ABSTRACT
Eleven newborns with suspected cerebral disease were evaluated using 123I-IMP SPECT. In a normal subject, high uptake was shown in the sensorimotor cortex, thalamus, midbrain-brainstem, and cerebellar vermis. Decreased perfusion was also noted in the frontal lobe. In hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), diffuse decreased uptake which showed no redistribution in the white matter was seen in two patients. These two patients had a poor prognosis. In one of the other 4 patients with HIE, persistent defect in parasagittal area was recognized and the patient also had a poor prognosis. In one of two patients with tuberous sclerosis, 123I-IMP SPECT showed high uptake in the area of increased density shown in CT. Thus, 123I-IMP SPECT of newborn has characteristic findings different from the adult. This tracer also might have a prognostic value of clinical improvement following HIE.
Subject(s)
Amphetamines , Brain Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Iodine Radioisotopes , Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Iofetamine , Male , PrognosisABSTRACT
Clinical studies on 10% fine granules of cefdinir (CFDN), a new cephem antibiotic, were carried out in the field of pediatrics. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Half-lives of CFDN in plasma in 3 children when administered on an empty stomach were 1.77 hours (3 mg/kg per os) and 1.47 hours (6 mg/kg per os), respectively. Eight hour urinary excretion rates of CFDN were 21.5% (3 mg/kg per os) and 16.4% (6 mg/kg per os), respectively. 2. CFDN was administered to 11 children with various bacterial infections: 1 patient with scarlet fever, 1 with pharyngotonsillitis, 3 with acute bronchitis, 3 with pneumonia and 3 with urinary tract infections. The overall clinical efficacy rate was 90.9%. 3. Loose stool was noted in 1 patient. No abnormal laboratory test values were encountered.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Cephalosporins/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Age Factors , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/metabolism , Cefdinir , Cephalosporins/pharmacokinetics , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Child , Child, Preschool , Dosage Forms , Drug Evaluation , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
Clinical trials of cefdinir (CFDN) in pediatric infections were carried out. Results are summarized as follows. 1. Mean half-lives of CFDN in serum in children when administered on an empty stomach were 1.24 hours (3 mg/kg per os) and 1.85 hours (6 mg/kg per os). 2. Mean 8 hour urinary excretion rates of CFDN were 19.0% (3 mg/kg/per os) and 10.5% (6 mg/kg per os). 3. CFDN was administered to 28 children with various infections: 12 patients with tonsillitis, 8 with bronchitis, 2 with pneumonia, 4 with urinary tract infections, 1 staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome and 1 with impetigo. The overall efficacy rate was 89.3%. 4. Diarrhea was noted in 1 patient. Abnormal laboratory test values encountered were eosinophilia in 2 patients, thrombocytosis in 1.
Subject(s)
Bacterial Infections/drug therapy , Cephalosporins/therapeutic use , Adolescent , Age Factors , Bacteria/drug effects , Bacteria/isolation & purification , Bacterial Infections/metabolism , Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Cefdinir , Cephalosporins/pharmacokinetics , Cephalosporins/pharmacology , Child , Drug Evaluation , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Female , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
The effectiveness of using blood temperature change as an indicator to automatically vary heart rate physiologically was evaluated in 3 patients implanted with Model Sensor Kelvin 500 (Cook Pacemaker Corporation, Leechburg, PA, USA) pacemakers. Each patient performed two block-randomized treadmill exercise tests: one while programmed for temperature-based, rate-modulated pacing and the other while programmed without rate modulation. In 1 pacemaker patient and 4 volunteers, heart rates were recorded during exposure to a hot water bath. Blood temperature measured at 10 sec intervals and pacing rate measured at 1 min intervals were telemetered to a diagnostic programmer and data collector for storage and transfer to a computer. Observation comments and ECG-derived heart rates were manually recorded. The temperature-based pacemaker was shown to respond promptly not only to physical exertion but also to emotionally caused stress and submersion in a hot bath. These events cause increased heart rate in the normal heart. Using a suitable algorithm to process the measurement of blood temperature, it was possible to produce appropriate pacing rates in paced patients.