ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic caused graduate medical education (GME) programs to pivot to virtual interviews (VIs) for recruitment and selection. This systematic review synthesizes the rapidly expanding evidence base on VIs, providing insights into preferred formats, strengths, and weaknesses. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ERIC, PsycINFO, MedEdPublish, and Google Scholar were searched from 1 January 2012 to 21 February 2022. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts, full texts, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias using the Medical Education Research Quality Instrument. Findings were reported according to Best Evidence in Medical Education guidance. RESULTS: One hundred ten studies were included. The majority (97%) were from North America. Fourteen were conducted before COVID-19 and 96 during the pandemic. Studies involved both medical students applying to residencies (61%) and residents applying to fellowships (39%). Surgical specialties were more represented than other specialties. Applicants preferred VI days that lasted 4-6 h, with three to five individual interviews (15-20 min each), with virtual tours and opportunities to connect with current faculty and trainees. Satisfaction with VIs was high, though both applicants and programs found VIs inferior to in-person interviews for assessing 'fit.' Confidence in ranking applicants and programs was decreased. Stakeholders universally noted significant cost and time savings with VIs, as well as equity gains and reduced carbon footprint due to eliminating travel. CONCLUSIONS: The use of VIs for GME recruitment and selection has accelerated rapidly. The findings of this review offer early insights that can guide future practice, policy, and research.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Education, Medical , Internship and Residency , Humans , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Education, Medical, Graduate , Fellowships and ScholarshipsABSTRACT
Urinary tract infections, including cystitis and pyelonephritis, are the most common bacterial infection primary care clinicians encounter in office practice. Dysuria and frequency in the absence of vaginal discharge and vaginal irritation are highly predictive of cystitis. Urine culture is recommended for the diagnosis and management of pyelonephritis, recurrent urinary tract infection, and complicated urinary tract infections. Antibiotics targeted toward Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus are the recommended treatment. The duration of treatment varies by specific drug and type of infection, ranging from 3 to 5 days for uncomplicated cystitis to 7 to 14 days for pyelonephritis.
Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Cystitis , Pyelonephritis , Cystitis/diagnosis , Cystitis/drug therapy , Cystitis/prevention & control , Dysuria/etiology , Female , Humans , Pyelonephritis/diagnosis , Pyelonephritis/drug therapy , Pyelonephritis/prevention & control , Risk Factors , Secondary Prevention , Urinary Tract Infections/classificationABSTRACT
The care you provide to women of childbearing age who are bleeding gets an assist from an established classification system of 9 causes and a range of therapies.
Subject(s)
Primary Health Care , Uterine Hemorrhage/etiology , Uterine Hemorrhage/therapy , Adult , Female , Humans , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
A 62-year-old woman presented with a 2- to 3-week history of fatigue, nonproductive cough, dyspnea on exertion, and intermittent fever/chills. Her medical history was significant for rheumatoid arthritis that had been treated with methotrexate and prednisone for the past 6 years. The patient was currently smoking half a pack a day with a 40-pack year history. The patient was a lifelong resident of Arizona and had previously worked in a stone mine. WHAT IS YOUR DIAGNOSIS? HOW WOULD YOU TREAT THIS PATIENT?
Subject(s)
Dyspnea/etiology , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Lung/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatal Outcome , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
This review provides practical tips--and dispels some common misconceptions--about these devices, which have higher rates of patient satisfaction and lower rates of failure than any other reversible contraceptives..
Subject(s)
Contraceptive Agents, Female , Contraceptive Devices, Female , Adolescent , Adult , Drug Implants , Female , Humans , Intrauterine Devices , Postnatal Care , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & controlABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) measurement in newborns has been studied extensively in the non-Hispanic population, but its usefulness in the Hispanic population remains unclear. We evaluate the accuracy of TcB measurements in assessing jaundice in Hispanic neonates by using total serum bilirubin (TSB) measurements as the reference standard and determine the TcB level that can be used to identify neonates at risk for clinically significant jaundice (above the 95th percentile). METHODS: A total of 192 Hispanic neonates were enrolled. TcB measurements were performed within 30 minutes of obtaining the TSB measurement. The linear relationship between TcB and TSB was measured by using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). We calculated sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values by using a TcB level above the 75th percentile to identify neonates with a TSB level above the 95th percentile. RESULTS: TSB ranged from 1.7 to 13.9 mg/dL, with 62% falling below the 75th percentile. TcB correlated well with TSB in Hispanic neonates (r = 0.87). A TcB level above the 75th percentile detected all infants with a TSB level above the 95th percentile, sensitivity 100%, and specificity 66%. CONCLUSIONS: In Hispanic newborns, the TcB level correlated well with the TSB level. TcB monitoring is a useful clinical screening tool to evaluate for the risk of clinically significant jaundice.
