Donation and Equitable Access to Organ, Tissue, and Cell Transplants: A Brazilian Perspective on the Strategy and Plan of Action 2019-2030.

OBJECTIVE: To position the Brazilian Transplant System within the context of the 4 Strategic Lines of Action proposed by the Pan-American Health Organization. METHOD: A specialist analysis was conducted through comparative analyses of the 4 Strategic Lines of Action, objectives, and indicators outlined in the Action Plan, along with the donation and transplantation system in accordance with Brazilian transplantation law. Subsequent to an in-depth review of the document issued by the health authority, a series of meetings involving 8 specialists in organ donation and transplantation were conducted. During these meetings, discussions were carried out with the objective of numerically interpreting each strategy presented in the document, and recommendations constructed. RESULTS: Four strategies were evaluated and only 2 of them the third (81,3%) and the fourth (90%) do not achieve the indicators to complete the objective related to equitable access to organ, tissue, and cell transplants in Brazil. CONCLUSION: The recommendations developed carry importance, as they are innovative and contribute to the establishment of priorities when shaping public policies. The report not only highlights indicators that were not satisfactorily met but also provides insights into the recommendations formulated to improve those indicators that have already been achieved and to work toward achieving those that have not yet been realized. Additionally, these recommendations can justify actions and establish priorities for research efforts in the field.

Debriefing, a dialogical space for the development of reflective thinking in nursing.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the pedagogical elements necessary for the debriefing to favor the development of reflective thinking. METHOD: A single case study developed at the Centro de Simulación en Salud of the Escuela de Enfermería of the Universidad de Costa Rica in October 2018. Data were collected through interviews, observation and document analysis. For data analysis, the strategy of theoretical propositions and the construction of explanation technique were used. RESULTS: The data originated two categories: 1) pedagogy of the organization, addressed elements thought by the professor to facilitate the dialogue; 2) facilitation pedagogy, brought elements from the dialogue itself that enrich the discussion, mobilize the group, provoke reflection and engagement. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: It is essential to include the following as pedagogical elements in order to favor the development of reflective thinking: prior planning, adequate environment, systematization, pedagogical training in facilitating debriefing, openness to dialogue, pedagogical respect, valorization of positive aspects, patience, and motivation.

Debriefing, a dialogical space for the development of reflective thinking in nursing / Debriefing, un espacio dialogico para el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo en enfermería / Debriefing, espaço dialógico para o desenvolvimento do pensamento reflexivo na enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the pedagogical elements necessary for the debriefing to favor the development of reflective thinking. Method: A single case study developed at the Centro de Simulación en Salud of the Escuela de Enfermería of the Universidad de Costa Rica in October 2018. Data were collected through interviews, observation and document analysis. For data analysis, the strategy of theoretical propositions and the construction of explanation technique were used. Results: The data originated two categories: 1) pedagogy of the organization, addressed elements thought by the professor to facilitate the dialogue; 2) facilitation pedagogy, brought elements from the dialogue itself that enrich the discussion, mobilize the group, provoke reflection and engagement. Final considerations: It is essential to include the following as pedagogical elements in order to favor the development of reflective thinking: prior planning, adequate environment, systematization, pedagogical training in facilitating debriefing, openness to dialogue, pedagogical respect, valorization of positive aspects, patience, and motivation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender los elementos pedagógicos necesarios para que el debriefing favorezca el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo. Método: La información sobre el tipo de estudio, muestra, período, lugar de la investigación, recolección y análisis de datos debe presentarse de manera clara y objetiva, sin excesivos detalles. El método debe alinearse con la sección de métodos del artículo completo, brindando información más detallada sobre el diseño del estudio y los procedimientos utilizados. Resultados: Los datos originaron dos categorías: 1) pedagogía de la organización, en que los elementos abordados pensados por el profesor para facilitar el diálogo; 2) pedagogía de la facilitación, en que el trajo elementos del propio diálogo que enriquecen la discusión, movilizan al grupo, provocan la reflexión y el compromiso. Consideraciones finales: Es imprescindible incluir como elementos pedagógicos que favorezcan el desarrollo del pensamiento reflexivo los siguientes: planeamiento previo, ambiente adecuado, sistematización, formación pedagógica en la facilitación del debriefing, apertura al diálogo, respeto pedagógico, valorización de los aspectos positivos, paciencia y motivación.

RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender os elementos pedagógicos necessários para que o debriefing favoreça o desenvolvimento do pensamento reflexivo. Método: Estudo de caso único desenvolvido no Centro de Simulaciónen Salud da Escuela de Enfermería da Universidad de Costa Rica em outubro de 2018. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas, observação e análise documental. Utilizaram-se a estratégia de proposições teóricas e a técnica de construção de explanação para a análise dos dados. Resultados: Os dados originaram duas categorias: 1) pedagogia da organização, a qual abordou elementos pensados pelo docente para facilitar o diálogo; 2) pedagogia da facilitação, a qual trouxe elementos do próprio diálogo que enriquecem a discussão, mobilizam o grupo, provocam a reflexão e o engajamento. Considerações finais: Torna-se imprescindível incluir como elementos pedagógicos que favoreçam o desenvolvimento do pensamento reflexivo os seguintes: planejamento prévio, ambiente adequado, sistematização, formação pedagógica em facilitação de debriefing, abertura ao diálogo, respeito pedagógico, valorização do positivo, paciência e motivação.

Interventions to Improve the Quality in the Organ and Tissue Donation Process.

BACKGROUND: Map Interventions is capable of supporting the multidisciplinary team that works in organ and tissue donation to disseminate quality in this process. METHODS: A scoping review study that was conducted through the steps proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS: Fifty-six studies made up the sample. 2018 (no. 07, 12.5%) had the highest number of publications. The country that published the most was the United States (no. 16, 28.56%). The database with the most publications was the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature - CINAHL (no. 15, 26.78%). The most used interventions, which had the most significant impact on the improvement of results and quality, were the use of indicators in all stages of the organ and tissue donation process; the use of real goals that can be achieved; frequent audits, validation of instruments to track opportunities for improvement; as well as methodologies to implement quality and education among professionals who work in this process. Such interventions reveal important changes in the organ donation process, especially in the notification of potential and effective donors, as well as providing an opportunity for safety in the stages of the organ and tissue donation process. CONCLUSION: The interventions tracked suggest the implementation of a set of actions formed by the continuous use of auditing, indicators, continuing education with the team that works in the process of organ and tissue donation, combined with the management of the results obtained through the indicators, where it is generated from these data, actions that have a direct impact on the weaknesses identified.

Patient Undergoing Liver Transplantation: Challenges and Strategies in the Face of the COVID-19 Pandemic.

BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify the challenges and strategies experienced by patients undergoing liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This was a descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted in a large liver transplant hospital in southern Brazil. RESULTS: The participants included liver transplant patients between the years 2011 and 2022. Data collection was performed using a semi-structured interview. Data analysis comprised approximation of information and calculation of percentages. RESULTS: A total of 23 patients participated. Challenges identified included an increased dependence on others for daily activities, fear and stress due to the possibility of contamination, and the need for isolation from family and friends. Strategies included adaptation to the daily routine, reorganization of tasks inside and outside the home, formation of a support network, and reduced attendance to consultations and exams. CONCLUSIONS: Evidence of anguish and suffering of patients facing isolation and separation from family members was observed. Still, the study revealed the strength and determination of the patients to create strategies for preventing the SARS-CoV-2 virus and caring for themselves and their families. The study demonstrates the need for support from the health team in the face of such a scenario.

Adverse Events Reporting Systems in Cells, Organs, and Tissues Donation and Transplantation: Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to map adverse events reporting systems in cells, organs, and tissues donation and transplantation, including the terms applicable in each system and scientific literature. METHODS: This was a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute method. A search strategy in 3 phases was used, and searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Scholar Google, and government and organ donations and transplantation associations' sites during June and August 2021. Data collection and analysis were independently made by 2 researchers. The scoping review protocol was registered. RESULTS: Twenty-four articles and other materials were selected for data collection. Eleven reporting systems were analyzed, and terms were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse reporting systems in cells, organs, and tissues donation and transplantation were mapped. The main features are presented, which can help develop new and better systems, with an important discussion about the terms used.

Time Elapsed Between Cells, Tissues, and Organs Donation and Transplantation and Adverse Events Detection.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to discuss the time elapsed between cell, tissue, and organ donation and transplantation and detection of adverse events notified in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach. Data were provided by the Transplant Center of the state of São Paulo from the "Individual notification form of adverse reactions in Biovigilance" between 2016 and 2019. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Fifty-two notifications were analyzed, and 3 categories were formed: (1) adverse events detected on the same day of the transplant, 8; (2) adverse events detected between 1 week and 1.5 years after transplant, 40; and (3) adverse events detected 2 years after transplant, 4. CONCLUSION: The discussion on the topic is beginning; however, it is important. Clinical management of transplant recipients and comprehending what is considered an adverse event and the natural course of a patient's life can impact clinical decision-making, public policies, and patient safety research. This study highlights the need to investigate related factors to adverse events, especially the time between the transplant procedure and adverse event detection, to establish clinical guidelines.

Experience of patients undergoing liver transplantation during the covid-19 pandemic / Experiencia del patients sometido a trasplante hepático durante la pandemia de covid-19 / Vivência do paciente submetido ao transplante hepático durante a pandemia da covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the experience of patients undergoing liver transplantation during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: exploratory and qualitative research, developed in a reference hospital in liver transplantation, in the city of Florianópolis, Brazil. Participants were liver transplant patients between the years 2011 and 2021. Data collection conducted through a semi-structured script and data analysis performed according to content analysis. Results: from the participation of 23 patients, two categories of analysis emerged: "Perceptions about social isolation", with results related to coping and feelings related to social isolation; and "Actions and information: patients, support network and health services", revealing the meanings of strategies and changes developed in life activities of daily living as well as challenges faced with information and health services during the pandemic period. Conclusion: the study was able to understand liver transplant patients' experience in the face of the challenges they face during the pandemic. It allowed to visualize coping strategies, feelings and meanings based on recipients' perspective. As a contribution, it presents possibilities for achieving improvements in services and attention to weaknesses in health services, providing opportunities for reflections to improve this care and considering the specificities and complexities of the postoperative period of liver transplantation.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender la experiencia de los pacientes sometidos a trasplante hepático en la pandemia de COVID-19. Método: investigación exploratoria, con abordaje cualitativo, desarrollada en un hospital de referencia para trasplante hepático, en la ciudad de Florianópolis, Brasil. Los participantes fueron pacientes trasplantados de hígado entre los años 2011 y 2021. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de un guión semiestructurado y el análisis de datos se realizó de acuerdo con el análisis de contenido. Resultados: de la participación de 23 pacientes surgieron dos categorías de análisis: "Percepciones sobre el aislamiento social", con resultados relacionados al afrontamiento y sentimientos relacionados al aislamiento social; y "Acciones e información: paciente, red de apoyo y servicios de salud", revelando los significados de las estrategias y cambios desarrollados en las actividades de la vida diaria, así como los desafíos enfrentados con la información y los servicios de salud durante el período de la pandemia. Conclusión: el estudio logró comprender la experiencia de los pacientes trasplantados de hígado frente a los desafíos que enfrentan durante la pandemia. Permitido visualizar estrategias de afrontamiento, sentimientos y significados basados ​​en la propia perspectiva del receptor. Como aporte, presenta posibilidades para lograr mejoras en los servicios y atención a las debilidades de los servicios de salud, brindando espacios de reflexión para mejorar esa atención, considerando las especificidades y complejidades del postoperatorio del trasplante hepático.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a vivência do paciente submetido ao transplante hepático na pandemia da COVID-19. Método: pesquisa exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida em hospital de referência em transplante hepático, na cidade de Florianópolis, Brasil; os participantes foram pacientes transplantados hepáticos entre os anos de 2011 e 2021. Coleta de dados conduzida por meio de roteiro semiestruturado e análise dos dados realizada conforme análise de conteúdo. Resultados: da participação dos 23 pacientes, duas categorias de análise emergiram: "percepções acerca do isolamento social" com resultados relacionados aos enfrentamentos e sentimentos referentes ao isolamento social e "e "ações e informações: paciente, rede de apoio e serviços de saúde" desvelando os significados das estratégias e mudanças desenvolvidas nas atividades de vida diária bem como os desafios em face das informações e dos serviços de saúde durante o período da pandemia. Conclusão: o estudo foi capaz de compreender a vivência dos pacientes transplantados hepáticos ante os desafios enfrentados por eles durante a pandemia. Permitiu visualizar estratégias de enfrentamento, sentimentos e significados com base na perspectiva do próprio receptor. Como contribuição, apresenta possibilidades de alcance de melhorias nos serviços e de atenção às fragilidades dos serviços de saúde, oportunizando reflexões para a melhoria desse cuidado, considerando as especificidades e complexidades do pós-operatório do transplante hepático.

Validação do conteúdo de um instrumento para atendimento hemoterápico no transplante hepático: promovendo biovigilância em saúde / Content validation of an instrument for hemotherapy attention in liver transplants: promoting biomonitoring in health

RESUMO Objetivo desenvolver e validar o conteúdo de um instrumento para acompanhamento do atendimento hemoterápico ao paciente de transplante hepático. Métodos estudo metodológico realizado em duas etapas: 1) Revisão de escopo para identificar tópicos pertinentes à elaboração do instrumento; 2) Validação do conteúdo junto a cinco especialistas em duas rodadas, utilizando a técnica Delphi. Resultados a versão final do instrumento para atendimento hemoterápico ao paciente de transplante hepático consistiu-se em quatro dimensões: Identificação do Paciente; Pré-Operatório; Intraoperatório; e Pós-Operatório, totalizando 54 itens. Após a segunda rodada, todos os itens obtiveram índice de validação de conteúdo de 0,8 ou superior, resultando em um escore final de 0,97 para o instrumento. Conclusão o instrumento demonstrou evidências de validade de conteúdo, tornando-se uma ferramenta útil para o acompanhamento do atendimento hemoterápico a pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático. Contribuições para a prática a validação deste instrumento permitirá às equipes da agência transfusional e de transplantes obterem informações essenciais para orientar um atendimento hemoterápico eficiente e seguro durante todo o processo de transplante hepático.

ABSTRACT Objective to develop and validate the content of an instrument to monitor hemotherapy attention in liver transplant patients. Methods methodological study in two stages: 1) Scoping review to identify relevant topics for the elaboration of the instrument; 2) Content validation with five specialists in two rounds, using the Delphi technique. Results the final version of the instrument for hemotherapy care to liver transplant patients had four dimensions: Patient identification; Preoperative; Intraoperative; and Postoperative, to a total of 54 items. After the second round, all items had a content validation index of 0.8 or higher, and the instrument had a final score of 0.97. Conclusion the instrument showed evidence of content validity, meaning it is a useful tool to monitor hemotherapy care for liver transplant patients. Contributions to practice the validation of this instrument will provide teams of transfusion and transplant centers with essential information to guide safe and efficient hemotherapy attention during the entirety of the liver transplant process.

Perfil de profissionais e organização do trabalho em centrais de transplantes / Perfil de los profesionales y organización del trabajo en los centros de trasplante / Profile of professionals and organization of work in transplant centers

Objetivo: identificar o perfil de profissionais e a organização do trabalho nas centrais nacional e estaduais de transplante. Método: pesquisa quantitativa, descritiva, realizada com 34 profissionais das centrais de transplantes. Realizou-se coleta de dados entre junho e setembro de 2020, por meio de questionário eletrônico. Os dados foram analisados pela estatística descritiva. Resultados: as equipes de transplantes são compostas principalmente por enfermeiros (73,5%), com tempo de formação entre 11 e 20 anos (41,2%) e atuação nas centrais entre cinco e 10 anos (44,1%). As atividades de gestão foram as mais citadas, seguida pelas de educação, e por fim atividades assistenciais. Conclusão: a partir deste estudo foi possível evidenciar quem são os profissionais atuantes nas Centrais de Transplantes. O enfermeiro destaca-se como integrante das equipes das centrais. A atuação do enfermeiro no processo de doação de órgãos é de extrema importância, visto que é o gestor do cuidado.(AU)

Objective: to identify the profile of professionals and the organization of work at national and state transplant centers. Method: quantitative, descriptive research carried out with 34 professionals from transplant centers. Data were collected between June and September 2020, through an electronic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: the transplant teams are mainly composed of nurses (73.5%), with training time between 11 and 20 years (41.2%) and working in the centers between five and 10 years (44.1%). Management activities were the most cited, followed by education, and finally assistance activities. Conclusion: from this study it was possible to show who are the professionals working in the Transplant Centers. The nurse stands out as a member of the teams at the centers. The role of nurses in the organ donation process is extremely important, as they are the care managers.(AU)

bjetivo: identificar el perfil de los profesionales y la organización del trabajo en los centros de trasplante nacionales y estatales. Método: investigación cuantitativa, descriptiva, realizada con profesionales de centros de trasplante. La recolección de datos se realizó entre junio y septiembre de 2020, a través de un cuestionario electrónico. Los datos fueron analizados utilizando estadística descriptiva. Resultados: los equipos de trasplante están compuestos mayoritariamente por enfermeras (73,5%), con tiempo de formación entre 11 y 20 años (41,2%) y trabajando en los centros entre cinco y 10 años (44,1%). Las actividades de gestión fueron las más citadas, seguidas de las de educación y finalmente las de asistencia. Conclusión: fue posible evidenciar quiénes son los profesionales que actúan en los Centros de Trasplante. La enfermera tiene un papel destacado como miembro del equipo al ser la gestora de cuidados en el proceso de donación de órganos.(AU)

Brain death communication with parents of children and adolescents: care strategies.

OBJECTIVES: to identify care strategies developed by professionals from critically ill patients' units in communicating BD with parents of children and adolescents. METHODS: an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in two health institutions between October and December 2019, through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis took place through content analysis. RESULTS: twenty-one professionals participated. Three care strategies were identified: actual clinical situation in suspected brain death; sensitizing families to the real clinical situation after brain death diagnosis; and time to assimilate the death information. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the care strategies for communicating brain death to families identified in this study present the possibility of subsidizing health managers in training and support promotion for professionals in care practice. Moreover, they can be incorporated and validated in the care practice of the studied context.

Tecnologias de cuidado capazes de subsidiar segurança no contexto dos transplantes de órgãos / Care technologies capable of subsidizing safety in the context of organ transplants / Tecnologías asistenciales capaces de subsidiar la seguridad en el contexto de los

Objetivo: Mapear tecnologias de cuidado capazes de subsidiar segurança nas etapas do processo de transplante de órgãos. Métodos: Revisão de escopo desenvolvida em cinco etapas por meio de buscas em seis bases de dados, entre outubro e novembro de 2020. Resultados: Entre as publicações selecionadas, 2020 foi o ano com superior número de estudos (25,92%), a base de dados PubMed dispôs da maior seleção de artigos (37,03%) e o país com maior número de publicações foi o Estados Unidos (51,85%). Quanto às tecnologias de cuidado identificadas, 77,77% foram leves-duras e 22,22% duras. Referente ao tipo de tecnologia, 51,85% são digitais, 22,22% máquinas/equipamentos, 14,81% modelos preditivos e outras relacionadas com protocolo e tecnologia robótica (11,11%). Conclusão: Em relação às potencialidades das tecnologias, as mesmas oportunizam monitoramento, rastreamento de dados, educação em saúde, educação permanente, comunicação rápida e efetiva viabilidade dos órgãos, bem como qualidade nas etapas dos processos de transplante e segurança. O impacto desse estudo é a visualização do panorama do desenvolvimento tecnológico em saúde no cenário dos transplantes de órgãos, evidenciando as áreas que estão sendo estudadas e os problemas nesse contexto que estão sendo resolvidos através das tecnologias em saúde. (AU)

Objective: To map care technologies capable of subsidizing safety in the stages of the organ transplantation process. Methods: Scope review developed in five stages through searches in six databases, between October and November 2020. Results: Among the selected publications, 2020 was the year with the highest number of studies (25.92%), the PubMed database had the largest selection of articles (37.03%) and the country with the largest number of publications was the United States (51.85%). As for the care technologies identified, 77.77% were light-hard and 22.22% were hard. Regarding the type of technology, 51.85% are digital, 22.22% machines / equipment, 14.81% predictive models and others related to protocol and robotic technology (11.11%). Conclusion: In relation to the potential of the technologies, they provide monitoring, data tracking, health education, permanent education, rapid and effective communication of organs, as well as quality in the stages of the transplant and safety processes. The impact of this study is the visualization of the panorama of technological development in health in the context of organ transplants, highlighting the areas that are being studied and the problems in this context that are being solved through health technologies. (AU)

Objetivo: Mapear tecnologías asistenciales capaces de subsidiar la seguridad en las etapas del proceso de trasplante de órganos. Métodos: Revisión de alcance desarrollada en cinco etapas mediante búsquedas en seis bases de datos, entre octubre y noviembre de 2020. Resultados: Entre las publicaciones seleccionadas, 2020 fue el año con mayor número de estudios (25,92%), la base de datos PubMed tuvo la mayor selección de artículos (37,03%) y el país con mayor número de publicaciones fue Estados Unidos (51,85%). En cuanto a las tecnologías asistenciales identificadas, el 77,77% fueron ligeras y duras y el 22,22% fueron duras. En cuanto al tipo de tecnología, el 51,85% son digitales, el 22,22% máquinas / equipos, el 14,81% modelos predictivos y otros relacionados con la tecnología de protocolo y robótica (11,11%). Conclusión: En relación al potencial de las tecnologías, brindan monitoreo, rastreo de datos, educación en salud, educación permanente, comunicación rápida y efectiva de órganos, así como calidad en las etapas de los procesos de trasplante y seguridad. El impacto de este estudio es la visualización del panorama del desarrollo tecnológico en salud en el contexto de los trasplantes de órganos, destacando las áreas que se están estudiando y los problemas en este contexto que se están resolviendo a través de las tecnologías sanitarias. (AU)

Care actions in obtaining tissues and organs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study.

OBJECTIVE: to map health care actions in the organ and tissue donation process in Brazilian regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: a mixed methods study. Data collection was performed simultaneously through an online questionnaire with 72 nurses. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis. RESULTS: a total of 34.7% of professionals work in the state of São Paulo. The largest number of responses was from the Southeast region. Four categories emerged. The first addresses triage care actions; the second involves guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 prevention in potential donors; the third relates to the epidemiological screening of professionals; the fourth presents the scenario of donation training in pandemic times. CONCLUSION: care actions are aimed at tracking the path taken until arrival at the hospital, assessing temperature and saturation curves, in addition to screening for signs and symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 contamination among professionals.

Family Interview Evaluation for Organ Donation: Communication of Death and Information About Organ Donation.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify variables related to organ donation that can contribute to the development of best practices in planning and conducting family interviews by health professionals. METHODS: This descriptive and prospective study of quantitative approach was conducted at 2 southern Brazil health institutions referenced in organ donation. Data collection occurred between 2018 and 2019 by health professionals who conduct family interviews using validated instruments that assessed the stages of the interview. Analysis was performed by means of the proportions of the studied variables associated with the donation authorization categories per the χ2 test. The significance level adopted was 0.05. RESULTS: The variables that presented the highest level of significance in the correlation with the prevalence of family authorization for organ donation included the following: communication with the family about the results of each test in the brain death diagnostic protocol; identification of whether the family understood the information about the death; presence of a member of the transplantation commission who had training to communicate information about organ donation; presence of a family member who had power to authorize the donation; and the interval between the communication of death and information about organ donation. CONCLUSIONS: The study presents important gaps that can be filled by health teams and hospitals in order to improve the welcoming and respect for families, as well as the organ donation rates. It is important to understand that each family is unique when facing mourning, and to distance the communication of death from the discussion about organ donation is an act of respect and empathy.

Brain death communication with parents of children and adolescents: care strategies / Comunicación de la muerte cerebral a los padres de niños y adolescentes: estrategias de atención / Comunicação da morte encefálica junto aos pais de crianças e adolescentes: estratégias de cuidados

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify care strategies developed by professionals from critically ill patients' units in communicating BD with parents of children and adolescents. Methods: an exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, carried out in two health institutions between October and December 2019, through semi-structured interviews. Data analysis took place through content analysis. Results: twenty-one professionals participated. Three care strategies were identified: actual clinical situation in suspected brain death; sensitizing families to the real clinical situation after brain death diagnosis; and time to assimilate the death information. Final Considerations: the care strategies for communicating brain death to families identified in this study present the possibility of subsidizing health managers in training and support promotion for professionals in care practice. Moreover, they can be incorporated and validated in the care practice of the studied context.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar las estrategias de atención desarrolladas por profesionales de pacientes críticos en la comunicación de la muerte encefálica con los padres de niños y adolescentes. Métodos: investigación exploratoria y descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo, realizada en dos instituciones de salud entre octubre y diciembre de 2019, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de los datos se llevó a cabo a través del análisis de contenido. Resultados: participaron 21 profesionales. Se identificaron tres estrategias de atención: situación clínica real ante la sospecha de muerte encefálica; sensibilizar a la familia sobre la situación clínica real tras el diagnóstico de muerte encefálica; y tiempo para asimilar la información de la muerte. Consideraciones Finales: las estrategias de cuidado para comunicar la muerte encefálica a las familias identificadas en este estudio presentan la posibilidad de subsidiar a los gestores de salud en la promoción de la formación y apoyo a los profesionales en la práctica del cuidado. Además, pueden ser incorporados y validados en la práctica asistencial del contexto estudiado.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar estratégias de cuidados desenvolvidas pelos profissionais das unidades de pacientes críticos na comunicação da morte encefálica junto aos pais de crianças e adolescentes. Métodos: pesquisa exploratória e descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em duas instituições de saúde entre outubro e dezembro de 2019, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise dos dados ocorreu através da análise de conteúdo. Resultados: participaram 21 profissionais. Foram três estratégias de cuidados identificadas: real situação clínica na suspeita de morte encefálica; sensibilizando a família da real situação clínica após o diagnóstico de morte encefálica; e tempo para assimilar a informação da morte. Considerações Finais: as estratégias de cuidados para comunicação de morte encefálica às famílias identificadas neste estudo apresentam a possibilidade de subsidiar gestores de saúde na promoção de capacitações e apoio aos profissionais na prática assistencial. Além disso, podem ser incorporadas e validadas na prática assistencial do contexto estudado.

Brain death: health team's experience with parents of children and adolescents / Muerte encefálica: experiencia del equipo de salud con los padres de niños y adolescentes / Morte encefálica: vivência da equipe de saúde junto aos pais de crianças e adolescentes

ABSTRACT Objective to understand the health team's experience with parents of children and adolescents during the brain death protocol stages. Method a qualitative and exploratory research developed in two health institutions of high complexity and reference in the care of children and adolescents with polytrauma. Participants were health professionals from critical patient units. Data collection took place between October and December 2019 through semi-structured interviews. For content analysis, we used the software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires as support. Results twenty-one professionals (physicians, nurses and nursing technicians) participated in the study. The general corpus consisted of 21 texts, separated into 123 segments, with the emergence of four classes. The study shows feelings of support and compassion at all brain death protocol stages. In the protocol opening stage, the team's emotions are focused on the actions of clarifying and revealing information in this process, in addition to pointing out the need for the team to detail the step by step of the exams to be performed. In the communication of death stage, the feeling of being, caring for and welcoming the family relates to other feelings experienced by them. Conclusion the study reveals that the health team experiences unique feelings during the brain death protocol in the reality of children and adolescents, revealing the team's concern with being with the family, paying attention and caring for the pain of loss.

RESUMEN Objetivo comprender la experiencia del equipo de salud con los padres de niños y adolescentes durante las etapas del protocolo de muerte encefálica. Método investigación con enfoque cualitativo y exploratorio desarrollada en dos instituciones de salud de alta complejidad y referencia en la atención de niños y adolescentes con politraumatismo. Los participantes fueron profesionales de la salud de unidades de pacientes críticos. La recolección de datos ocurrió entre octubre y diciembre de 2019 a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el análisis de contenido se utilizó como soporte el software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados participaron del estudio 21 profesionales (médicos, enfermeros y técnicos de enfermería). El corpus general estuvo compuesto por 21 textos, separados en 123 segmentos, surgiendo cuatro clases. El estudio muestra sentimientos de apoyo y compasión en todas las etapas del protocolo de muerte cerebral. En la etapa de apertura del protocolo, las emociones del equipo están enfocadas en las acciones de esclarecimiento y revelación de información en este proceso, además de señalar la necesidad de que el equipo detalle el paso a paso de los exámenes a realizar. En la etapa de comunicación de la muerte, el sentimiento de ser, cuidar y acoger a la familia se conecta con otros sentimientos vividos por ellos. Conclusión el estudio revela que el equipo de salud vive sentimientos únicos durante el protocolo de muerte encefálica en la realidad de los niños y adolescentes, revelando la preocupación del equipo por estar con la familia, prestar atención y cuidar el dolor de la pérdida.

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender a vivência da equipe de saúde junto aos pais de crianças e adolescentes durante as etapas do protocolo de morte encefálica. Método: pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa desenvolvida em duas instituições de saúde de alta complexidade e referência no atendimento a crianças e adolescentes com politrauma. Os participantes foram profissionais de saúde das unidades de pacientes críticos. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre os meses de outubro e dezembro de 2019 por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para análise de conteúdo, utilizou-se como apoio o software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados: participaram do estudo 21 profissionais (médicos, enfermeiros e técnicos de enfermagem). O corpus geral foi constituído por 21 textos, separados em 123 segmentos, emergindo quatro classes. O estudo mostra sentimentos de apoio e compaixão em todas as etapas do protocolo de morte encefálica. Na etapa da abertura do protocolo, as emoções da equipe estão voltadas às ações de clarificar e transparecer informações deste processo. Além de apontar a necessidade de a equipe detalhar o passo a passo dos exames a serem realizados. Na etapa da comunicação da morte, a sensação de estar, cuidar e acolher a família se conecta com outros sentimentos experimentados por eles. Conclusão: o estudo revela que a equipe de saúde vivencia sentimentos únicos durante o protocolo de morte encefálica na realidade de crianças e adolescentes. Revela também a preocupação de a equipe em estar com a família, atentar e cuidar ante a dor da perda.

Palliative professionals: stressors imposed on the team in the death and dying process / Profesionales de cuidados paliativos: estresores impuestos al equipo en el proceso de muerte y morir / Profissionais paliativistas: estressores impostos à equipe no processo de morte e morrer

ABSTRACT Objective: to know the multidisciplinary palliative care team's perception about stressors in the death and dying process. Method: a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive study, carried out from the perspective of Betty Neuman's theory. Data were collected using online semi-structured interview with nine palliative professionals from two health institutions between February and November 2020. Results: a grid of analysis composed of the three Neuman System Models was organized, i.e., environment, person and health, emerging the categories: Self-perception for care in death and dying; Communication between team, patient and family - minimizing stress in palliative care; Personal and professional stressors and health structure. Conclusion: the main stressor source referred to communication as an intrateam relationship and with patient and family. The pandemic was considered as a potential impact of relational and communication difficulties, and the fragility of health management support was linked to palliative multidisciplinary teams.

RESUMEN Objetivo: conocer la percepción del equipo multidisciplinario de cuidados paliativos sobre los estresores en el proceso de muerte y morir. Método: enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo desde la perspectiva de la teoría de Betty Neuman. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas en modalidad remota y con nueve profesionales paliativos de dos instituciones de salud entre febrero y noviembre de 2020. Resultados: se organizó una tabla de análisis compuesta por los tres Modelos de los Sistemas de Neuman, es decir, ambiente, persona y salud, emergiendo las categorías: Autopercepción para el cuidado en la muerte y el morir; Comunicación entre equipo, paciente y familia - minimizando el estrés en cuidados paliativos; Estresores personales y profesionales y la estructura de salud. Conclusión: la principal fuente de estrés se refirió a la comunicación como relación intra-equipo y relación con el paciente y la familia. Se consideró la pandemia como una potencial imposición de dificultades relacionales y comunicativas, y se vinculó la fragilidad del apoyo a la gestión en salud con el equipo paliativo multidisciplinario.

RESUMO Objetivo: conhecer a percepção da equipe multiprofissional de cuidados paliativos acerca dos estressores no processo de morte e morrer. Método: abordagem qualitativa, exploratório-descritiva sob a perspectiva da teoria de Betty Neuman. Dados coletados por entrevista semiestruturada na modalidade remota e com nove profissionais paliativistas de duas instituições de saúde entre fevereiro e novembro de 2020. Resultados: organizou-se uma grelha de análise composta dos três Modelos de Sistemas de Neuman, ou seja, ambiente, pessoa e saúde, emergindo as categorias: Percepção de si para o cuidado na morte e no morrer; Comunicação entre equipe, paciente e família - minimizando o estresse em cuidados paliativos; Estressores pessoal e profissional e a estrutura de saúde. Conclusão: a principal fonte estressora se referiu à comunicação enquanto relacionamento intraequipe, e desse com o paciente e família. Considerou-se a pandemia como potencial impositor das dificuldades relacionais e comunicacionais, e a fragilidade do suporte da gestão em saúde foi vinculada à equipe multiprofissional paliativista.

Coping da equipe de enfermagem no processo morte-morrer em unidade neonatal / Coping del equipo de enfermería en el proceso muerte-morir en unidad neonatal / Coping of the nursing team in the death-dying process in a neonatal unit

Resumo Objetivo Compreender o coping dos profissionais de enfermagem no processo morte- morrer em neonatologia. Método Estudo qualitativo na abordagem exploratória descritiva, participaram dez profissionais da enfermagem. Histórias rememoradas dos profissionais no cuidado do processo da morte e do morrer em neonatologia foi o meio para a coleta de dados. Organização, tratamento e análise dos dados fundamentado na análise de conteúdo de Bardin e no software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados Emergiram duas categorias da interface da análise e os fundamentos da Teoria Motivacional de Coping de Skinner, Equipe de enfermagem e a teoria motivacional de coping na morte em neonatologia; Ação regulatória de ameaça e o enfrentamento da morte em neonatologia. As estratégias de coping da equipe de enfermagem estudada mostram que os padrões cognitivos e respostas comportamentais referem-se à própria maneira de lidar com o cotidiano do sofrimento vivenciado em família, onde os profissionais buscam informação para ultrapassar a ameaça, num enfrentamento de desamparo e de fuga do acolhimento. Conclusão Os processos autorreferenciais experienciados em situações estressantes por profissionais da enfermagem favorecem à empatia, o vínculo e a comunicação com a família de neonatos à morte. Os indicativos de fragilidade na formação mantêm-se predisponentes para as dificuldades no enfrentamento da morte-morrer.

Resumen Objetivo Comprender el coping de los profesionales de enfermería en el proceso muerte-morir en neonatología. Métodos Estudio cualitativo de enfoque exploratorio descriptivo, donde participaron diez profesionales de enfermería. Las historias contadas por los profesionales sobre el cuidado del proceso de muerte y del morir en neonatología fue el medio para la recopilación de datos. La organización, el tratamiento y el análisis de los datos fue fundamentado en el análisis de contenido de Bardin y en el software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Resultados Surgieron dos categorías de la interfaz de análisis y fundamentos de la teoría motivacional de coping de Skinner: Equipo de enfermería y la teoría motivacional de coping respecto a la muerte en neonatología y Acción reguladora de amenaza y el afrontamiento a la muerte en neonatología. Las estrategias de coping del equipo de enfermería estudiado muestran que los patrones cognitivos y las respuestas de comportamiento se refieren a la propria manera de lidiar con la cotidianidad del sufrimiento vivido en familia, donde los profesionales buscan información para superar la amenaza, en un enfrentamiento de desamparo y de fuga de la acogida. Conclusión Los procesos autorreferenciales vividos en situaciones estresantes por profesionales de enfermería favorecen la empatía, el vínculo y la comunicación con la familia de neonatos a fallecer. Los indicios de fragilidad en la formación se mantienen predisponentes para las dificultades de afrontar la muerte-morir.

Abstract Objective This understanding is essential to subsidize interventions of nursing professionals in order to care for families. Method A qualitative study in descriptive exploratory approach involved ten nursing professionals. Recollected stories collected from professionals in the care of the process of death and dying in neonatology was the means for data collection. Data organization, treatment and analysis was based on Bardin's content analysis and the software Interface de R pour les Analyses Multidimensionnelles de Textes et de Questionnaires. Results Two categories emerged from the analysis interface and the foundations of Skinner's Motivational Theory of Coping, nursing staff and Motivational Theory of Coping in death in neonatology; Threat regulatory action and coping with death in neonatology. The coping strategies of the nursing team studied show that cognitive patterns and behavioral responses refer to the very way of dealing with the daily suffering experienced in the family, where professionals seek information to overcome the threat, a coping with helplessness and escape from welcoming. Conclusion The self-referential processes experienced in stressful situations by nursing professionals favor empathy, bonding and communication with the family of infants. The indicators of frailty in training remain predisposing to difficulties in coping with death-dying.

Care actions in obtaining tissues and organs during the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed methods study / Acciones de cuidado en la obtención de tejidos y órganos durante la pandemia de COVID-19: estudio de métodos mixtos / Ações de cuidados na obtenção de tecidos e órgãos durante a pandemia de COVID-19: estudo de métodos mistos

ABSTRACT Objective: to map health care actions in the organ and tissue donation process in Brazilian regions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: a mixed methods study. Data collection was performed simultaneously through an online questionnaire with 72 nurses. Descriptive statistical analysis and content analysis. Results: a total of 34.7% of professionals work in the state of São Paulo. The largest number of responses was from the Southeast region. Four categories emerged. The first addresses triage care actions; the second involves guidelines for SARS-CoV-2 prevention in potential donors; the third relates to the epidemiological screening of professionals; the fourth presents the scenario of donation training in pandemic times. Conclusion: care actions are aimed at tracking the path taken until arrival at the hospital, assessing temperature and saturation curves, in addition to screening for signs and symptoms for SARS-CoV-2 contamination among professionals.

RESUMEN Objetivo: mapear las acciones de atención a la salud en el proceso de donación de órganos y tejidos en regiones brasileñas durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudio de métodos mixtos. La recolección de datos se realizó simultáneamente a través de un cuestionario en línea con 72 enfermeras. Análisis estadístico descriptivo y análisis de contenido. Resultados: 34,7% de los profesionales actúan en el estado de São Paulo. El mayor número de respuestas fue de la Región Sudeste. Se formaron cuatro categorías. La primera se refiere a las acciones de atención de clasificación; la segunda se trata de lineamientos para la prevención del SARS-CoV-2 en el potencial donante; la tercera se relaciona con el tamizaje epidemiológico de los profesionales; la cuarta presenta el escenario de la formación en donación en tiempos de pandemia. Conclusión: las acciones de cuidado tienen como objetivo rastrear el camino recorrido hasta la llegada al hospital, evaluar las curvas de temperatura y saturación, además del tamizaje de signos y síntomas de contaminación por SARS-CoV-2 entre los profesionales.

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear ações de cuidados em saúde no processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos nas regiões brasileiras durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Métodos: estudo de métodos mistos. Coleta de dados realizada de maneira simultânea através de questionário online com 72 enfermeiros. Análise por estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Resultados: 34,7% dos profissionais atuam no estado de São Paulo. O maior número de respostas foi da Região Sudeste. Foram formadas quatro categorias. A primeira aborda ações de cuidados para triagem; a segunda envolve orientações para prevenção do SARS-CoV-2 no potencial doador; a terceira se relaciona com a triagem epidemiológica dos profissionais; a quarta apresenta o cenário das capacitações em doação em tempos de pandemia. Conclusão: as ações de cuidados direcionam-se para rastrear o caminho percorrido até a chegada do hospital, avaliar curva de temperatura e saturação, além da triagem de sinais e sintomas para contaminação do SARS-CoV-2 entre profissionais.