[Clinico-morphological features of endometrioid disease: adenomyosis, ovarian endometriosis, extragenital endometriosis].

Adenomyosis, ovarian endometriosis and extragenital endometriosis are clinico-pathologic types of one nosologic form as endometrioid disease (ED). ED's clinical presentations are various, but they are essentially characterized by a pain syndrome and disorder of menstrual cycle. The comparative clinico-pathologic analysis of adenomyosis, ovarian endometriosis, and extragenital endometriosis affords to suppose that theirs clinical course, the intensity and character of symptoms, as well as morphogenetic processes are generally determined by the organ localization. Topography of foci, theirs organ localization, morphological and morphofunctional features vary within one type of ED and even within one organ. So the separation of various ED's morphofunctional forms, its clinico-phatological features and intensity of its morphofunctional activity is necessary. All forms of ED have general morphogenesis features including the various form of proliferation, secretion, regression, wave-like courses of dishormonal morphogenetic manifestation within one organ. Typical for all ED's types pathologic synthesis of aromatase cytochrome P-450 promotes the local estrogens synthesis from androgens, transition of endometrioid heterotopias to the quite different level of existence and self-regulation contributing autonomous wave-like chronic ED' clinic course.

[Expression of the major histocompability complex HLA-A2 gene in ovarian cancer].

It has been recently shown that the HLA-A2 gene may be a negative predictor of ovarian cancer in Swedish patients with advanced tumor grades and stages (III and IV). We performed HLA-A2 typing in 69 ovarian cancer patients admitted to some St. Petersburg hospitals. HLA-A2 expression was determined by the PCR/sequence-specific oligonucleotide hybridization test (PCR/SSOP), by extracting DNA from the paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. The purified tissue was disrupted at 55(C in 10% SDS, proteinase K buffer twice. The amount and purity of DNA were measured by the Nano-Drop technology. HLA-A2 frequency from 2 832 healthy St. Petersburg bone marrow donors was used as a control. HLA-A2 was detected in 32.2% of the patients by PCR versus 51% in the healthy St. Petersburg population. Five year survival in our patient group was higher than that in ovarian cancer patients in St. Petersburg, which was 35.7% in general. The difference was statistically insignificant in 5-year survival between our ovarian cancer patients with stages III and IV according to the presence or absence of the HLA-A2 gene. In the cohort of the examinees, HLA-A2 expression does not correlate with prognosis. The selection of these patients for referral to our clinic is a possible explanation of the discrepancy of the rate of clinical stage and HLA-A2 phenotypes.

[Immunoelectron study of RNA polymerase II distribution in human oocyte nuclei]. / Immunoélektronnoe issledovanie raspredeleniia RNK-polimerazy II v iadrakh ootsitov cheloveka.

The intranuclear distribution of two (unphosphorylated and hyperphosphorylated) forms of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) was studied in human oocytes from antral follicles using immunogold labeling/electron microscopy. The distribution of Pol II was as well as to the distribution of two splicing factors (snRNPs and SC-35) in the intranuclear entities, namely, interchromatin granule clusters (IGCs), nucleolus-like bodies (NLBs), and perichromatin fibrils (PFs). The results have shown that 1) antibodies directed against two forms of Pol II have a similar pattern of intranuclear distribution 2) both Pol II and splicing factors progressively accumulate in IGCs with a decrease in the transcriptional activity of the oocyte nucleus, 3) both Pol II and splicing factors are located on PFs, and 4) Pol II is present in the NLBs at all transcriptional states of the oocyte nucleus. The accumulation of Pol II and splicing factors in IGCs, concomitant with a decrease in the transcriptional activity, suggests a coordinated mechanism for the movement of both Pol II and splicing factors from the sites of action to the sites of storage.

[Splicing factors in oocyte nuclei from human antral follicles]. / Faktory splaisinga v iadrakh ootsitov iz antral'nykh follikulov cheloveka.

Three groups of oocytes in the human antral follicules were previously distinguished on the basis of nuclear structures arrangement and 3H-uridine incorporation in the oocyte nuclei revealed by ultrastructural and autoradiographic research (Parfenov et al., 1984, 1989). These groups can be regarded as consecutive states of oocyte development, i. e. active, intermediate and inactive ones. The latter is characterized by compactization of nuclear structures arranged within a limited nuclear volume. The present study concerns the distribution of splicing factors (snRNP and SC35) and p80 coilin in the nuclei of oocytes being at either of the three states. Along with transcription decreasing in oocyte nuclei, reduction of snRNP and SC35 amounts in the karyoplasm was detected. Simultaneously, accumulation of these splicing factors occurred in clusters of interchromatin granules (CIG). snRNP and SC35 are spatially segregated in CIG. snRNP are located within the fibrillar zones of CIG, while SC35 corresponds to the granular component of CIG. CIG are the only structures containing splicing factors in the nuclei of oocytes from the human antral follicules. These nuclei lack typical coiled bodies (CB). Considerable amounts of the marker protein of CB--p80 coilin are revealed in the nucleolus-like bodies (NLB) of human oocyte nuclei. Contrary to the data obtained on the oocytes from the antral follicules of other mammals (Kopecny et al., 1996a, 1996b) NLB in human oocytes do not contain snRNPs and SC35. The present study allows to make the following conclusions: a) splicing factors recruted to the sites of transcription in karyoplasm of oocytes are assembled in CIG when inactivation of transcription takes place; b) CIG in preovulated human oocytes play substantial role in the storage and preservation of splicing factors.

[Anaerobic microflora of patients with suppurative and septic complications after non-hospital abortions]. / Anaérobnaia mikroflora u bol'nykh s gnoino-septicheskimi oslozhneniiami posle vnebol'nichnykh abortov.

Microflora of pathological biosubstrates from 25 patients aged from 18 to 41 years with criminal abortion complications such as sepsis, septic shock, septicemia, and septic pyemia, peritonitis and endometritis of various severity was studied. Obligate anaerobic organisms in association with facultative anaerobes were detected in 84 per cent of the patients. Bacteroids were isolated from operation materials of 36 per cent of the patients. Bacteroids in association with Staphylococcus aureus, peptostreptococci and enterococci were recorded in 16, 8 and 24 per cent of the patients, respectively. Composition of the anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microflora was analyzed in the patients with local and general infections. Antibiotic sensitivity assay of the bacteroids showed that rifampicin, metronidazole, levomycetin (chloramphenicol) and clindamycin were the most active drugs. The use of anaerobic techniques enabled to demonstrate that in patients with purulent septic complications of criminal abortion there prevailed anaerobic-aerobic associations. The results should be considered in treatment of gynecological patients with purulent septic infections.

[Nuclear ultrastructure of the oocytes from human antral follicles. Formation of the karyosphere]. / Ul'trastruktura iadra ootsitov iz polostnykh follikulov cheloveka. Formirovanie kariosfery.

The organization of the nucleus in the oocytes from human antral follicles was examined at the electron microscopic level. At this time all the chromosomes are aggregated around an inactivated nucleolus forming a karyosphere 5-7 micron in diameter. The nucleolus bears no granular component and consists of densely packed delicate fibrillar material. The peripheral zone resembling a ring 0.5 micron thick is separated in the nucleolus. Nucleolus-like bodies (NLB), consisting of granules 20 nm in diameter embedded in finely fibrillar material, are constantly observed in contact with the chromatin. The eventually formed karyosphere is a complex of intimately interconnecting structures--the nucleolus, chromosomes and NLB. However, the chromatin surrounding the nucleolus does not form a continuous (compact) mass as it is observed at the light microscopic level. It is determined that the human karyosphere is formed during the preovulatory period when the connection between oocyte and follicular cells of cumulus oophorus is lost. The duration of karyosphere existence in the human oocytes, and relation of the karyosphere to the processes of antral follicle atresia are discussed.