[Approaches to optimization of the work of forensic medical specialists (as exemplified by the experience gained in the Republic of Tatarstan)].

Analysis of day-to-day activity of the forensic medical service and results of a questionnaire study involving forensic medical examiners, health care providers, and law enforcement officers carried out in the Republic of Tatarstan were used to develop recommendations for the improvement of the efficiency of work of these employee groups. It is concluded that its optimization will require further enhancement of material, technical, and methodological support of this service, its better organization, financial incentive for the personnel, and mobilization of social factors.

[Ultrastructural characteristic of gunpowder charge remains in forensic medical examination of gunshot bullet injuries].

Particles of 3 different marks of gunpowder, withdrawing from experimental gunshot injuries, were examined with scanning electronic microscopy. Features of ultrastructure, making possible to differentiate gunpowder of studied marks, were detected.

[The role of plasma fibronectin in the pathogenesis of post- aggressive conditions]. / Uchastie plazmennogo fibronektina v patogeneze postagressivnykh sostoianii.

The interrelations of changes in plasma fibronectin (FN) level, hemostatic parameters and RES function were studied in the time course of traumatic or burn disease. A combination of interdependent disorders in the systems studied reflecting features of varying periods of extreme states was established in rat experiments. The analysis of the data obtained has suggested that FN is involved in the pathologic process and participates in the pathogenesis of shock and its complications by interacting with hemostasis and RES as a mediator thus playing an important role in maintaining the level of nonspecific body resistance.

[Structure of the spleen of Papio hamadryas during ontogenesis]. / Stroenie selezenki u pavianov gamadrilov v ontogeneze.

By means of morphometrical and histochemical methods serial topographic sections of the spleen have been studied in 23 Papio hamadryas of five age groups: fetuses, newborns, 1.5-2 years of age, mature and old animals. The peculiarities of morphogenesis and age histology of the monkey spleen have been followed and their similarity with changes of the organ in the human ontogenesis has been compared. Owing to the analysis of the structural components and the cellular composition relations, it is possible to conclude that in the fetuses the histological structure of the spleen is not completed, the maximal cytopoetic activity of the organ is observed in 1.5-2-year-old animals and involutionary changes begin in mature period. Possible functional peculiarities of the spleen are considered during various age periods.

[Head-down tilt hypokinesia in monkeys: a morphological study]. / Antiortostaticheskaia gipokineziia u obez'ian: morfologicheskoe issledovanie.

Morphological examinations of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exposed to head-down tilt for 7 and 19 days are summarized. The major changes detected in various systems, organs and tissues are described. The changes are thought to be of different origin and caused by blood redistribution, hypokinesia per se and concomitant stress. It is emphasized that head-down tilt is one of the most adequate methods for simulating effects of zero-g in monkeys.

[Blood fibronectin level in experimental burn shock]. / Uroven' fibronektina v krovi pri èksperimental'nom ozhogovom shoke.

The blood fibronectin concentration in rats was measured by the ELISA during burn shock. Fifteen minutes after burn the fibronectin level was found to drop by 30% of the initial level on the average. Deep hypofibronectinemis lasted up to 24 h after burn. At the same time the clinical and pathomorphological picture of the shock was fairly pronounced. The survived animals demonstrated a progressive normalization of the fibronectin level. The fibronectin level completely returned to normal by the outcome of the second day after burn and then progressed to reactive hyperfibronectinemia by 70-72 h. The data obtained point to the involvement of fibronectin into the pathogenesis of burn shock, which is likely to be connected with the mechanism of reticuloendothelial system dysfunction.

[Effect of mebikar on the experimental and clinical course of traumatic shock]. / Vliianie mebikara na techenie travmaticheskogo shoka v éksperimente i klinike.

The effect of mebikar upon the course of traumatic shock was studied on the basis of experimental investigations and clinical observations. The authors have found a positive effect of the drug on indices of acid-base state, histostructure and cellular composition of the liver whose disturbance has a great pathogenetic significance in shock. The application of mebikar considerably improved the results of treatment in clinic and reduced lethality in experiment. It was supposed that the positive effect of the drug was associated with prevention of the development of circulatory disorders and with the maintenance of oxidation-reduction process and the histostructure of tissues.

[Effect of the acetylcholine system on the pathogenesis of pulmonary complications during the postshock period]. / Vliianie sistemy atsetilkholina na patogenez legochnykh oslozhnenii v postshokovom periode.

In the course of the postshock period the experimental animals show changes of two types both in acetylcholine metabolism and pulmonary histophysiology. Comparison of the evidence obtained revealed a relationship between these changes, thereby promoting purposeful therapy of pulmonary complications by means of propionylcholinesterase. Administration of the preparation before and after injury improved acetylcholine metabolism, favoured the recovery of the respiratory system function, as well as an increase in the life span and decrease in lethality of the experimental animals.

[Age and thymus morphology of pavian hamadrils]. / Vozrastnaia morfologiia timusa pavianov gamadrilov.

By different histological methods, 23 thymi have been studied in Papio hamadryas of 5 age groups: fetuses, newborn, one-year-old, mature and old animals. By morphometric methods percentage of quantitative relations of the cortical and medullary substances, as well as their cell composition have been estimated. A rather great similarity in morphogenesis and age histology has been noted in human and monkey thymus. The character of histochemical reactions in thymus corpusculi supports the view on participation of some epithelial structures in the organ's functional activity. Similar supposition is made on the thymus cystic formations.

[Alteration of the construction and cellular composition of ileo-colonic lymph nodes of rhesus macaques after administration of salmonella vaccine]. / Izmeneniia konstruktsii i kletochnogo sostava podvzdoshno-obodochnykh limfaticheskikh uzlov makakov rezusov posle vvedeniia sal'monelleznoi vaktsiny.

In stained histological sections, percentage ratio of areas to different cellular elements in structural components of the ileocolonic lymph nodes was studied in mature Macaca rhesus, normal and after injection of salmonella vaccine. A rather considerable reaction in all structural components and cell composition of the lymph nodes was demonstrated as a response to immunization of the animals. These changes were demonstrated in decreased area occupied by the cortical substance and in increased area occupied by the medullar substance of the lymph node. In the cortical substance, together with decrease in the cortical plateau, total number of folliculi rises with formation of light centers in them. Calculation of cellular elements revealed that in the cortical substance cytopoietic function was inhibited; that was expressed in decreasing mitoses and blast forms in the cells. Most drastic alterations occur in myelin cords of the lymph nodes. Together with increasing area, a considerable reaction of acidophilic leucocytes, premature plasma cells and macrophages is observed. Their number increases notably.