pH-Activated Scallop-Type Nanoenzymes for Oxidative Stress Amplification and Photothermal Enhancement of Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect.

Ferric phosphate (FePOs) nanoenzymes can express peroxidase (POD) activity under the dual stimulation of an acidic environment and high H2O2 concentrations. In living organisms, this generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sites of lesion infection, and thus FePOs nanoenzymes can act as antimicrobial agents. Here, CeO2 and ZnO2 were immobilized in a scallop-type FePOs nanoenzyme material loaded with a photosensitizer, indocyanine green, to synthesize a multifunctional cascade nanoparticle system (FePOs-CeO2-ZnO2-ICG, FCZI NPs). H2O2 concentrations could be adjusted through the ZnO2 self-activation response to the slightly acidic environment in biofilms, further promoting the release of ROS from the POD-like reaction of FePOs, achieving amplification of oxidative stress, DNA and cell membrane damage, and exploiting the photodynamic/photothermal effects of indocyanine green to enhance the antibiofilm effects. CeO2 can remove redundant ROS by switching from Ce4+ to Ce3+ valence, enhancing its ability to fight chronic inflammation and oxidative stress and thus promoting the regeneration of tissues around infection. By maintaining the redox balance of normal cells, increasing ROS at the infection site, eliminating redundant ROS, and protecting normal tissues from damage, the synthesized system maximizes the elimination of biofilms and treatment at the infection site. Therefore, this work may pave the way for the application of biocompatible nanoenzymes.

Co-production of lactate and volatile fatty acids through repeated-batch fermentation of fruit and vegetable waste: Effect of cycle time and replacement ratio.

In this study, repeated-batch fermentation was used to convert fruit and vegetable waste to lactate and volatile fatty acids (VFAs), which are essential carbon sources for medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) production. The effect of cycle time and replacement ratio on acidification in long-term fermentation was investigated. The results showed that they had a significant impact on product yield, productivity, and type of products. Considering the yield, productivity, and lactate/VFAs ratio, a replacement ratio of 30% and a cycle time of 2 d may be more suitable for further production of MCFAs. Its productivity and lactate/VFAs ratio were 4.07 ± 0.24 g/(L·d) and 5 ± 0.6, respectively. The lactic acid bacteria, such as Enterococcus (63%) and Lactobacillus (33%), stabilized in the reactor, resulting in the generation of both lactate and VFAs by heterolactic fermentation. The present study demonstrated a new strategy with the potential to recover high-value products from organic waste streams.

PTT/ PDT-induced microbial apoptosis and wound healing depend on immune activation and macrophage phenotype transformation.

Antibiotics show unsuccessful application in biofilm destruction, which induce chronic infections and emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), as widely accepted antimicrobial tools of phototherapy, could effectively activate the immune system and promote the proliferation of wound tissue, thus becoming the most promising therapeutic strategy to replace antibiotics and avoid drug-resistant strains. However, there is no consensus on whether antibacterial and wound healing achieved by PDT/PTT depend not only on the cytotoxic effect of the treatment itself, but also on the activation of host immune system. In this study, CaSiO3-ClO2@PDA-ICG nanoparticles (CCPI NPs) were designed as PDT/PTT antimicrobial model material. With the comparison of healing effect between wide-type mice and severely immunodeficient (C-NKG) mice, the dependence of PDT/PTT-induced microbial apoptosis and wound healing on immune activation and macrophage phenotype transformation was explored and verified. Furthermore, the induced phenotypic transformation of macrophages during PDT/PTT treatment was demonstrated to play crucial role in the improvement of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT). In summary, this study represents great significance for further identifying the role of immune system activation in antibacterial phototherapy and developing new treatment strategies for biofilm-infected wound healing. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: A PDT/PTT combination therapy model nanoparticle was established for biofilm-infected wounds. Both microbial apoptosis and wound healing achieved by PDT/PTT combination therapy were highly dependent on the activated immune system, especially the M2 macrophage phenotype. PDT/PTT could promote the polarization of monocytes to the phenotype of M2 macrophages, which promotes EMT behavior of the tissue at the edge of the wound through the secretion of TGF-ß1, thus accelerating wound healing.

Three-dimension chitosan hydrogel loading melanin composite nanoparticles for wound healing by anti-bacteria, immune activation and macrophage autophagy promotion.

Application of Combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) has become one of the most promising strategy to replace antibiotics and avoid the epidemic of drug-resistant strains during wound healing. However, high amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and high temperature cause severe stress response to normal tissues, leading to potential risks of wound healing. Herein, a three-dimension chitosan hydrogel melanin-glycine-C60 nanoparticles (MGC NPs) were prepared to realized effective anti-bacterial activity, immune activation and macrophage autophagy promotion in three-dimensional wound space without triggering stress response. MGC NP is a composite polymer material composed of natural melanin polymer, oligopeptide and carbon-based material, which showed excellent biological safety. By regulating the peptide length between melanin and C60 and nanoparticle content, a high ROS/heat environment at the upper wound site and a low ROS/heat environment at the lower region adjacent to the wound tissue were established to obtain a three-dimension hydrogel with precise PDT and PTT efficiency in different regions. Highly effective PDT/PTT was used to kill microorganisms in upper region, thus providing a barrier to reduce microbial infection. Mild PDT/PTT in lower region promoted the polarization of M1 macrophage to M2 macrophage and activated autophagy of M2 macrophages, regulating the immune microenvironment and promoting wound repair. In conclusion, the novel three-dimensional PDT/PTT therapy based on natural macromolecules proposed in this study accelerates wound healing through dual pathways on the premise of avoiding wound stress response, which is of great significance for the development of clinical strategies for phototherapy.

Na2S2O4@Co-metal organic framework (ZIF-67) @glucose oxidase for biofilm-infecting wound healing with immune activation.

In recent years, photodynamic therapy (PDT) or chemodynamic therapy (CDT) based on the antimicrobial property or anti-biofilm property of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been widely recognized for their low susceptibility to microbial resistance. However, due to the complication of the three-dimensional structure of the biofilm at the wound site and the high quenching rate of common ROS, the treatment with traditional ROS could not achieve satisfactory wound healing effects. Here, Na2S2O8@ZIF-67/GOx nanoparticles (NZG NPs) were prepared as a new high-toxic ROS nanogenerator for application of biofilm-infecting wound healing with the assistance of glucose oxidase (GOx) for amplified CDT and immune activation. When the NZG NPs entered the biofilm, Co-based metal organic frame (ZIF-67) ruptured in the acidic microenvironment, which induced the release of GOx and the production of gluconic acid and H2O2, further promoting the decrease of pH of the biofilm microenvironment and in turn accelerating the cleavage of ZIF-67 and the release of Na2S2O8. Then, S2O82- could gradually transformed into high-toxic sulfate radical (SO4-), part of which further produced OH in situ with H2O, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of bacteria and biofilms. Interestingly, these two types of ROS not only caused direct damage to the biofilm, but also activated the immune system of the wound site as well as the body more effectively, which also played an indirect role in promoting biofilm destruction and wound healing. In vitro and in vivo results showed that, as a new high-toxic ROS nanogenerator, the NZG NPs supply amplified chemodynamic therapy and immune activation to destroy biofilms, but also achieve effective wound healing without causing bacterial tolerance, which provides a new strategy for the development of biofilm-infecting wound healing.

Co-occurrence network of microbial communities affected by application of anaerobic fermentation residues during phytoremediation of ionic rare earth tailings area.

The long-term exploitation of ionic rare earth elements (REEs) in southern China has produced a large-scale of abandoned tailings area. While the application of anaerobic fermentation residues to cultivate economically valuable remediation plants (e.g. energy plant) has become a hotspot due to their merits in low-cost and sustainability in recent years, the succession and co-occurrence patterns of these microbial communities remain unclear. In this study, soil samples were collected from the sustainable restoration area, natural restoration area and tailings area. The composition and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities on five soil samples were evaluated using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results shown that the phytoremediation with anaerobic fermentation residues could significantly improve the physicochemical properties (especially for soil nutrients) and microbial diversity of soil within 3 years, while these parameters in natural restoration area were lower. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations revealed the shifts of microbial communities depending on soil physicochemical properties and plant species, and soil nutrients were the main factors affecting the microbial variation explained by the variation partition analysis (VPA). The soil nutrient accumulation obviously changed the proportion of oligotrophic and copiotrophic groups, among which the copiotrophic groups were significantly increased, such as Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes and Glomeromycota. The microbial co-occurrence network analysis indicated that application of anaerobic fermentation residues could significantly improve the topological properties and the stability of microbial network. The copiotrophic groups (e.g. Proteobacteria, Ascomycota) became the key to assemble stable network structure. Moreover, herbaceous plants could increase the proportion of fungi (e.g. Ascomycota) in microbial network, which improved the topological properties with bacteria synergistically. Therefore, the soil environment of REEs tailings area was effectively optimized by anaerobic fermentation residues and herbaceous plants, which furthered understanding of co-occurrence pattern and mutualistic relationships of microbial communities during sustainable restoration.

Cyclic Behavior of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete External Panel with New Connector.

In this paper, a new slip-type crossing connector is proposed for autoclaved aerated concrete (ALC) panels with steel frames, and the proposed connector is also studied deeply in terms of seismic performance. The research included pseudo-static tests and finite element simulations. First, the seismic performance of slip-type crossing connectors and standard L-hooked bolts was studied comparatively, including the stability, bearing capacity, stiffness, energy dissipation, and hysteresis performance. ABAQUS 2020 software was used to establish finite element models, and the results of the experiments were verified with simulations on the basis. According to the simulations, a parameter analysis of connector optimization was carried out. The effects of connector thickness and connector plate length on the seismic performance were further investigated. From the experimental and simulation results, the slip-type crossing connector has excellent performance and good assembly efficiency, it can improve the deficiencies of the existing connectors. The comparison demonstrated that the slip-type crossing connector has a complete hysteresis curve, a high energy dissipation capacity, and a 9.7% increase in bearing capacity. The appropriate reduction in connector thickness and plate length can ensure superior seismic performance while saving resources. The finite analysis method can guide the design and implementation of new external ALC panel connectors.

A Succinct Method for Non-Line-of-Sight Mitigation for Ultra-Wideband Indoor Positioning System.

Ultra-wideband (UWB) is a promising indoor position technology with centimetre-level positioning accuracy in line-of-sight (LOS) situations. However, walls and other obstacles are common in an indoor environment, which can introduce non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and deteriorate UWB positioning accuracy to the meter level. This paper proposed a succinct method to identify NLOS induced by walls and mitigate the error for improved UWB positioning with NLOS. First, NLOS is detected by a sliding window method, which can identify approximately 90% of NLOS cases in a harsh indoor environment. Then, a delay model is designed to mitigate the error of the UWB signal propagating through a wall. Finally, all the distance measurements, including LOS and NLOS, are used to calculate the mobile UWB tag position with ordinary least squares (OLS) or weighted least squares (WLS). Experiment results show that with correct NLOS indentation and delay model, the proposed method can achieve positioning accuracy in NLOS environments close to the level of LOS. Compared with OLS, WLS can further optimise the positioning results. Correct NLOS indentation, accurate delay model and proper weights in the WLS are the keys to accurate UWB positioning in NLOS environments.

Initial pH-driven production of volatile fatty acid from hybrid Pennisetum.

In this work, the impact of initial pH on the production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) of hybrid Pennisetum was investigated. The batch experiments were conducted under six distinct beginning pH at a mesophilic temperature. Initial pH had an obvious effect on VFA yield and composition, and severe alkaline circumstances (pHin = 11.0) could boost VFA production and acetic acid selectivity. The highest VFAs yield and acetate proportion were obtained when the initial pH was 11.0, with 518 ± 29 mg g-1VS and 92%. Furthermore, microbial community analysis showed that alkaliphilic acetogenic anaerobe such as Amphibacillus, Tissierella, and Natronincola were the dominant species when the initial pH was 11.0. The Amphibacillus is the main hydrolysis bacterium under these conditions because of its high ability for xylan degradation at pH 9.0-10.0. Because of the increased VFA yield and superior acetic acid selectivity, the results suggest that adjusting the initial pH to 11.0 in batch mode would be possible for scaling-up purposes.

pH-Regulating Nanoplatform for the "Double Channel Chase " of Tumor Cells by the Synergistic Cascade between Chlorine Treatment and Methionine-Depletion Starvation Therapy.

During rapid proliferation and metabolism, tumor cells show a high dependence on methionine. The deficiency of methionine exhibits significant inhibition on tumor growth, which provides a potential therapeutic target in tumor therapy. Herein, ClO2-loaded nanoparticles (fluvastatin sodium&metformin&bupivacaine&ClO2@CaSiO3@MnO2-arginine-glycine-aspatic acid (RGD) (MFBC@CMR) NPs) were prepared for synergistic chlorine treatment and methionine-depletion starvation therapy. After outer layer MnO2 was degraded in the high glutathione (GSH) tumor microenvironment (TME), MFBC@CMR NPs released metformin (Me) to target the mitochondria, thus interfering with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and promoting the production of lactate. In addition, released fluvastatin sodium (Flu) by the NPs acted on monocarboxylic acid transporter 4 (MCT4) in the cell membrane to inhibit lactate leakage and induce a decrease of intracellular pH, further prompting the NPs to release chlorine dioxide (ClO2), which then oxidized methionine, inhibited tumor growth, and produced large numbers of Cl- in the cytoplasm. Cl- could enter mitochondria through the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) channel, which was opened by bupivacaine (Bup). The disruption of Cl- homeostasis promotes mitochondrial damage and membrane potential decline, leading to the release of cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and further inducing cell apoptosis. To sum up, the pH-regulating and ClO2-loaded MFBC@CMR nanoplatform can achieve cascade chlorine treatment and methionine-depletion starvation therapy toward tumor cells, which is of great significance for improving the clinical tumor treatment effect.

A NO/ROS/RNS cascaded-releasing nano-platform for gas/PDT/PTT/immunotherapy of tumors.

Nitric oxide (NO) gas treatment offers a promising strategy for tumor therapy; however, its practical application is still limited due to its poor efficacy and biotoxicity which were caused by gas leakage during blood delivery. Herein, a nano-platform (CMH-OBN) composed of chlorin e6-melanin-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles (Ce6-MNP-HA, CMH) and oxidized bletilla striata polysaccharide microcapsules (Oxi-BSP) carrying NO donors was prepared for responsive and cascaded release of NO, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and its secondary metabolite reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in tumor sites. Melanin not only endowed CMH with good photothermal properties, but also helped Ce6 to produce a large number of ROS under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation. OBN microcapsules, which were sensitive to ROS, can release NO donors under the stimulation of ROS released by CMH nanoparticles under NIR irradiation and can further release NO in the tumor microenvironment (TME) with high expression of glutathione (GSH). NO could further up-regulate soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (sGC-cGMP) signal pathways to relieve hypoxia, thus further enhancing the photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, the cascaded release of ROS and NO could produce RNS with higher lethality, which could sequentially initiate the cellular apoptotic procedure and promote immunotherapy by activating T cells at the tumor sites. More interestingly, the CMH-OBN nano-platform could supply magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and infrared photothermal imaging guidance for tumor therapy. In conclusion, the development of a CMH-OBN nano-platform provides a satisfactory demonstration by combining NO therapy with photothermal therapy (PTT), PDT and immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer.

Image-Guided TME-Improving Nano-Platform for Ca2+ Signal Disturbance and Enhanced Tumor PDT.

Dysfunction of the calcium balancing system and disruption of calcium distribution can induce abnormal intracellular calcium overload, further causing serious damage and even cell death, which provides a potential therapeutic approach for tumor treatment. Herein, a nano-platform, which includes UCNPs-Ce6@RuR@mSiO2 @PL-HA NPs (UCRSPH) and SA-CaO2 nanoparticles, is prepared for improving the tumor micro-environment (TME), Ca2+ signal disturbance as well as enhanced photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT). UCRSPH combined with SA-CaO2 can alter TME and relieve hypoxia of the tumor to realize self-reinforcing PDT under near-IR irradiation (980 nm). The ruthenium red (RuR) in the UCRSPH NPs can be released to the cytoplasm after endocytosis of the nanoparticles, target Ca2+ channel proteins on the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase (SERCA), and mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU). The combined participation of nanoparticles and RuR promotes Ca2+ imbalance and cytoplasmic calcium overload with the assistance of CaO2 , and provides tumor cells higher sensitivity to PDT. Furthermore, the nano-platform also provides fluorescence imaging and calcification computed tomography imaging for in vivo treatment guidance. In conclusion, this image-guided nano-platform show potential for highly specific, efficient combined therapy against tumor cells with minimal side-effects to normal cells by integrating TME improvement, self-reinforcing PDT, and Ca2+ signal disturbance.

Structural insights reveal the effective Spirulina platensis cell wall dissociation methods for multi-output recovery.

In this work, Spirulina platensis cells harvested in the exponential and equilibrium phases with intact and broken cell walls were treated through a set of alkaline or acidic conditions including alkalis and acids, with solutions of pH 0.0-14.0. The effective Spirulina platensis cell wall dissociation methods for multi-output recovery were obtained. SEM and FTIR were applied to characterize the alkaline and acid treatment details, and Spirulina platensis cell wall dissociation mechanisms, via attacks by OH- or H+, were then proposed. Overall, this study highlights the synthesized multi-output algal product in an integrated strategy with ultracellular structural insight and is valuable for understanding the specific roles of attack ions.

Application of a novel thermo-sensitive injectable hydrogel in therapy in situ for drug accurate controlled release.

Local drug injection therapy for tumor site, as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy method, shows important significance in clinical application; however, it obtains unsatisfying therapeutic effect due to the serious toxic and side effect in normal tissues caused by drug diffusion or complexity of the preparation. In this article, the influence factors of the gelling time of traditional Chitosan (CTS) thermo-sensitive hydrogels were analyzed, and the gelling properties were improved significantly, and a thermo-sensitive hydrogel with precisely regulated gelling time was obtained through a green and simple preparation method, and the shortest gelling time (gelling time = 27 ± 2 s) of this hydrogel was 5% of that of the common CTS thermo-sensitive hydrogels. After loaded with different chemotherapy drugs with different pH values (gemctiabin hydrochloride, levofloxacin, and 5-foluorouracil), the hydrogels' gelling performance was not affected, while the gelling time could be shortened by 5-foluorouracil, effectively hindering the drug loss at the early stage of sustained release. in vitro and in vivo experiments proved that precise encapsulation toward tumors with different volumes was achieved by the hydrogels, with minimal damage to surrounding normal tissues and higher utilization of drugs in tumor sites, ultimately achieving better tumor therapeutic effect. In conclusion, the new thermo-sensitive hydrogels with precisely regulated gelling time showed great significance and potential for drug delivery and neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Anaerobic fermentation of hybrid Pennisetum mixed with fruit and vegetable wastes to produce volatile fatty acids.

The production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) via anaerobic fermentation is a new technology that provides a high-value utilization of biomass. This work used hybrid Pennisetum (HP) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) as raw materials to investigate the influence of different ratios of HP to FVW on the production of VFAs under different methanogenic inhibition conditions. It has been shown that both alkaline and neutral conditions (using methanogenic inhibitors), could generate higher acid yields than acidic conditions. Under initial alkaline conditions, mono-fermentation of HP and FVW could obtain maximum VFA yields of 596 ± 22 mg g-1 VS and 626 ± 7 mg g-1 VS, which were higher than those obtained under neutral conditions. In contrast, there was no remarkable difference in VFA yield between alkaline and neutral conditions when co-fermentation of HP and FVW was carried out. The VFA yields decreased significantly with the process of co-fermentation. The maximum VFA yields were decreased by 33.2% and 21.9% when HP was fermented with 15% and 30% of FVW, respectively. There was a clear difference in the composition of VFAs obtained under different initial conditions. The maximum selectivity was achieved under alkaline conditions, where the acetate content reached more than 85%. This study brings a theoretical basis for optimizing the anaerobic fermentation process of lignocellulose to produce VFAs.

Enhanced methane production from anaerobic digestion of hybrid Pennisetum by selectively removing lignin with sodium chlorite.

To enhance the biodegradability and methane production of hybrid Pennisetum, a pretreatment method with high selectivity for lignin removal, namely sodium chlorite/acetic acid (SCA) pretreatment, was examined in this work. Results showed that SCA pretreatment can selectively remove lignin with minimal impact on cellulose and hemicellulose. After up to 200 min of SCA treatment, 79.4% of lignin was removed and over 90% of the holocellulose was retained. The physicochemical changes after pretreatment were analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, showing that the majority of lignin was removed from secondary cell walls and cell middle lamella while the chlorite-resistant lignin remained in the cell corner. Lignin removal significantly enhanced the biodegradability from 59.6% to 86.4% and increased methane production by 38.3%. Energy balance showed that SCA pretreatment was efficient to increase the energy output of hybrid Pennisetum.

Biomimetic hydrogel for rapid and scar-free healing of skin wounds inspired by the healing process of oral mucosa.

Inspired by the wound healing characteristics of the oral mucosa, a biomimetic hydrogel was prepared to realize the rapid and scar-free healing of skin wounds. Through monitoring the healing process of injured oral mucosa, we find out that the combination of high, rapid and sequential expression of some growth factors and the sterile-moist microenvironment are crucial for re-epithelialization and precise control of the inflammation process. On the base of our findings, a hydrogel loaded with several functional compounds was prepared to achieve a comprehensive simulation of the oral mucosal trauma microenvironment for skin wound healing. After 7 days treatment, the skin wound area of the treated group was only about 20% of that of the untreated group, and the proportion of collagen type III and type I in the treated group was much higher than that of the untreated group, suggesting lighter scar hyperplasia. The comprehensive treatment strategy of sequential expression of growth factors in combination with maintaining of a sterile and humid environment is expected to have great application prospect in the field of chronic trauma repair and cosmetic surgery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Long healing time and scar hyperplasia during wound healing have been a serious problem in the past decades of wound healing research. Oral cavity wound healing occurs in an environment that sustains ongoing physical trauma and is rich in bacteria. Despite this, injuries to the mucosal surface often heal faster than cutaneous wounds and leave less noticeable scars. Therefore, in recent years, many scholars have begun to study the healing mechanism of oral mucosa, which supports a new inspiration for the study of skin wound repair: whether the injured skin can achieve a rapid scar-free healing effect similar to oral mucosa? Imitating the biological process of oral mucosa wound healing would be a promising therapeutic strategy in wound healing. Therefore, inspired by the wound healing characteristics of the oral mucosa, a biomimetic gel was prepared to realize the rapid and scar-free healing of skin wounds. Through monitoring the healing process of injured oral mucosa, the combination of high, rapid and sequential expression of some growth factors and sterile-moist microenvironment was crucial for re-epithelialization and precise control of the inflammation process. The comprehensive treatment strategy of sequential expression of growth factors in combination with maintance of a sterile and humid environment implies its potential use in the field of chronic trauma repair and cosmetic surgery.

The use of heparin, bFGF, and VEGF 145 grafted acellular vascular scaffold in small diameter vascular graft.

We aim to test the application of heparin, bFGF, and VEGF 145 grafted acellular vascular scaffold in small diameter vascular graft. The amount of bFGF and VEGF 145 were determined by ELISA. Femoral artery transplantation was performed. Mechanical strength of acellular vascular scaffolds was determined. Angiography was performed for blood vessel patency. Factor VIII and α2-actin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry. bFGF and VEGF 145 had stable release at 60 and 70 days in vitro, and the release rate of VEGF 145 was slightly slower than that of bFGF. After transplantation, 9 months of the vascular patency rate was 100% at 1, 3, and 9 months, and, was up to 90% at 18 months, while the patency rate in group with grafted heparin only at 1-month was 60%, at 3-month was 40%, at 9-month was 15%, and at 18-month was 10%. The blood vessels taken after 18 months had no significant difference in the mechanical properties between the transplanted and the natural vessels. Positive expression of factor VIII and α2-actin was observed. The heparinized and bFGF and VEGF 145 grafted allogeneic vascular acellular scaffolds are preliminarily obtained, which show good biocompatibility and patency and are of great importance for small diameter vascular graft. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 00B: 000-000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 672-679, 2019.