ABSTRACT
Neotropical species of the scale insect genus Rhizoecus Künckel d'Herculais (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Rhizoecidae) found in soil sample material of the Hungarian Natural History Museum were studied. Two new Rhizoecus species, Rhizoecus kontschani Kaydan and Konczné Benedicty sp. n., and Rhizoecus granaradewillinkae Kaydan and Szita sp. n., are described and illustrated based on the adult females. Also, the adult females of Rhizoecus keysensis Hambleton and Rhizoecus pseudocacticans Hambleton are illustrated. An identification key and new additional locality records for the currently known Rhizoecus species are provided.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera/classification , Animals , Female , Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Soil , South AmericaABSTRACT
Due to an unfortunate turn of events, the initials of the third author appeared incorrectly in the original publication as the name should have read T Kondo.
ABSTRACT
Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.
Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.
Subject(s)
Animals , Biodiversity , Hemiptera/classification , BrazilABSTRACT
Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.(AU)
Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Hemiptera , Agricultural Pests , Demography , BrazilABSTRACT
The coccinellid beetle Anovia punica Gordon (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Noviini) is an important predator of the Colombian fluted scale, Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo & Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae). In order to gather information on the biological traits of A. punica, we conducted a series of studies, including of the developmental time of each life history stage, estimation of life table parameters, and predation rates under laboratory conditions [25.1 ± 1.6°C, with 70.5 ± 7.3% RH, and natural light regime, approx. 12:12 (L:D) h]. Developmental stages of A. punica were categorized as follows: egg stage, four larval instars, prepupal instar, pupal instar, and adult. Developmental time from egg to adult emergence averaged 29.41 ± 1.85 days, and 47.6% of the eggs developed to adulthood. Female and male survival was 94.42 and 90 days, respectively. Life table parameters show that one female of A. punica is replaced by 86 females (R 0), the intrinsic growth rate (r m ) was 0.1115, the average generation time (T) was 40 days, and the doubling time (D t ) was 6.2 days. The life table parameters suggest that A. punica can be used as a potential predator of C. multicicatrices and, more importantly, provided baseline information for a mass-rearing protocol. This is the first detailed study on the biology of A. punica that reports the potential of this predator as a biological control agent for scale insects of the tribe Iceryini.
Subject(s)
Coleoptera/physiology , Hemiptera , Predatory Behavior , Animals , Coleoptera/growth & development , Colombia , Female , Larva , Male , Pest Control, Biological , PupaABSTRACT
Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.
Resumo Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.
Resumo Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.
ABSTRACT
The freshwater cnidarian Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester 1880, has invaded lakes and ponds as well as artificial water bodies throughout the world. The first record in Uruguay corresponding to the jellyfish was made in 1961 in two artificial fountains, with no mention of the polyp form. Although local reports of other related polyp species have been made, information on the benthic form of C. sowerbii is lacking. Here we report the finding of live frustules, solitary individuals, medusae and colonies from a natural lagoon in August 2010, allowing us to observe the morphology and behavior of the polyp stage in captivity. In addition, molecular identification and remarks on the potencial path of introduction are presented. This is the first record in Uruguay of both polyp and medusa stages of C. sowerbii in a natural water body, Del Medio Lagoon (Dpto. de Florida), Uruguay.
Subject(s)
Animal Distribution , Hydrozoa/physiology , Life Cycle Stages , Animals , Hydrozoa/growth & development , Introduced Species , UruguayABSTRACT
The Colombian fluted scale Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo & Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) is a polyphagous insect pest native to continental Colombia and reported on 148 species, mainly palms (Arecaceae); mango, Mangifera indica (Anacardiaceae); and leguminous trees and shrubs (Fabaceae). The biology and ecological parameters of C. multicicatrices were investigated using as a host plant Caesalpinia pluviosa var. peltophoroides (Fabaceae) under two environmental conditions: semifield (max temp., 31.5 ± 3.0°C; max. RH, 78.9 ± 6.0%) and a glass house (max. temp., 37.1 ± 5.1°C, max. RH, 67.0 ± 6.2%) in the premises of Corpoica, Palmira Research Station. The duration of the different developmental stages was highly different under both temperature conditions. First- and third-instar nymphs, the period of ovisac growth of the adult, and the duration of the life cycle were significantly higher in the semifield conditions compared to the glass house conditions. In contrast, the second-instar nymph stage was shorter in the semifield conditions. The duration of the fourth-instar stage (adult) and the reproductive period were the same in both environments. As for the evaluated ecological parameters, a great difference was found between the two environmental conditions, where the net reproductive rate (R o) and mean generation time (T) were significantly higher in the semifield conditions than in the glass house conditions. The obtained biological and ecological information is an essential tool for finding strategies to control this insect pest. This is the first detailed study on the biology of a species in the genus Crypticerya Cockerell.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Reproduction , Animals , Fabaceae , Nymph , TemperatureABSTRACT
Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.
Resumo Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) is recorded for the first time from Brazil and Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) is recorded for the first time from the state of Maranhão, Brazil. Both species were collected from branches, leaves and fruits of various fruit trees in the municipalities of São José de Ribamar, São Luís and Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brazil. Crypticerya zeteki was collected on Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) and Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), all first records for this species. Maconellicoccus hirsutus was collected on Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) and M. punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), both new records for this species.
Resumo Crypticerya zeteki (Cockerell, 1914) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Monophlebidae) é registrada pela primeira vez no Brasil e Maconellicoccus hirsutus (Green, 1908) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) é registrada pela primeira vez para o estado do Maranhão, Brasil. Ambas as espécies foram coletadas em ramos, folhas e frutos de diferentes árvores frutíferas nos municípios de São José de Ribamar, São Luís e Paço do Lumiar, Maranhão, Brasil. Crypticerya zeteki foi coletada sobre Citrus spp. (Rutaceae), Cocos nucifera (L.) (Arecaceae), Cycas revoluta L. (Cycadaceae), Malpighia punicifolia L. (Malpighiaceae), Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae), Musa paradisiaca L. (Musaceae) e Theobroma grandiflorum Schum (Malvaceae), todas registradas pela primeira vez para esta espécie. Maconellicoccus hirsutus foi coletado sobre Spondias tuberosa Arruda (Anacardiaceae) e M. punicifolia, ambos novos registros para esta espécie.
ABSTRACT
Commercial cultivation of the fruit tree Myrciaria dubia (Myrtaceae) is being developed in Brazil but phytophagous insects, including scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea), can become pests in plantations. The coccids Ceroplastes jamaicensis White, Coccus viridis (Green), Parasaissetia nigra (Nietner), Pseudokermes vitreus (Cockerell) (Coccidae), and the diaspidid Pseudaonidia trilobitiformis (Green) were collected on M. dubia in the municipality of Belém and Tomé-Açu, state of Pará (PA), metropolitan and Northeast Pará mesoregions, Brazil. A key to species of Coccoidea recorded on M. dubia, based on adult females, is provided. Photographs for all scale insects reported on M. dubia are provided. Ceroplastes jamaicensis is recorded for the first time for Brazil and is herein reported for the first time associated with this host.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Myrtaceae , Animal Distribution , Animals , Brazil , Female , Fruit , Population Density , TreesABSTRACT
Studies on the development and reproduction of Brethesiella cf. abnormicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a parasitoid of the Colombian fluted scale, Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo & Unruh (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), were conducted under laboratory conditions. The duration of the life cycle, adult longevity, fecundity, and population parameters were determined. The parasitoid takes about 29 d to complete a single generation (from egg to adult). In addition, population parameters show that one female wasp is replaced by nearly 32 females, with a female-to-male sex ratio of 2:1. Population parameters estimated in this study can be considered baseline information for a mass-rearing protocol. This is the first detailed study of the biology of a species of Brethesiella, where the duration of all larval stages of the parasitoid is determined, being an important contribution for further biological studies of endoparasitoids.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera/parasitology , Wasps/physiology , Animals , Colombia , Fertility , Hemiptera/growth & development , Larva/growth & development , Larva/physiology , Longevity , Nymph/growth & development , Nymph/parasitology , Pest Control, Biological , Wasps/growth & developmentABSTRACT
A new species of Hemilecanium Newstead, Hemilecanium guanabana Kondo & Hodgson n. sp., is described and illustrated based on the adult female, adult male and first instar. The specimens were collected in the municipality of Palmira, state of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, on soursop, Annona muricata (Annonaceae). Updated identification keys are provided for the adult females of all 28 species of the genus Hemilecanium, and for known adult males and first instars. An updated list of the 23 species of soft scales (Coccidae) known from soursop worldwide is included.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera , Animal Distribution , Animals , Annona , Annonaceae , Female , Hemiptera/anatomy & histology , Hemiptera/classification , MaleABSTRACT
The lac insect genus Tachardiella Cockerell is reviewed and 17 species are recognized, including one new species. The adult female of Tachardiella palobrea Kondo & Gullan sp. n. is described and illustrated based on material collected in Argentina on 'brea', Parkinsonia praecox (Fabaceae). The adult female of Tachardiella argentina (Dominguez) is redescribed and a lectotype is designated based on newly discovered syntype material in the Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis (BME). Diagnoses and notes are provided for the other species of Tachardiella studied and a lectotype is designated for Tachardiella ferrisi Chamberlin. A taxonomic key to separate all known species of lac insects in the New World is provided.
Subject(s)
Hemiptera/classification , Americas , Animals , Classification/methods , Female , Hemiptera/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
The lac insect genus Tachardiella Cockerell is reviewed and 17 species are recognized, including one new species. The adult female of Tachardiella palobrea Kondo & Gullan sp. n. is described and illustrated based on material collected in Argentina on 'brea', Parkinsonia praecox (Fabaceae). The adult female of Tachardiella argentina (Dominguez) is redescribed and a lectotype is designated based on newly discovered syntype material in the Bohart Museum of Entomology, University of California, Davis (BME). Diagnoses and notes are provided for the other species of Tachardiella studied and a lectotype is designated for Tachardiella ferrisi Chamberlin. A taxonomic key to separate all known species of lac insects in the New World is provided.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Hemiptera/classification , Americas , Classification/methods , Hemiptera/anatomy & histologyABSTRACT
To study the pathophysiology of nonoliguric hyperkalemia, we measured serum potassium concentration and external K balance (intake and excretion), and estimated internal K balance (a shift from intracellular space to extracellular space) in 24 nonoliguric premature infants during the first 72 hours after birth. Data were analyzed from two aspects: gestational age (group 1, 24 to 28 weeks, n = 9; group 2, 29 to 32 weeks, n = 9; group 3, 33 to 36 weeks, n = 6) and postnatal age (0 to 72 hours). Serum K concentration rose from baseline (0 hour) to 24 hours in groups 1 and 2 (p < 0.01) but did not rise in group 3. The external K balance was negative in all groups during the study period, and was more negative in the more premature infants (group 1 > group 2 > group 3) during the second 24 hours. There was a significant difference (p < 0.01) between the internal K balance of the three groups during the first 24 hours (group 1 > group 2 > group 3), and the K shift decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during the study period in groups 1 and 2. The more premature the infants, the larger the K shift and the larger the rise in serum K concentration during the first 24 hours, and the more negative the external K balance after 24 hours. These data indicate that K loading caused by the K shift associated with prematurity produces a rapid rise in serum K concentration, resulting in an increase in urinary K excretion. We conclude that an internal K shift inversely proportional to gestational and postnatal age is the primary cause of nonoliguric hyperkalemia in very premature infants.
Subject(s)
Hyperkalemia/blood , Hyperkalemia/urine , Infant, Premature, Diseases/blood , Potassium/blood , Potassium/urine , Extracellular Space , Gestational Age , Humans , Infant, NewbornABSTRACT
Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two infants with typical exanthem subitum. The HindIII-, BamHI-, and EcoRI-digested DNA patterns of the isolated viruses were very similar to that of the prototype HHV-7 (RK strain), but different from that of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). During the convalescent period of the first patient, the titer of antibody to HHV-7 rose from < 1:10 to 1:320 by an immunofluorescence antibody test, whereas the titer of antibody to HHV-6 remained < 1:10. In the second patient, who had two independent episodes of exanthem subitum during 2 months, both HHV-6 and HHV-7 were sequentially isolated; seroconversion to HHV-6 occurred during the first episode and to HHV-7 during the second episode. In addition, sera from another 15 children who had episodes of exanthem subitum were serologically tested for antibodies to HHV-6 and HHV-7 by immunofluorescence antibody test. Five of seven patients had seroconversion to HHV-7 just after having typical signs and symptoms of exanthem subitum. These results suggest that HHV-7 is one of the causative agents of exanthem subitum.
Subject(s)
Exanthema Subitum/microbiology , Herpesviridae Infections , Herpesvirus 7, Human/isolation & purification , Child, Preschool , Female , Herpesviridae Infections/microbiology , Herpesvirus 6, Human/classification , Herpesvirus 6, Human/isolation & purification , Herpesvirus 7, Human/classification , Humans , Infant , Male , SerotypingABSTRACT
We studied the effect of amitriptyline (AMI) on neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis in cats anesthetized with alpha-chloralose. The IV injection of 1.0 to 4.0 mg/kg AMI had a differential effect on the inhibitory mechanisms controlling the responses of these neurons. AMI significantly enhanced the segmental inhibition (SI) of wide dynamic range (WDR) neurons but had little or no effect on low-threshold mechanoceptive neurons. AMI also facilitated the SI of some nociceptive specific (NS) neurons and the periventricular inhibition of some WDR and NS neurons, but these effects were not statistically significant. Our observations suggest that AMI exerts its antineuralgic effect by enhancing the ability of SI to prevent excessive firing of WDR neurons. This supports the notion that neuropathic pain is caused by dysfunction of inhibitory mechanisms in the CNS.