One-year mortality and readmission risks following hospitalization for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on the types of acute respiratory failure: An observational study.

Few studies have examined the risk factors associated with the type of acute respiratory failure (ARF) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients hospitalized for acute exacerbation of COPD based on the type of ARF. The medical charts of hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD between 2016 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. We classified ARF into 2 types: type 1 ARF with PaO2 < 60 mm Hg in room air or a ratio of arterial partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen < 300, and type 2 ARF with PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg and arterial pH < 7.35. A total of 435 patients were enrolled in study, including 170 participants without ARF, 165 with type 1 ARF, and 100 with type 2 ARF. Compared with the non-ARF group, the frequency of high-flow nasal cannula, noninvasive ventilation, intensive care unit admissions, and in-hospital deaths was higher in the ARF group compared with the non-ARF group. The ARF group had higher 1-year mortality group (hazard ratio [HR], 2.809; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.099-7.180; P = .031) and readmission within 1-year rates (HR, 1.561; 95% CI, 1.061-2.295; P = .024) than the non-ARF group. The type 1 ARF group had a higher risk of 1-year mortality (HR, 3.022; 95% CI, 1.041-8.774; P = .042) and hospital readmission within 1-year (HR, 2.053; 95% CI, 1.230-3.428; P = .006) compared with the non-ARF group. There was no difference in mortality and readmission rates between the type 1 and type 2 ARF groups. In conclusion, patients with type 1 ARF rather than type 2 ARF had higher mortality and readmission rates than those without ARF. The prognoses of patients with type 1 and type 2 ARF were similar.

A self-powered and supercapacitive microneedle continuous glucose monitoring system with a wide range of glucose detection capabilities.

Continuous detection of sudden changes in blood glucose is essential for individuals with diabetes who have difficulty in maintaining optimal control of their blood glucose levels. Hypoglycemic shock or a hyperglycemic crisis are likely to occurs in patients with diabetes and poses a significant threat to their lives. Currently, commercial continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has limits in the glucose concentration detection range, which is 40-500 mg/dL, making it difficult to prevent the risk of hyperglycemic shock. In addition, current CGMs are invasive, cause pain and irritation during usage, and expensive. In this research, we overcome these limitations by introducing a novel mechanism to detect glucose concentration using supercapacitors. The developed CGM, which is self-powered and minimally invasive due to the use of microneedles, can detect a wider range of glucose concentrations than commercial sensors. In addition, efficacy and stability were proven through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Thus, this self-powered, microneedle and supercapacitive-type CGM can potentially prevent both hypoglycemic and complications of hyperglycemia without pain and with less power consumption than current commercial sensors.