ABSTRACT
This research is the first to use ß-sitosterol on myocardial and renal tissues in renal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) damage. Female Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: control (sham), renal IR (50 min ischemia - 3 h reperfusion), and renal IR + 150 mg/kg/p.o. ß-sitosterol (the rats were treated with ß-sitosterol orally once 1 h before the IR procedure). ß-Sitosterol pretreatment caused an increase in superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities and a decrease in malondialdehyde levels in the kidney and heart. Moreover, it alleviated histopathological changes and downregulated the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 and upregulated the levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase. As conclusion, the potential of ß-sitosterol for renal and cardiac necrosis and apoptosis appears to act by limiting inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Thus, the potential of this compound is noteworthy and may serve as a potential therapeutic in the treatment of acute organ damages due to renal IR.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Hypolipidemic Agents/therapeutic use , Ischemia/drug therapy , Kidney Diseases/drug therapy , Protective Agents/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/drug therapy , Sitosterols/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Female , Glutathione/metabolism , Hypolipidemic Agents/pharmacology , Interleukin-6/metabolism , Ischemia/metabolism , Ischemia/pathology , Kidney/drug effects , Kidney/metabolism , Kidney/pathology , Kidney Diseases/metabolism , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Myocardium/metabolism , Myocardium/pathology , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III/metabolism , Protective Agents/pharmacology , Rats, Wistar , Reperfusion Injury/metabolism , Reperfusion Injury/pathology , Sitosterols/pharmacology , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolismABSTRACT
Superficial basal cell carcinomas (BCC) comprise 9% to 11% of BCC, and are commonly found on the trunk or limbs. We report a case of a superficial BCC on the scalp that was misdiagnosed and treated as seborrhoeic dermatitis. Any erythematous plaque-type lesion of long duration must have superficial BCC considered in the differential diagnosis.
