ABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Demographic discrepancies in dental healthcare utilization and access to care have historically been studied and attributed to such factors as socioeconomic status, race, and ethnicity. Such potential discrepancies and contributing factors amongst the Jewish population have been little explore. OBJECTIVE: To examine the frequency of dental visits among Jewish subgroups and explored possible explanatory factors for differences in dental healthcare utilization, such as financial constraints, dental anxiety, religious perspectives on health, lack of perceived need, poor accessibility, and scheduling conflicts. BASIC RESEARCH DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: A religiously diverse non-clinical sample of 169 Jews completed measures on demographics, dental visit frequency, dental anxiety, and general religiousness. RESULTS: On average, Orthodox Jews visit the dentist less often than non-Orthodox Jews (OR = 0.43) and Ultra-Orthodox Jews markedly less (OR = 0.23). Moreover, differences between these groups in dental visits were largely mediated by differences in dental anxiety, poor accessibility, lack of perceived need and scheduling conflicts. CONCLUSION: These results identify a population that is at risk for poor oral health and suggests possible preventive and corrective interventions.
Subject(s)
Dental Care/statistics & numerical data , Healthcare Disparities , Jews , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Appointments and Schedules , Attitude to Health , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dental Anxiety/psychology , Educational Status , Employment , Female , Health Services Accessibility , Health Services Needs and Demand , Humans , Income , Jews/classification , Jews/psychology , Judaism , Marital Status , Middle Aged , Religion and Medicine , Social Class , United States/ethnology , Young AdultABSTRACT
Photoemission from atoms is assumed to occur instantly in response to incident radiation and provides the basis for setting the zero of time in clocking atomic-scale electron motion. We used attosecond metrology to reveal a delay of 21 +/- 5 attoseconds in the emission of electrons liberated from the 2p orbitals of neon atoms with respect to those released from the 2s orbital by the same 100-electron volt light pulse. Small differences in the timing of photoemission from different quantum states provide a probe for modeling many-electron dynamics. Theoretical models refined with the help of attosecond timing metrology may provide insight into electron correlations and allow the setting of the zero of time in atomic-scale chronoscopy with a precision of a few attoseconds.