes in 40 of 105 (38%) control-phase trials and 27 of 68 (40%) intervention-phase trials. A linear mixed model did not show evidence of a statistically significant primary outcome effect from the intervention (estimated difference between intervention and control=-6% (90% CI -27% to 15%); one-sided p value=0.68). CONCLUSIONS: These results do not support use of the tested intervention as implemented here to increase agreement between prospectively registered and published trial outcomes. Other approaches are needed to improve the quality of outcome reporting of clinical trials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN41225307.

Joubert Syndrome with a Rare Ocular Phenotype: Coloboma with Retrobulbar Cysts - A Case Report.

Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic syndrome that derives from the defects in a sensory organelle, the primary cilia. It is a multiorgan disorder affecting the brain, kidneys, liver, and eyes. The most common presenting feature in the newborn period is hypotonia, abnormal eye movements, irregular breathing pattern, characterized by episodic hyperpnea and apnea, later on, ataxia, and developmental retardation. Besides, a range of highly variable, systemic and ocular features can be present. We report a case of 2-month-old female infant, the product of a consanguineous marriage, with a sibling affected by JS, presenting with intermittent hyperpnea, apnea, facial dysmorphism, strabismus, oculomotor apraxia, proptosis, retinal dystrophy, chorioretinal coloboma, and large retrobulbar cysts communicating with the coloboma. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed the characteristic neuroradiologic finding, the "molar tooth sign." The child does not fix or follow the light, and the visual prognosis with all the ocular features of the syndrome present is extremely poor. In addition to adding to the diversity of ocular phenotypes, this case reiterates the importance of identifying the syndrome, understanding the varied ocular phenotypic presentations, need for further research on causative genes, prenatal diagnosis in affected families, interventions, and adequate genetic counseling.

The role of financial development and institutional quality in environmental sustainability: panel data evidence from the BRI countries.

The belt and road countries are mostly emerging and developing countries and heading to attain economic prosperity; however, this development process leads to ecological footprint. The factors of ecological footprint need to be identified and sound level of quality institutions might be helpful to overcome the issue of environmental degradation. Utilizing data from 1985 to 2019 of the belt and road initiative (BRI) countries, this study explores the effect of institutional quality indicators and financial development on carbon dioxide emission by including energy consumption and economic growth to the model. By using OLS, fixed effect, and two-step generalized method of moments, the results indicate that financial development, economic growth, and energy consumption increase carbon dioxide emission and degrade environmental quality. Three out of six institutional quality indicators that include government effectiveness, voice and accountability, and corruption control effect carbon dioxide emission positively, while the other three that include rule of law, regulatory quality, and political stability significantly rise environmental quality. The interaction terms of voice and accountability, government effectiveness, and political stability with financial development also give negative coefficients and reduce emission; however, the interaction of control of corruption with financial development is positive and the interaction of rule of law and regulatory quality with carbon dioxide is insignificant. The findings have considerable policy implication for the sample countries on each individual institutional quality indicator and financial institutions in rising environmental sustainability.