Genetic diversity of Newcastle disease viruses circulating in wild and synanthropic birds in Ukraine between 2006 and 2015.

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects a wide range of bird species worldwide and is of importance to the poultry industry. Although certain virus genotypes are clearly associated with wild bird species, the role of those species in the movement of viruses and the migratory routes they follow is still unclear. In this study, we performed a phylogenetic analysis of nineteen NDV sequences that were identified among 21,924 samples collected from wild and synanthropic birds from different regions of Ukraine from 2006 to 2015 and compared them with isolates from other continents. In synanthropic birds, NDV strains of genotype II, VI, VII, and XXI of class II were detected. The fusion gene sequences of these strains were similar to strains detected in birds from different geographical regions of Europe and Asia. However, it is noteworthy to mention the isolation of vaccine viruses from synanthropic birds, suggesting the possibility of their role in viral transmission from vaccinated poultry to wild birds, which may lead to the further spreading of vaccine viruses into other regions during wild bird migration. Moreover, here we present the first publicly available complete NDV F gene from a crow (genus Corvus). Additionally, our phylogenetic results indicated a possible connection of Ukrainian NDV isolates with genotype XXI strains circulating in Kazakhstan. Among strains from wild birds, NDVs of genotype 1 of class I and genotype I of class II were detected. The phylogenetic analysis highlighted the possible exchange of these NDV strains between wild waterfowl from the Azov-Black Sea region of Ukraine and waterfowl from different continents, including Europe, Asia, and Africa.

PEDAGOGICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALIST'S TO BE NATURAL-SCIENCE COMPETENCE AND STAGES OF ITS FORMATION.

OBJECTIVE: The aim: Of article reveals the essence of the matter of scientific substantiation of theoretical concepts of pedagogical characteristic of natural-science competence of physical therapy specialist to be and stages of its formation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and methods: To achieve an object of the research a complex of research methods was used, in particular, theoretical ones: analysis and synthesis of scientific andmethodic literature, methodic and normative documents ; synthesis and systematization of research data; synthesis of scientific theories, approaches and conceptions to define the conditions of education of physical therapy specialist to be; empirical methods: observation and questioning. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: In process of the research were defined: step-by-step specific features of natural-science education process, functions , typical activity tasks and types of skills of physical therapy specialist to be which made it possible to define the criteria of the formation of natural-science competence and formulate their competence characteristics. The developed criteria and indicators made it possible to substantiate the development of phased substance of natural-science education of physical therapy specialist to be at higher educational institution.