[Present-day course of vitamin B 12 deficiency anemia]. / O sovremennom techenii B12-defitsitnoi anemii.

By recent data, B12-deficiency anemia occurs in 14% of overall anemia cases. It arises mostly from gastrointestinal lesions, atrophic gastritis being the main etiological factor. Common clinical signs of the disease (glossitis, nervous disturbances, hemolysis) manifest in only 10-23% of the patients, hematological evidence of pancytopenia is registered in about half of the cases. The early diagnosis may be established with spinal puncture. That of the iliac bone tubera is a method of choice in elderly subjects.

[Lymphopoietic characteristics in acute hypobaric hypoxia]. / Osobennosti limfopoéza pri ostroi gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

10 healthy men were examined, that underwent a 48 hours hypobaric (acute) hypoxia in the climate chamber "Tabai", with conditions corresponding to those at an altitude of 4,000 m. The "ascent" and "descent" were performed correspondingly within 30 minutes. Increased share of dying lymphocytes and frequency of chromosomal aberrations in these were found in addition to an elevated activity of nucleolar organizers and to changed morphological patterns of argentophilic nucleoli. T- and B-lymphocyte contents remained unchanged. The role of the lymphopoietic alterations in autoimmune complications and of hemopoietic disorders in the mountains is discussed.

[Changes in the characteristics of human granulo- and monocytopoiesis and the activity of stromal precursor cells in acute hypobaric hypoxia]. / Izmenenie kharakteristik granulo- i monotsitopoéza i aktivnosti stromal'nykh kletok-predshestvennikov u cheloveka pri ostroi gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

10 healthy men underwent a 48 hour acute hypobaric hypoxia in the "Tabai" climate chamber imitating conditions of an altitude of 4.00 m. above s.l. The "ascent" and "descent" took 30 minutes each. Blood and bone marrow samples were taken before entering the chamber and immediately after leaving it. A decrease in colony-forming capacity of granulo- and monocyte and fibroblast precursors was shown, along with an increase in functional activity of circulating monocytes and monocyte precursors in bone marrow. A possible role of changes in granulo- and monocytopoiesis and in stromal cells is discussed in relation to the increased morbidity and decreased cicatricial and bone tissue reparation in the mountains.

[Radionuclide study of liver function in polycythemia vera and other types of polycythemia]. / Radionuklidnoe issledovanie funktsii pecheni pri istinnoi politsitemii i nekotorykh vidakh poliglobulii.

Clinico-laboratory and radionuclide (radio-hepatography with 131I-rose bengal and liver scanning with 198Au colloid solution) investigation of liver function was performed in 110 patients with polycythemia vera during exacerbation, in 16 patients with symptomatic erythrocytosis (10--chronic pulmonary disease, 3--polycystic kidney, 2--obesity, 1--peptic ulcer), and in 11 patients with a polycythemic form of myelofibrosis. The results of the radionuclide method showed disturbed liver function in 51 (46.3%) patients with polycythemia, in 4 patients with myelofibrosis and in 3 with erythrocytosis which were characterized by a decrease in hepatocytic absorptive-excretory function and a decrease in the activity of the reticulo-histiocytic stroma. Liver changes depended on a stage of disease and were detected earlier than with the use of biochemical methods. As distinct from erythrocytes, one-type disorders were noted in the patients with myelofibrosis. Correlation in the lever of RP accumulation in the spleen, its sizes and stage of disease was established. Liver function returned to normal after cytostatic therapy in the patients with stage IIA polycythemia, partially IIB stage, during remission.

[Chromosomal study of polycythemia during different stages of the disease]. / Issledovanie khromosom pri politsitemii v dinamike zabolevaniia.

A cytogenetic analysis of blood and bone marrow cells of 15 polycythemia vera patients was carried out at different stages of disease during the G-banding technique. Chromosome aberrations of single character were noted before treatment only in one case, i.e. with the patient at stage II of disease. Cell clones with marker chromosomes were revealed in 6 of 9 patients examined in the course of treatment at stages II and III. The cytogenetic analysis was applied to the terminal stage of polycythemia (blast crisis) in one case, when 3 aberrant clones with multiple quantitative and structural chromosome rearrangements were discovered in blood cell cultures with and without PHA. No preferential involvement of definite chromosomes in aberrations was noticed in all the cases examined, no deletion of the 20q --chromosome being discovered. The role of the treatment in the induction of chromosome aberrations is discussed in addition to its dependence on the stage of disease. It is possible that all the clones of pathological character may appear during the long-termed course of polycythemia in patients treated at more serious stages of the disease.

[Malignant neoplasms in leukemias]. / Zlokachestvennye novoobrazovaniia pri leikozakh.

The paper presents an evaluation of 1.236 cases of different forms of leukemia. Malignant tumors of different localizations were identified in 21 cases (1.7%). Neoplasms were most frequently associated with chronic lymphoid leukemia (4%), followed by osteomyelosclerosis (1.3%), chronic myeloleukemia (1%), polycythemia (0.9%) and acute leukemia (0.44%). A case of chronic myeloleukemia with concomitant myelosarcoma, thyroid cancer, malignant tumor of kidney and cortical adenoma is presented. The role of immunological disorders and cytostatic therapy in the genesis of "secondary" tumor are discussed.