Association of serum NF-κB levels with peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: a pilot study.

OBJECTIVES: Hyperglycaemia-induced inflammation plays a vital role in the development of diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Recent evidences had reported the involvement of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB) in diabetic experimental models. So, this pilot study aimed to evaluate serum NF-κB levels in DPN patients. METHODS: We recruited 50 T2DM patients, of which 25 were T2DM with neuropathy and 25 were T2DM without neuropathy. In all the participants peripheral neuropathy was diagnosed based on Total neuropathy score (TNS). Serum NF-κB levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: We observed that the serum NF-κB levels were higher in DPN patients in comparison to T2DM patients without neuropathy. On spearman correlation, a positive correlation was found between serum NF-κB levels and TNS in the DPN group (r=0.741, p<0.001). The regression model shows the TNS to be an independent determinant of serum NF-κB levels after adjustment for potential confounders like age, duration of diabetes, and HbA1C (B=81.34; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: NF-κB activation plays a key role in promoting inflammation which is associated with the progression of DPN. In this respect, the study of NF-κB levels in serum may be an additional diagnostic marker for DPN.

The Platelet Aggregation Inhibition Activity of Polyphenols can be mediated by 67kda Laminin Receptor: A New Therapeutic Strategy For the Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism.

BACKGROUND: Thrombotic disease is still a major killer. Aspirin, Ticagrelor, Clopidogrel, etc. are the most widely used conventional antiplatelet drugs. The significant number of patients who are resistant to this drug shows a poor outcome. OBJECTIVE: Developing a new antiplatelet agent with a stable antiplatelet effect and minimal bleeding risk is required for a patient who is resistant to antiplatelet drugs. METHOD: Protein-ligand docking was performed using Autodock Vina 1.1.2 to study the interaction of 67LR with different Polyphenols. RESULT: Among the 18 polyphenols, thearubigin has the highest binding affinity towards 67LR and gallic acid shows the lowest binding affinity. Among the 18 molecules, the top 10 molecules from the highest to lowest binding affinity range from-10.6 (thearubigin) to -6.5 (Epigallocatechin). CONCLUSION: Polyphenols may inhibit platelet aggregation through 67 LR and can be an alternative treatment for Thrombotic Disease. Moreover, it will be interesting to know whether polyphenols interfere with the same pathways as aspirin and clopidogrel. Effective polyphenols could help prototype the compound development of novel antiplatelet agents.

Restoration of Altered Oncogenic and Tumor Suppressor microRNA Expression in Breast Cancer and Colorectal Cancer Cell using Epicatechin.

BACKGROUND: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate the function of mRNA post-transcriptionally in a tissue-specific manner. miRNA expressions are heavily dysregulated in human cancer cells through various mechanisms, including epigenetic changes, karyotype abnormalities, and miRNA biogenesis defects. miRNAs may act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors under different conditions. Epicatechin is a natural compound found in green tea which possesses antioxidant and antitumor properties. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of epicatechin treatment on the expression level of several oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs in breast and colorectal cancer cell lines (MCF7 and HT-29) and identify its mechanism of action. METHODS: The MCF-7 and HT29 cells were treated with epicatechin for 24 hours and untreated cells were considered control cultures. miRNA was isolated and qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression profile changes of different oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Furthermore, the mRNA expression profile was also screened at different concentrations of epicatechin. RESULTS: Our results showed several-fold changes in miRNAs expression level, which is cell line specific. Also, epicatechin at different concentrations induces biphasic changes in mRNA expression levels in both cell lines. CONCLUSION: Our findings first time demonstrated that epicatechin can reverse the expression of these miRNAs and may trigger the cytostatic effect at a lower concentration.

Psammomatoid juvenile ossifying fibroma of mandible in a 6-year-old child.

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is a rare fibro-osseous lesion of the jaw occurs at the early age of onset frequently under 15 years with a propensity to recur. It appears as a unilobulated/multilobulated lesion at an early stage followed by radiopaque appearance surrounded by radiolucent rimming at advanced stages. The psammomatous type of JOF (PsJOF) principally involves the bones of the orbit and paranasal sinuses. However in some cases, maxilla or rarely the mandible may be pretentious. Here, we report a challenging case of PsJOF in a 6-year-old child with a complaint of swelling imitating a cystic lesion in left back region of the lower jaw for 2 months. The authors propose that a careful examination and correlations of clinical, radiological, and histopathological features are essential to arrive at correct diagnosis and play a vital role in management of such patients.