Evaluation and Molecular Characterization of Colistin-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae from the Infected Wounds of Hospitalized Patients.

This study was planned to determine the colistin-resistant (CR) gene distribution among two species of gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In total, 50 isolates of K. pneumoniae (14 isolates, 28%) and P. aeruginosa (36 isolates, 72%) were isolated between August 2023 and October 2023 from clinical wound samples at Jinnah Hospital and Lahore General Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. To determine the resistance genes linked to CR and assess antimicrobial susceptibility, all isolates were kept at -80°C in 15% glycerol broth. Using the right primer sets, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilized to identify the CR-associated mcr-1 gene of the gramnegative isolates. Out of 50, 40 isolates (80%) showed resistance against colistin with MICs of 8 and 128 µg/ml. The majority (97%) of P. aeruginosa CR strains were considered multidrug resistant (MDR). All K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to cefepime, cotrimoxazole, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. The clinical CR isolates of P. aeruginosa were highly resistant to ceftriaxone, imipenem, cefepime, cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and piperacillin/tazobactum. The antibiotic resistance pattern was terrifyingly high among both bacterial species. According to the PCR results, CR was prevalent among the gram-negative samples, and the mcr-1 gene was positive in 6/40 (15%) of the CR isolates, including four P. aeruginosa and two K. pneumoniae strains. The high CR (80%) reported in this research is cause for concern and underscores an urgent need to use colistin in a limited and logical manner, similar to other antibiotics.

Assessing Comparative Efficacy of Biologics for the Treatment of Psoriasis With Nail Involvement: A Systematic Review.

Background: Despite recent advances in biologics, there is a lack of significant evidence regarding the comparative efficacy of biologics in treating more resistant features of psoriasis, namely nail psoriasis. A systematic review synthesizing data from multiple studies is efficacious in assessing the comparative efficacy among biologics for the treatment of nail psoriasis. Objective: To evaluate and compare the efficacy of biologics for the treatment of nail psoriasis. Methods: Utilizing PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature review was conducted using the Pubmed database on November 16, 2022. Studies selected were phase 3 or 4 randomized clinical trials, clinical studies, or other randomized trials with data on the treatment with biologics for adults with nail psoriasis. Results: Sixteen studies meeting inclusion criteria were included for analysis. At 24 weeks, the highest mean NAPSI percent improvement achieved at week 24 was by brodalumab (76.9%) followed by etanercept (74%) and ixekizumab (70.5%) while the biologics achieving the greatest proportion of NAPSI 0 were adalimumab (44.6%) and ixekizumab (41%). Conclusions: This study helps elucidate the comparative efficacy of biologics for the treatment of nail psoriasis. This review suggests that brodalumab and etanercept are associated with the highest percent improvement in nail psoriasis while adalimumab and ixekizumab are associated with the greatest probability of complete nail resolution.

The role of bone ring technique for bone augmentation in implant surgery: A Narrative Review.

Bone grafting with simultaneous implant placement using the novel bone ring technique was a procedure introduced with the intention of three-dimensional bone augmentation with simultaneous implant placement in both maxilla and mandible. A ring-shaped bone is placed in the socket, which is secured by an implant placed through the ring. The current narrative review was planned to provide a concise summary of the core concepts surrounding bone augmentation, to provide context for understanding the bone ring technique, and to highlight the basics of bone grafting and the origin of the technique to its advancement and its importance in the light of current literature.

The transcription factor ERF110 promotes cold tolerance by directly regulating sugar and sterol biosynthesis in citrus.

ERFs (ethylene-responsive factors) are known to play a key role in orchestrating cold stress signal transduction. However, the regulatory mechanisms and target genes of most ERFs are far from being well deciphered. In this study, we identified a cold-induced ERF, designated as PtrERF110, from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf., also known as Citrus trifoliata L.), an elite cold-hardy plant. PtrERF110 is a nuclear protein with transcriptional activation activity. Overexpression of PtrERF110 remarkably enhanced cold tolerance in lemon (Citrus limon) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), whereas VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing)-mediated knockdown of PtrERF110 drastically impaired the cold tolerance. RNA sequence analysis revealed that PtrERF110 overexpression resulted in global transcriptional reprogramming of a range of stress-responsive genes. Three of the genes, including PtrERD6L16 (early responsive dehydration 6-like transporters), PtrSPS4 (sucrose phosphate synthase 4), and PtrUGT80B1 (UDP-glucose: sterol glycosyltransferases 80B1), were confirmed as direct targets of PtrERF110. Consistently, PtrERF110-overexpressing plants exhibited higher levels of sugars and sterols compared to their wild type counterparts, whereas the VIGS plants had an opposite trend. Exogenous supply of sucrose restored the cold tolerance of PtrERF110-silencing plants. In addition, knockdown of PtrSPS4, PtrERD6L16, and PtrUGT80B1 substantially impaired the cold tolerance of P. trifoliata. Taken together, our findings indicate that PtrERF110 positively modulates cold tolerance by directly regulating sugar and sterol synthesis through transcriptionally activating PtrERD6L16, PtrSPS4, and PtrUGT80B1. The regulatory modules (ERF110-ERD6L16/SPS4/UGT80B1) unraveled in this study advance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying sugar and sterol accumulation in plants subjected to cold stress.

Transcriptome and metabolome atlas reveals contributions of sphingosine and chlorogenic acid to cold tolerance in Citrus.

Citrus is one of the most important fruit crop genera in the world, but many Citrus species are vulnerable to cold stress. Ichang papeda (Citrus ichangensis), a cold-hardy citrus species, holds great potential for identifying valuable metabolites that are critical for cold tolerance in Citrus. However, the metabolic changes and underlying mechanisms that regulate Ichang papeda cold tolerance remain largely unknown. In this study, we compared the metabolomes and transcriptomes of Ichang papeda and HB pummelo (Citrus grandis "Hirado Buntan", a cold-sensitive species) to explore the critical metabolites and genes responsible for cold tolerance. Metabolomic analyses led to the identification of common and genotype-specific metabolites, consistent with transcriptomic alterations. Compared to HB pummelo under cold stress, Ichang papeda accumulated more sugars, flavonoids, and unsaturated fatty acids, which are well-characterized metabolites involved in stress responses. Interestingly, sphingosine and chlorogenic acid substantially accumulated only in Ichang papeda. Knockdown of CiSPT (C. ichangensis serine palmitoyltransferase) and CiHCT2 (C. ichangensis hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA: shikimate hydroxycinnamoyltransferase2), two genes involved in sphingosine and chlorogenic acid biosynthesis, dramatically decreased endogenous sphingosine and chlorogenic acid levels, respectively. This reduction in sphingosine and chlorogenic acid notably compromised the cold tolerance of Ichang papeda, whereas exogenous application of these metabolites increased plant cold tolerance. Taken together, our findings indicate that greater accumulation of a spectrum of metabolites, particularly sphingosine and chlorogenic acid, promotes cold tolerance in cold-tolerant citrus species. These findings broaden our understanding of plant metabolic alterations in response to cold stress and provide valuable targets that can be manipulated to improve Citrus cold tolerance.

Tele-dentistry in COVID-19 era: A conduit for dental care in uncertain times.

Tele-dentistry encompasses all sorts of digital technologies that involve the exchange of patient's clinical data from a distant site for the provision of dental health care. Tele-dentistry has emerged from the concept of telemedicine, which has been in practice since the 19th century. In recent times, an upsurge in the digital technologies was noted, which has made the possibility of remote access to dental care. The outbreak of COVID- 19 pandemic has restricted the normal routine ways of clinical practice. In these challenging times, tele-dentistry serves as effective platform for providing dental health care. Tele-dentistry has vast applications across various disciplines of dentistry, including preventive dentistry, paediatric dentistry, oral medicine, and oral pathology etc. In these pandemic times, tele-dentistry can be efficiently used for identification of dental emergencies, allowing effective triage and subsequent management. There are different communication platforms available for tele-dentistry. The most common technologies used are web-based video conferencing and smart phone-based applications. As the clinicians are not aware of these digital technologies utilised in tele-dentistry, there are certain challenges associated with its use. In conclusion, tele-dentistry serves as an effective tool in providing health care in challenging times, but it has been underutilised by the dental fraternity. The legislative authorities should establish proper standard protocols to ensure the safety and confidentiality of patient information while using these digital platforms.

Nasopalatine canal cyst, a diagnostic twist.

We present a case of nasopalatine duct cyst in a 35-yearold female. The cyst was diagnosed based on the presence of only one clinical symptom and no obvious clinical signs, which is a relatively rare occurrence. However, the radiographic and histological presentation of this lesion was typical of a nasopalatine duct cyst. Therefore, this case report aims to highlight the variable presentations of the nasopalatine cyst, which is often misdiagnosed and treated as an endodontic infection.

Front-line and second-line treatment for mantle cell lymphoma in clinical practice: A multicenter retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND: There are few reports of clinical practice treatment patterns and efficacy in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied a large, multicenter, cohort of patients with MCL diagnosed between 2000 and 2020 in eight institutions. RESULTS: 536 patients were registered (73% male, median of 70 years). Front-line treatment was based on high-dose cytarabine, bendamustine, and anthracyclines in 42%, 12%, and 15%, respectively. The median PFS for all patients was 45 months; 68, 34, and 30 months for those who received high-dose cytarabine-based, bendamustine-based and anthracycline-based therapy. 204 patients received second-line. Bendamustine-based treatment was the most common second-line regimen (36% of patients). The median second-line PFS (sPFS) for the entire cohort was 14 months; 19, 24, and 31 for bendamustine-, platinum-, and high-dose cytarabine-based regimens, with broad confidence intervals for these latter estimates. Patients treated with cytarabine-based therapies in the front-line and those with front-line PFS longer than 24 months had a substantially superior sPFS. CONCLUSION: Front-line treatment in this cohort of MCL was as expected and with a median PFS of over 3.5 years. Second-line treatment strategies were heterogeneous and the median second-line PFS was little over 1 year.

Comparison of the positional accuracy of robotic guided dental implant placement with static guided and dynamic navigation systems: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The development of robotic computer assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) offers advantages, but how the positional accuracy of r-CAIS compares with other forms of guided implant surgery remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the positional accuracy of r-CAIS and to compare the positional accuracy of r-CAIS with s-CAIS and d-CAIS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Five databases were systematically searched by 2 independent reviewers for articles published before May 2023. A manual search was also performed. Articles evaluating the positional accuracy of r-CAIS were included. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used for the clinical studies, whereas the QUIN tool was used for the in vitro studies. A meta-analysis was performed to compare the positional accuracy of r-CAIS with d-CAIS. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included, with 9 in vitro studies, 4 clinical studies, and a total of 920 dental implants. A high risk of bias was noted in 6 studies and low to moderate in 7 studies. R-CAIS showed greater accuracy for the coronal, apical, and angular deviations compared with d-CAIS. (-0.17 [-0.24, 0.09], (P<.001); -0.21 [-0.36, -0.06] (P=.006), and -1.41 [-1.56, -1.26] (P<.001)) CONCLUSIONS: R-CAIS can provide improved positional accuracy compared with d-CAIS when considering coronal, apical, and angular deviations. However, evidence to compare the positional accuracy of r-CAIS with s-CAIS was insufficient. These results should be interpreted with caution because of the limited data and the bias noted in several studies.

Development of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Chitosan Composite Nanofibers for Dual Drug Therapy of Wounds.

Current trends in localized drug delivery are emphasizing the development of dual drug-loaded electrospun nanofibers (NFs) for an improved therapeutic effect on wounds, especially infected skin wounds. The objective of this study was to formulate a new healing therapy for an infected skin wound. To achieve this goal, this study involved the development and characterization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/chitosan nanofibers loaded with ciprofloxacin and rutin hydrate. Polymers and drugs were used in different ratios. Nanofiber morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy, thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis, structural determination by the X-ray diffraction method, and integrity by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Dissolution studies were performed to check the drug release behavior of the formulations. Antibacterial studies were performed against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The wound healing efficiency of dual drug-loaded nanofibers was measured by a full-thickness excisional wound model of rabbits. The fabricated nanofibers were smooth in morphology. According to FTIR findings, the drugs remained intact in the nanofibers. The results of swelling ratio and porosity revealed that the pore size was increased as the amount of chitosan was increased up to 30% but a further increase in chitosan concentration reduced the swelling ratio and porosity. Drug release studies of nanofibers depicted an initial burst effect and afterward controlled drug release behavior. Drug-loaded nanofibers showed better activity against S. aureus than P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial efficacy of rutin hydrate with ciprofloxacin was improved compared to that of the formulation having rutin hydrate only, likely due to the additive effect in activity. Based on wound healing studies, nanofibrous membranes acted as a promising wound dressing material as compared to the commercial wound healing formulation. Drug-loaded polymeric nanofibers were successfully fabricated by using an electrospinning method. These nanofibers showed an efficient ability to deliver drugs and treat infected wounds.

A C2H2-type zinc finger protein ZAT12 of Poncirus trifoliata acts downstream of CBF1 to regulate cold tolerance.

The Cys2/His2 (C2H2)-type zinc finger family has been reported to regulate multiple aspects of plant development and abiotic stress response. However, the role of C2H2-type zinc finger proteins in cold tolerance remains largely unclear. Through RNA-sequence analysis, a cold-responsive zinc finger protein, named as PtrZAT12, was identified and isolated from trifoliate orange (Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.), a cold-hardy plant closely related to citrus. Furthermore, we found that PtrZAT12 was markedly induced by various abiotic stresses, especially cold stress. PtrZAT12 is a nuclear protein, and physiological analysis suggests that overexpression of PtrZAT12 conferred enhanced cold tolerance in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants, while knockdown of PtrZAT12 by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) increased the cold sensitivity of trifoliate orange and repressed expression of genes involved in stress tolerance. The promoter of PtrZAT12 harbors a DRE/CRT cis-acting element, which was verified to be specifically bound by PtrCBF1 (Poncirus trifoliata C-repeat BINDING FACTOR1). VIGS-mediated silencing of PtrCBF1 reduced the relative expression levels of PtrZAT12 and decreased the cold resistance of trifoliate orange. Based on these results, we propose that PtrZAT12 is a direct target of CBF1 and plays a positive role in modulation of cold stress tolerance. The knowledge gains new insight into a regulatory module composed of CBF1-ZAT12 in response to cold stress and advances our understanding of cold stress response in plants.

Ethanol-Gas-Sensing Performances of Built-in ZrO2/Co3O4 Hybrid Nanostructures.

The development of novel nanomaterials as highly efficient gas-sensing materials is envisaged as one of the most important routes in the field of gas-sensing research. However, developing stable, selective, and efficient materials for these purposes is a highly challenging task requiring numerous design attempts. In this work, a ZrO2/Co3O4 composite is reported, for the first time, as a gas-sensing material for the detection of ethanol. The sensitive and selective detection of ethanol gas at 200 °C has been demonstrated for the ZrO2/Co3O4 (0.20 wt%/0.20 wt%)-based sensor. Furthermore, the sensor showed a very low response/recovery time of 56 s and 363 s, respectively, in response to a pulse of 20 ppm of ethanol and good stability. The interesting gas-sensing property of ZrO2/Co3O4 can be ascribed to both the porous structure, which facilitates the interaction between the target gas and the sensing site, and the p-p-junction-induced built-in electric field. These results indicate that the ZrO2/Co3O4 composite can serve as a heterostructured nanomaterial for the detection of ethanol gas.

Efficient treatment of tannery wastewater through aeration, coagulation, and algal pond.

BACKGROUND: Tannery wastewater effluents contain many toxic and carcinogenic heavy metals and physiochemical parameters that need to be removed before these effluents enter in the main water bodies or rivers. In this study, the effluents from the tannery industry are treated through aeration, coagulation, and Chlorella vulgaris pond treatment processes for the removal of physiochemical: parameters only. METHODS: The effect of removal efficiencies (%) was studied on the physicochemical parameters, including salinity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). RESULTS: The key results showed that the removal of EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD was 80.2%, 67%, 81%, 80.8%, 68.6%, and 100%, respectively, in raw wastewater treatment having 25, 50, and 70 g of algae C. vulgaris doses. The removal efficiencies (%) of salinity, EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD were 83%, 87.1%, 77.1%, 80%, 40%, 97%, and 98%, respectively, during coagulated wastewater treatment with three doses of algae. The observed improvement in treated wastewater indicated that the removal efficiencies (%) of salinity, EC, TDS, turbidity, TSS, BOD, and COD were 85.7%, 39.3%, 81.3%, 67.8%, 50.3%, 97%, and 98%, with C. vulgaris. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed that the treatment of tannery wastewater by these processes increased the pollutant removal efficiencies as all the physiochemical parameters were exceeding the permissible limits. RESULTS CONTRIBUTION IN FUTURE: This research will be helpful to treat the industrial wastewaters or effluents before it further mixes up in the main water streams. In this way, water quality will be better, aquatic life will be saved, and further researchers can analyze more ways for efficient treatments as they have a baseline data through this study findings. PRACTITIONER POINTS: One of the most pollutant sources in terms of both physical and chemical parameters is the produced wastewater from tannery industries. The effluents from tannery industry are treated through aeration, coagulation, and algae ponds treatment processes. These treatment made the tannery wastewater as environmental friendly.

The Dilemma Of Management Of Cystic Lesions; An Uncertain Way Forward: A Case Report.

Periapical diseases ranges from mild granulomatous lesions to large cystic ones, with the treatments corresponding to their respective pre-operative diagnoses. However, the determination of cause of periapical radiolucency is impossible on pre-operative clinical and radiographic examinations. We present a case highlighting the difficulties encountered in treating a periapical cyst using the current evidence in literature. It demonstrates the uncertainty involved in treating such lesions, owing to the impossible nature of determining the histopathological nature of the cyst, i.e., being either true cysts or pocket cysts. This case includes orthograde re-treatment; decompression of the cystic lesion, followed by peri-apical surgery of two teeth over a course of three years; and the uncertain outcomes encountered after each phase of the treatment.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activity on Pakistan origin Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook f.: A promising halophyte.

Facultative type of Halophytes is those which can easily grow on both saline and non-saline soil conditions Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook f. belongs to family compositae [Asteraceae] is facultative halophyte with great medicinal values. The main objective of this study is to explore anti-oxidant and anti-bacterial potential on different morphological parts of Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook f. The results of the antibacterial activity of methanolic extracts of leaves stem and roots of Launaea nudicaulis (L.) Hook f. showed that the potent antibacterial activity observed in all three morphological parts against Staphylococcus aureus. DPPH scavenging activity of extracts of root, stem, leaves against standard i.e., ascorbic acid at different concentrations of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 showed that root extract have more significant activity when compared to the ascorbic acid. Documented potentials of halophytes are elevating its prominence which motivates scientist to further explore with extensive research.

Glitter Effects of Nail Art on Optical Coherence Tomography.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technology that can visualize nail morphology in diseases such as psoriatic arthritis or onychomycosis. We recommend removal of glitter nail art to properly assess nail pathology and decrease diagnostic delay.

An Infected, Noncoronary, Bare Metal Stent Presenting as a Right Groin Abscess.

Bare metal stent infections complicating peripheral endovascular stenting are rare but can be associated with devastating morbidities. The current standard of care necessitates explantation and extra-anatomical bypass of the affected limb. We report the case of a patient presenting with a right groin abscess with draining sinuses secondary to an infected common femoral and right external iliac artery bare metal stent. In addition, a portion of the stent was explanted into the subcutaneous tissues instead of where it was placed intravascularly one year prior. The patient was not an ideal candidate for explantation and bypass due to significant medical comorbidities and underwent local debridement and long-term antibiotic management instead. His postoperative course was uncomplicated, and he had a successful outcome with management utilizing antibiotics and debridement. We aim to highlight the importance of recognizing bare metal stent infections along with their deceptive cutaneous manifestations in order to prevent the development of significant morbidity and mortality.

Low educational attainment is associated with higher all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the United States adult population.

INTRODUCTION: Educational attainment is an important social determinant of health (SDOH) for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, the association between educational attainment and all-cause and CVD mortality has not been longitudinally evaluated on a population-level in the US, especially in individuals with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In this nationally representative study, we assessed the association between educational attainment and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular (CVD) mortality in the general adult population and in adults with ASCVD in the US. METHODS: We used data from the 2006-2014 National Death Index-linked National Health Interview Survey for adults ≥ 18 years. We generated age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) by levels of educational attainment (< high school (HS), HS/General Education Development (GED), some college, and ≥ College) in the overall population and in adults with ASCVD. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the multivariable-adjusted associations between educational attainment and all-cause and CVD mortality. RESULTS: The sample comprised 210,853 participants (mean age 46.3), representing ~ 189 million adults annually, of which 8% had ASCVD. Overall, 14.7%, 27%, 20.3%, and 38% of the population had educational attainment < HS, HS/GED, Some College, and ≥ College, respectively. During a median follow-up of 4.5 years, all-cause age-adjusted mortality rates were 400.6 vs. 208.6 and 1446.7 vs. 984.0 for the total and ASCVD populations for < HS vs ≥ College education, respectively. CVD age adjusted mortality rates were 82.1 vs. 38.7 and 456.4 vs 279.5 for the total and ASCVD populations for < HS vs ≥ College education, respectively. In models adjusting for demographics and SDOH, < HS (reference = ≥ College) was associated with 40-50% increased risk of mortality in the total population and 20-40% increased risk of mortality in the ASCVD population, for both all-cause and CVD mortality. Further adjustment for traditional risk factors attenuated the associations but remained statistically significant for < HS in the overall population. Similar trends were seen across sociodemographic subgroups including age, sex, race/ethnicity, income, and insurance status. CONCLUSIONS: Lower educational attainment is independently associated with increased risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in both the total and ASCVD populations, with the highest risk observed for individuals with < HS education. Future efforts to understand persistent disparities in CVD and all-cause mortality should pay close attention to the role of education, and include educational attainment as an independent predictor in mortality risk prediction algorithms.

Management Options for Linear Immunoglobulin A (IgA) Bullous Dermatosis: A Literature Review.

Linear immunoglobulin A (IgA) bullous dermatosis (LABD) is an autoimmune condition with various triggers. Because of the lack of randomized controlled trials on LABD treatment, management options are mostly anecdotal. This paper provides a comprehensive review of treatment options from a literature review of reported treatments to arm clinicians with a guideline for the management of LABD in both pediatric and adult patients as well as those recalcitrant to first-line therapy (dapsone and steroids). We additionally illustrate an algorithm to use for the management of LABD to aid clinicians when faced with unique patient circumstances.