[Andrey Lvovich Polenov - the founder of national traumatology and neurosurgery (by the 150th anniversary)]. / Andrei L'vovich Polenov ­ osnovopolozhnik otechestvennoi travmatologii i neirokhirurgii (k 150-letiyu so dnya rozhdeniya).

April 19, 2021 will mark the 150th anniversary of the birth of Andrei L. Polenov, an outstanding Russian surgeon, scientist, public figure, the founder of traumatology and neurosurgery, the creator of the first scientific and practical schools of traumatology and neurosurgery in our country.

[Head surgery in the pictorial art of the past]. / Khirurgiia golovy v izobrazitel'nom iskusstve proshlogo.

PURPOSE: The study purpose is to explore the early history of head surgery in terms of artistic figures, based on authentic artistic artifacts of the past. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a detailed analysis of many paintings, engravings, and illustrations for medical publications of the Middle Ages and Renaissance, which were definitely related to the early development of head surgery. RESULTS: The article summarizes a variety of illustrations that present the history of head surgery through images created by painters of the past, both recognized geniuses and those whose names have not been known to a non-specialist audience. Many artifacts are presented for the first time. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate that the art works reflect ideas of the past about life and death, causes of diseases, and their surgical treatment. At the same time, painters themselves, being an advanced part of the society, contributed to medicine, actively participating in the development of not only deontological norms but also people's attitudes to their health and to those who chose medicine as their profession. Their works enable modern doctors to imagine the first neurosurgeons of the past.

[Peculiarities of disorders of brain bioelectrical activity spatial-time organization in patients with different consciousness depression after severe head injury].

Specific changes of bioelectrical brain activity was found in 27 patients with different level of posttraumatic consciousness depression by the methods of crosscorrelation, coherence and factor analysis of EEG. The changes of activity of morphofunctional systems of intracerebral integrations were revealed partially by decreasing of unspecific activity from brainstem structures reflected with increasing of slow wave activity and decreasing of EEG coherence in alpha- and beta-range. Depression of system organization of interconnections of bioelectrical brain activity in frontal and occipital regions of both hemispheres was also detected, and testified about decreasing of intercortical and thalamocortical brain system action under brain dislocation. The changes of integrative brain system activity, provides interhemispheric interaction, had the specific characted. Our results propose a "facilitation" of activity of system, providing "direct" interhemispheric connections through corpus callosum and other commissural tracts of telencephalon as a sequel of mesodiencephalon structures depression with steady reciprocal, antiphase relations of slow weve activity in symmetrical areas of hemispheres in coma II patients. The data of our research had shown no complete disintegration of system brain activity in coma II patients in spite of consciousness and brainstem reflexes depression.

[Effects of transliquoral electrical brain stimulation on the wakefulness-sleep cycle in rats].

Peculiarities of natural behavior in unanesthesired Wistar strain rats, and their electrogram patterns under the liquor brainstem electrical stimulation were in the focus of present study. Analysis of the electrogram specters of somatosensory and auditory areas of the cortex, hippocampus, mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, lateral periaqueductal gray and fastigial cerebellar nucleus revealed authentic increasing of teta-waves most significantly during slow-wave sleep period under the electrostimulation. The increasing of complete wakefulness-sleep cycles was found after multiple (15-20 per hour) stimulations. Possible homeostatic effect of the liquor brainstem electrical stimulation on somnogenic mechanisms are discussed.

[Totals of the work of neurosurgical service of Saint Petersburg (2000-2006)].

An analysis of work of neurosurgical service in Saint Petersburg for 2000 through 2006 has shown that the state of the system of organization of medical care needs reorganization and higher quality that can be realized by preferable hospitalization of such patients to specialized hospitals with successive treatment and observation of all stages of treatment and united medical strategy.

[The epidemiology of injuries to the spine and spinal cord in Saint Petersburg]. / Epidemiologiia travm pozvonochnika i spinnogo mozga v Sankt-Peterburge.

The epidemiology of injuries to the spine and spinal cord (ISSC) in Saint Petersburg and its dynamics in 1994 to 1996 were studied. The incidence of ISSC in the city was 0.44 cases per 10,000 (0.64@1000 for males; 0.28@1000 for females). During the period analyzed, there were increases in the incidence of ISSC by 1.8 times and in the frequency of admissions by almost 2 times. An epidemiological survey of ISSC made it possible to propose some measures to improve the organization of medical aid to ISSC patients in Saint Petersburg.

[A nontraditional approach to anesthesiological support and intensive therapy in neurosurgery]. / Netraditsionnyi podkhod k anesteziologicheskomu obespecheniiu i intensivnoi terapii v neirokhirurgii.

Using mediator agents in definite combinations allows one to simulate the functions of the genetically determined levels of adaptive reaction integration. The action of combinations of narcotic analgetics with varying receptor affinity and alpha 2-adrenomimetics impoverishes and modulates a flow of sensory information to the higher centers of autonomic integration and largely relieves efferent impulsation. This ensures harmonicity of the reactions and makes for the operation of local sanogenetic mechanisms of the brain at functional rest. Anesthesia performed in the early postoperative period by using a combination of the narcotic analgetic phentanyl and the centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoagonist clofelin enables the authors to significantly improve the outcomes of treatment.