The association of dietary inflammatory indices and mortality in patients with cirrhosis: a cohort based study.

Dietary intake has an undeniable role in the development and progression as well as the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis. This study was conducted with the aim of investigating the association between dietary inflammatory indices and total mortality in patients with cirrhosis. A total of 166 outpatients with cirrhosis who were diagnosed within the last 6 months were followed up for 48 months in this cohort study. A 168-question valid food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate dietary intake. Accordingly, the dietary inflammatory index (DII), empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) and dietary inflammatory score (DIS) were calculated. Multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated through cox proportional hazards regression models for an association of cirrhosis mortality and three dietary inflammatory indices. After full adjustment for confounders, the results showed that mortality risk increased significantly with increasing dietary inflammatory indices. Compared to the first tertile, the risk of mortality due to cirrhosis was associated with 4.8 times increase in the third tertile of DII (HR = 4.8, 95% CI = 1.1-19.8, p trend = 0.029), 3.3 times in the third tertile of EDIP (HR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-8, p trend = 0.004), and 2.2 times increased in the third tertile of DIS (HR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1-4.7, p trend = 0.032). The results of the present study indicated a significant association between dietary inflammatory indices and total mortality among patients with cirrhosis. Additional research is necessary to confirm our findings.

The relation between MIND diet with odds of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Iranian children: a case-control study.

This study aims to investigate the association between the MIND index (Mediterranean- Dietary approaches to Stop Hypertension diet Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Iranian children. It builds upon existing research that highlights the role of dietary antioxidants in alleviating psychological disorders, cognitive impairments, and memory deficits. Additionally, previous studies have separately explored the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean and DASH diets on these issues. A case-control study was undertaken in Iran, involving a sample of 360 children and adolescents aged 7-13 years. Participants were divided into two groups, namely the case group (n = 120) and the control group (n = 240), with age and sex being matched between the groups. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV-TR) was employed for the diagnosis of ADHD. The MIND diet score was computed using the food intake data acquired from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) completed by the subjects. The mean ± SD for the age and BMI of the study population was 8.76 ± 1.64 years and 16.90 ± 3.58 kg/m2, respectively. The mean score of MIND in this study was 27.93. After adjustment for potential confounder in the final model, subjects in highest compared to the lowest quartile of MIND diet score had significantly lower odds of ADHD (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.37-0.83; P-trend = 0.019). This study provides valuable evidence suggesting that adherence to the MIND diet is associated with decreased odds of ADHD.

The association between paleolithic diet pattern scores and psychological disorders in Iranian adults.

BACKGROUND: There is evidence indicating that the transition from traditional Paleolithic lifestyle to contemporary lifestyle plays a significant impact in the occurrence and widespread of psychological problems. This study aimed to examine the associations between the Paleolithic diet (PD) and the Paleolithic-like lifestyle and the likelihood of psychological issues in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 7165 participants who were enrolled in the Yazd Health Study (YaHS) and Yazd Nutrition Study (TAMYZ). To evaluate the participants' food intake, a reliable 178-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was utilized. The PD score was computed using the food intakes of subjects received from FFQ. The study utilized the authorized Iranian version of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS 21) to evaluate psychological illnesses and stress levels. RESULTS: The mean ± SD of PD and Paleolithic-like lifestyle scores were 38.93 ± 5.27 and 48.48 ± 5.61, respectively. Based on the findings of the present study, after adjusting for potential confounders, it seems that increasing adherence to PD alone or in combination with lifestyle factors significantly reduces the risk of anxiety (OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.49-0.96; P-trend = 0.044 and OR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.48-0.96; P-trend = 0.047, respectively). However, significant effects on the risk of depression and stress were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our research indicates that adhering to a Paleolithic diet, either alone or in conjunction with lifestyle factors, significantly reduces the risk of anxiety in the general population.

The effects of NAD+ precursor (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) supplementation on weight loss and related hormones: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Despite the fact that obesity and overweight are serious major health problems worldwide, fighting against them is also considered a challenging issue. Several interventional studies have evaluated the potential weight-reduction effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) precursor. In order to obtain a better viewpoint from them, this study aimed to comprehensively investigate the effects of NAD+ precursor supplementation on weight loss, adiponectin, and leptin. Methods: Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all controlled trials investigating the weight loss and related hormones effects of NAD+ precursor. Pooled weighted mean difference and 95% confidence intervals were achieved by random-effects model analysis for the best estimation of outcomes. Results: Twenty two treatment arms with 5,144 participants' were included in this systematic review and meta-regression analysis. The pooled findings showed that NAD+ precursor supplementation has an effect on lowering BMI (weighted mean difference (WMD): -0.19 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.29 to -0.09, p < 0.001) and increasing adiponectin (WMD: 1.59 µg/mL, 95% CI: 0.49 to 2.68, p = 0.004) in humans compared with control groups. However, no significant effect was observed on body weight and leptin. There was a significant relationship between doses of intervention with changes in BMI. In addition, subgroup analysis showed that BMI reduction was greater when receiving nicotinic acid (NA) supplementation than nicotinamide (NE) supplementation. Conclusion: NAD+ precursor had significant effects on weight management with the reduction of BMI and increasing adiponectin.