ABSTRACT
Using the Escherichia coli-Tetrahymena pyriformis system, we revealed the involvement of bacterial antihistone activity and protozoan histones in interactions between pro- and eukaryotic microorganisms. Antihistone activity enhanced the viability of E. coli in association with T. pyriformis, according to our data on the dynamics of E. coli cell numbers. The strain with antihistone activity induced incomplete phagocytosis in the infusorians, resulting in cytological changes and ultrastructural alterations that indicated the retention of bacterial cells in phagosomes. Bacteria with antihistone activity located in the T. pyriformis cytoplasm influenced the eukaryotic nucleus. This manifested itself in macronucleus decompactization and a decrease in the average histone content in the population of infusorians. The data obtained suggest that protozoan histone inactivation by bacteria is one of the mechanisms involved in prokaryote persistence in associations with eukaryotic microorganisms.
Subject(s)
Escherichia coli/growth & development , Histones/physiology , Tetrahymena pyriformis/chemistry , Tetrahymena pyriformis/microbiology , Animals , Colony Count, Microbial , Phagocytosis , Phagosomes/microbiologyABSTRACT
The analysis on clinical material and the use of experimental models allowed to prove the role of anticarnosine activity of staphylococci in their persistence. Light and electronic microscopy revealed large destruction of ultrastructural eukaryote components and decreased proliferative activity in animals challenged with strains characterized by high anticarnosine activity. Adaptive mechanisms, providing dynamic equilibrium in "eukaryote--prokaryote" system, are described.
Subject(s)
Biological Factors/metabolism , Carnosine/antagonists & inhibitors , Carnosine/metabolism , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcaceae/metabolism , Adolescent , Animals , Carnosine/analysis , Child , Humans , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred CBA , Rats , Staphylococcaceae/growth & development , Staphylococcaceae/pathogenicity , VirulenceABSTRACT
The ecological and morphological analysis of reorganization processes in the cell and tissue structures of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems in rats under the conditions of their prolonged symbiotic interactions with staphylococci (in the body of rats as a whole, as well as on the model of organotypic cultures in diffusion chambers in vivo) was carried out with the use of light and electron microscopy, radioautography and morphometry. The morphological equivalents of phenotypic reactions in the cell elements of the mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive systems (epitheliocytes, leimyocytes, endotheliocytes, macrophages and fibroblasts) under the conditions of staphylococcus persistence were revealed. Adaptive and reactive shifts in eukaryotic cells were manifested by an increased volume of nuclei and greater proportion of euchromatin and a decreased DNA-synthetic and proliferative activity. Microorganisms located inside the cells underwent ultrastructural reorganization.
Subject(s)
Bronchi/microbiology , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Nasal Mucosa/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/pathology , Staphylococcus aureus/physiology , Adaptation, Physiological , Animals , Autoradiography , Bronchi/pathology , DNA/biosynthesis , Diffusion Chambers, Culture , Disease Models, Animal , Euchromatin/metabolism , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Mucous Membrane/microbiology , Mucous Membrane/pathology , Nasal Mucosa/pathology , Rats , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , SymbiosisABSTRACT
Morphological changes in the cells of the mucous membrane of the tracheo-bronchial system and in staphylococci under the conditions of intratracheal infection were studied. Different forms of interaction between the host cell and staphylococci, reflecting the organ specific properties and a wide range of compensation and adaptation reactions of eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells were revealed with the use of electron microscopy.
Subject(s)
Bronchi/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/pathology , Staphylococcal Infections/pathology , Staphylococcus aureus , Trachea/pathology , Animals , Bronchi/microbiology , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Organ Specificity , Rats , Respiratory Mucosa/microbiology , Respiratory Mucosa/pathology , Respiratory Tract Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/ultrastructure , Trachea/microbiologyABSTRACT
To define the range of histio- and organotypical capacities of rat soft palatine and bronchial epithelia, and to elucidate the nature of the effect of neuroendocrine factors of hypothalamic paraventricular factors upon them, the experiments were conducted by co-culturing mucosal fragments of oral and pharyngeal surfaces of soft palate and bronchi with the paraventricular nuclei-containing hypothalamic fragments using in vivo F.M. Lazarenko method. Soft palatine and bronchial epithelia were found to have similar histoblastic properties. The stimulating effect of hypothalamic factors, released paraventricular nuclei, on the processes of regeneration of epithelia and of connective tissue was noted.
Subject(s)
Bronchi/ultrastructure , Neuropeptides/metabolism , Palate, Soft/ultrastructure , Regeneration , Animals , Bronchi/physiology , Bronchi/transplantation , Epithelium/physiology , Epithelium/transplantation , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Male , Microscopy, Electron , Organ Culture Techniques/methods , Palate, Soft/physiology , Palate, Soft/transplantation , Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/metabolism , Rats , Transplantation, AutologousABSTRACT
The paper presents the results of light, atomic-force, and electron microscopic studies of prokaryotes (various Staphylococcus aureus strains) and eukaryotes (Rat digestive and respiratory cells and tissues) in in vivo and in vivo interactions. It is concluded that hypothalamic nonapeptides play a modulating role in the persistence and symbiotic relations in the bacterium-host system and regulate cellular and tissue homeostasis through reparative histogenesis.
Subject(s)
Eukaryotic Cells/metabolism , Eukaryotic Cells/microbiology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Hypothalamus/microbiology , Oxytocin/metabolism , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Animals , Male , RatsABSTRACT
The role of hypothalamic nonapeptides in the interaction of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells was studied in the experimental setting. Nonapeptides were found to stimulate the adaptive and regenerative properties of eukaryotic cells and they are likely to have an antimicrobic effect on prokaryotic ones. The paper discusses the modulating role of nonapeptides in the establishment of symbiotic relations in the bacterial agent-host system.
Subject(s)
Eukaryotic Cells/physiology , Hypothalamus/metabolism , Prokaryotic Cells/physiology , Vasopressins/physiology , Animals , Eukaryotic Cells/ultrastructure , Humans , Phagocytosis/physiology , Prokaryotic Cells/ultrastructureABSTRACT
The influence of carnosine on the morphofunctional state of mucosal cells of the soft palate of rats in experimental staphylococcal infection has been studied. Morphological changes in muscular and connective tissue cells of the mucosa of the soft palate of rats have been found to occur. The suppressive effect of carnosine with respect to the pathogen and its positive influence on the processes of the regeneration of eukaryotic tissues.
Subject(s)
Carnosine/therapeutic use , Dipeptides/therapeutic use , Mouth Mucosa/drug effects , Palate, Soft/drug effects , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Animals , Cells, Cultured , Connective Tissue/drug effects , Connective Tissue/microbiology , Connective Tissue/pathology , Morphogenesis/drug effects , Mouth Mucosa/microbiology , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects , Muscle, Skeletal/microbiology , Muscle, Skeletal/pathology , Palate, Soft/microbiology , Palate, Soft/pathology , Rats , Regeneration/drug effects , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effectsABSTRACT
The anticarnosine activity has been found to be widely spread among bacteria, the degree of its manifestation depending on the source of isolation. The fact that anticarnosine activity plays a certain role in the phenomenon of persistence has been proved on the model of experimental staphylococcal infection in rats.
Subject(s)
Bacteria/pathogenicity , Carnosine/antagonists & inhibitors , Dipeptides/antagonists & inhibitors , Animals , Epithelial Cells/cytology , Epithelial Cells/drug effects , Epithelial Cells/microbiology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Escherichia coli/metabolism , Escherichia coli/pathogenicity , Escherichia coli Infections/drug therapy , Escherichia coli Infections/metabolism , Escherichia coli Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella Infections/drug therapy , Klebsiella Infections/metabolism , Klebsiella Infections/microbiology , Klebsiella pneumoniae/drug effects , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolation & purification , Klebsiella pneumoniae/metabolism , Klebsiella pneumoniae/pathogenicity , Nasal Mucosa/cytology , Nasal Mucosa/drug effects , Nasal Mucosa/microbiology , Rats , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcal Infections/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/metabolism , Staphylococcus aureus/pathogenicity , Staphylococcus epidermidis/drug effects , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus epidermidis/metabolism , Staphylococcus epidermidis/pathogenicityABSTRACT
Processes of the development and growth of the soft palate mucosas in ontogenesis and also proliferation, growth and differentiation of epithelial structures were studied in the experiment. The epithelium of the soft palate nasal surface was established to be more labile and to be characterized with polymorphism forming single-layer and pseudostratified structures. Under these conditions the oral surface epithelium keeps stratified structures firmly. On the basis of discovered differences of the epithelium biological qualities a suggestion is made on the different genetic origin of epithelial tissues of mucosas of the soft palate oral and pharyngeal surfaces.