Segurança do paciente em hemodinâmica: trajetória de um serviço em busca da excelência / Patient safety in the cath lab: the trajectory of a service in search of excellence

Introdução: A segurança do paciente é considerada uma prioridade global pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, e o Brasil, como país-membro, lançou, em 2013, o Programa Nacional de Segurança do Paciente, recomendando práticas seguras para todos os serviços de saúde. Embora obrigatório, muitos estabelecimentos não possuem Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente estruturados para o gerenciamento de seus riscos e incidentes. Objetivo: Descrever a experiência na implantação de um programa de segurança para pacientes submetidos a procedimentos hemodinâmicos. Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e retrospectivo da criação do Núcleo de Segurança do Paciente e do programa de gerenciamento de riscos. Resultados: O núcleo foi constituído em 2014, e o programa foi desenvolvido em quatro fases: criação do plano de segurança, mapeamento de riscos, criação de instruções de trabalho e gerenciamento de incidentes. Entre dezembro de 2014 e dezembro de 2019, foram monitorados 6.913 pacientes e identificado 146 incidentes, sendo 44,52% classificados como inconformidade a protocolos, 20,54% como circunstância notificável, 13,69% como quase-erro, 10,95% como incidente sem dano e 10,27% como evento adverso (incidente com dano). Entre 2017 e 2019, observaram-se redução no número de inconformidade de protocolo (0,66% versus 0,42%; p=0,01) e circunstância notificável (0,5% versus 0,32%; p=0,32), com incremento na comunicação de quase erro (0% versus 0,07%; p=0,018). Ao longo do estudo, observou-se aumento na adesão às metas dos indicadores relacionados à notificação de incidentes, ao tempo porta-balão e às horas- treinamento. Conclusão: A criação do Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente, somada à incorporação de um plano efetivo, é ferramenta efetiva, que contribui para a construção de uma cultura de excelência.

Background: Patient safety is considered a global priority by the World Health Organization, and Brazil, as a Member State, launched the National Patient Safety Program in 2013, recommending safe practices for all health services. Although mandatory, many facilities do not have structured Patient Safety Units to manage their risks and incidents. Objective: To describe the experience in implementing a safety program for patients undergoing invasive cardiology procedures. Methods: This was an observational, descriptive, and retrospective study on the creation of a patient safety unit and a risk management program. Results: The unit was established in 2014, and the program was developed in four phases: creation of the safety plan, risk mapping, creation of work instructions, and incident management. Between December 2014 and December 2019, a total of 6,913 patients were monitored and 146 incidents were identified, with 44.52% classified as non-compliance to protocol, 20.54% as reportable circumstances, 13.69% as near-misses, 10.95% as no harm incidents, and 10.27% as adverse events (harmful incidents). Between 2017 and 2019, there was a reduction in amount of non-compliance to protocol (0.66% versus 0.42%; p=0.01) and reportable circumstances (0.5% versus 0.32%; p=0.32), with an increase in near-miss reporting (0% versus 0.07%; p=0.018). Throughout the study, there was an increase in adherence to indicator targets related to incident reporting, door-to-balloon time, and training hours. Conclusion: The creation of Patient Safety Units, together with employing an effective plan, is an effective tool that contributes to the construction of a culture of excellence.

Safety and feasibility of transulnar cardiac catheterization.

Recently, ulnar artery cannulation has been described as an alternative to the transfemoral and radial approaches to vascular access for cardiac catheterization. This study was designed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of the ulnar approach.From September 2004 through September 2006, 28 patients in a cohort study underwent cardiac catheterization by the transulnar approach. Patients were eligible if they had scheduled an elective cardiac catheterization or angioplasty procedure and displayed a palpable ulnar pulse and a positive reverse Allen's test (< 10 sec). Further, we enrolled only patients who had stable angina. After cannulation, a 5F or 6F introducer was placed inside the vessel, and cardiac catheterization or angioplasty was performed. The patients underwent clinical examination when discharged from the hospital and again at the 1-week follow up.Mean age, weight, and height of the patients were 60 +/- 14 years, 78 +/- 14 kg, and 148 +/- 55 cm, respectively, and 69% were men. Successful puncture was achieved in 93% (26/28), and in all 26 of these patients the procedure could be completed by the ulnar approach. The femoral approach was used for the remaining 2 patients. No cases of arterial spasm or loss of pulse were observed. Two patients had minor hematoma at the entry site. There were no cases of pseudoaneurysm, bleeding episodes requiring transfusion, or vascular perforation.We conclude that the transulnar approach is a safe and feasible alternative for diagnostic and therapeutic coronary intervention.

Inferior vena cava syndrome and morbid obesity.

A case is reported of inferior vena cava syndrome in a patient with extreme obesity (BMI: >70 kg/m(2)), treated at a public hospital. The inferior vena cava obstruction was diagnosed during an attempt at inferior vena cava filter percutaneous insertion, in prebariatric surgery period. The diagnosis occurred after a hepatic scintillography, and was confirmed with a femoral venography and celiac trunk arteriography. The patient underwent a biliopancreatic diversion-duodenal switch and has lost weight. A venography 7 months after the surgery did not show any inferior vena cava rechanneling evidence.