Do ternary liquid mixtures exhibit negative main Fick diffusion coefficients?

Experimental data on Fick diffusion coefficients of ternary and higher mixtures depend on the reference frame; those which are in common use are associated with the average velocity either with respect to volume, mass or mole number. In this study, the dependence of diffusion coefficients on the reference frame is thoroughly analyzed for three ternary mixtures of different types. The first one, tetralin-isobutylbenzene-dodecane, can almost be considered as ideal, the second one, cyclohexane-toluene-methanol, exhibits liquid-liquid phase separation and the third one, water-ethanol-triethylene glycol, contains three associating species and is also strongly non-ideal. Experimental diffusion coefficient data sampled in the volume reference frame are transformed to the molar and mass reference frames. The required partial molar volumes are derived from present density measurements. Four additional mixtures are considered along a single or two composition paths. A highlight of this study is the existence of a strong similarity of the main diffusion coefficients in the volume and mass reference frames for all considered mixtures. When the excess volume is small, the coefficients in the molar reference frame are also similar. However, for the mixture with a large excess volume (containing water), the diffusion coefficients in the molar reference frame differ significantly, even indicating negative main diffusion coefficients. It is shown that negative main diffusion coefficients appear due to relatively large experimental uncertainties of cross diffusion coefficients, which are propagated and amplified by frame transformation.

Influence of Magnetic Field on the Mobility of Aromatic Chiral Molecules.

The influence of magnetic fields on the properties of chiral molecules is of great interest nowadays. This work presents an (1)H NMR study of the mobility of 1-phenylethanol and 1-phenyl-1-propanol molecules in pure forms and in chirally polarized mixtures in external magnetic fields. Molecular mobility is shown to be dependent on the strength of the external magnetic field and chiral mixing. It could be assumed that the mobility changes are caused by rotational and magnetic interactions between induced magnetic moments of the aromatic molecules and the external magnetic field; intermolecular interactions are also essential. The results are important for the tasks related to enantiomer separation.

[Comorbidity of depressive disorders and coronary heart disease: general aspects of pathogenesis].

AIM: The high level of comorbidity of coronary heart disease (CHD) and depressive disorders and general aspects of their pathogenesis is an actual problem of modern research. Authors studied the content of cholesterol, platelet serotonin, platelet aggregation, activity of pro-inflammatory markers in CHD patients with comorbid depressive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 76 patients with CAD. The diagnosis of depressive disorder was set according to ICD-10, The Hamilton depression scales was used. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Depressive disorders in CHD patients were associated with an increase in the activity of pro-inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), and with high levels of low density lipoproteins. In patients with CAD and depressive disorders with high contents of platelet serotonin, the level of cholesterol was higher compared to those with low contents of serotonin. No significant differences in the functional platelet activity were identified in patients with CAD and comorbid depression compared to patients without mood disorders.

Abnormal difference between the mobilities of left- and right-twisted conformations of C6H12N2 roto-symmetrical molecules at very low temperatures.

We report an abnormal difference of low-temperature mobility of left-twisted and right-twisted conformations of roto symmetric molecules C6H12N2 (dabco) located in the same positions in crystal Zn2(C8H4O4)2⋅C6H12N2. The difference between (1)H NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) spin-relaxation data for left-twisted and right-twisted molecules reaches ∼3 × 10(3) times at 8 K and tends to grow at lower temperatures. We argue that taking into account four-component relativistic Dirac wave functions in the vicinity of the nodal plane of dabco molecules and vacuum fluctuations due to virtual particle-antiparticle pairs can explain the changes which C6H12N2 conformations undergo at low temperatures.

NMR study of localization and mobility of 1-phenylethanol enantiomers in homochiral metal-organic sorbent Zn2(bdc)(S-lac)(dmf).

Structural features of localization of chiral isomers of 1-phenylethanol (R-PhEtOH and S-PhEtOH) and their mobility activation in homochiral metal-organic [Zn2 (bdc)(S-lac)(dmf)] sorbent were studied with (1)H and (13)C NMR methods. (13)C NMR chemical shifts do not show obvious advantage of selective interaction of molecule guests. But activation molecular mobility of S-PhEtOH and R-PhEtOH clearly indicates that stabilization of [Zn2(bdc)(S-lac)(dmf)]·S-PhEtOH structure is more preferable than stabilization of [Zn2 (bdc)(S-lac)(dmf)]·R-PhEtOH structure.

Chirality-related interactions and a mirror symmetry violation in handed nano structures.

Hindering of inversion transitions and a violation of mirror symmetry of the right- and left-handed configurations of diazabizyclooctane (dabco, N2C6H12) enantiomers has been studied with low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry. The dabco molecules were sandwiched in a high-porous layered structure of a metal organic framework (MOF) compound. We show from the data of low-temperature adiabatic calorimetry and (1)H NMR spin relaxation method that hindering of inversion transitions of dabco molecules cannot be associated with the influence of the intracrystalline self-consistent molecular field as a continuously monitoring environment within the quantum Zeno effect. In addition, lack of another manifestation of this effect associated with the collisional suppression of the inversion transitions in MOF samples impregnated by helium has been shown. These results lead to the conclusion that chiral polarization is related to the fundamental effect of parity nonconservation.

[Comorbide somatic pathology in servicemen with neurotic disorders].

Prevalence and structure of comorbidity a somatic pathology in military men with neurotic disorders was studied. It was established that 40,4% of surveyed noted concomitant somatic pathology, the structure of which was dominated by gastro-intestinal tract (26,8%), and pathology of the cardiovascular system (21,6%). It is shown that concomitant somatic pathology provided aggravating effect on clinic neurotic disorders in serviceman, making it difficult to diagnose mental disorders. The greatest risk concomitant a somatic pathology was marked in patients with depressive and somatoform disorders. Indicates the need for specialized standards of care for persons with comorbid mental and somatic disorders.

[Organization of medical genetic service in Russia].

Short history of the development of medical genetic service in Russia from the 1960s till now is described. Analysis of many orders of the Ministry of Health of USSR and Russia was performed which shows how separate components of the service were designed and integrated into the efficacious genetic counseling system. All of them were supported by educational programs. The important contribution made by professor Nikolai Bochkov to the creation of genetic service in Russia especially at the early stages is underlined.

[Algorithm of anxiety-depressive disorders detection in patients with coronary heart disease in general clinical practice].

AIM: To estimate a diagnostic algorithm for anxiodepressive disorders (ADD) in coronary patients in general therapeutic practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 163 coronary patients were examined using Seattle, Moriski and Green, Hospital questionnaires for anxiety and depression. Patients with clinical and subclinical anxiety and/or depression by Hospital testing responded to Hamilton anxiety and depression questionnaire. An analysis of clinical, anamnestic and socioeconomic parameters was made to create a multifactor model for ADD detection in coronary patients basing on the method of multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: A model of ADD dependence Z = -3.446 x [presence or absence of anxiety and/or depression in the past]-2.451 x [presence or absence of stress for a year] - 2.452 x [drinking alcohol or rejection of alcohol] + 0.071 x [the disease perception in percent from Seattle angina questionnaire]. In certain combination of responses (presence or absence of parameters) and digital result in 7 combinations the patients can be diagnosed to have ADD. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic algorithm proposed helps ADD detection in coronary patients in general therapeutic practice without participation of psychotherapists and medical psychologists.

[Use of SNP markers developed for allopolyploid wheat].

In this work, we analyzed 54 domestic cultivars of hexaploid (common) wheat Triticum aestivum L. (AABBDD genome) and accessions of tetraploid wheats of the Timopheevi group (AAGG) and rye Secale cereale (RR) using 21 SNP markers for common wheat. It was demonstrated that application of the SNP markers developed and verified for particular common wheat cultivars in allele-specific PCR analysis of other cultivars with different geographic origins could lead to an incorrect estimation of the similarity between the genotypes tested. The studied SNP markers of common wheat are inappropriate for analyzing genomes of other cereal species, in particular, Timopheevi wheats and rye S. cereale.

Electronic Switch in the Carbon-Centered [Re(12)CS(17)(CN)(6)] Nanocluster.

An abrupt change in internuclear Re-Re distances between {Re(6)} subunits in the carbon-centered [Re(12)mu(6)-CS(17)(CN)(6)](n-) complexes caused by the change of the oxidation state (n = 6, 8) is first theoretically shown to be possibly controlled by an external electric field. (13)C NMR signal is shown to change over ~400 ppm (~37G) for mu(6)-C atom together with n. Thereby, the metal cluster [Re(12)mu(6)-CS(17)(CN)(6)](n-) can be considered as a perspective model of a molecular switch.

Unexpected ligand substitutions in the cluster core {Re6Se8}: synthesis and structure of the novel cluster compound Cs11(H3O)[Re6Se4(O)4Cl6]3.4H2O.

The compound Cs11(H3O)[Re6Se4(O)4Cl6]3.4H2O containing a novel cluster core {Re6Se4(O)4} with ordered ligands, where the 4 positions of one face of a Se4(O)4 cube are occupied exclusively by Se atoms and 4 O atoms lie in the opposite face was synthesized via the interaction of solid Re6Se8Br2 with molten KOH.

[Integrated population genetic and medical genetic study of two raions of the Tver oblast]. / Kompleksnoe populiatsionno- i mediko-geneticheskoe issledovanie naseleniia dvukh raionov Tverskoi oblasti.

An integrated medical genetic an population genetic study has been performed in two raions (administrative districts) of the Tver oblast (region) of Russia: the Udomlya raion located in the zone affected by the Kalininskaya Nuclear Power Plant and the Ostashkov raion, which served as a control district. No significant differences has been found with respect to the genetic parameters studied. The values of these parameters in the populations of the town of Udomlya, the town of Ostashkov, the Udomlya raion, and the Ostashkov raion, respectively, are the following: random inbreeding, 0.00006, 0.00011, 0.000167, and 0.000366; endogamy index, 0.05, 0.43, 0.30, and 0.42; local inbreeding, 0.0003, 0.00045, 0.0009, and 0.0011; the degree of isolation by distance, 0.0003, 0.00045, 0.0009, and 0.0005; sigma, 2098, 1338, 1473, and 1189; the load of autosomal dominant (AD) diseases, 0.71, 0.92, 0.92, and 1.37; the load of autosomal recessive (AR) diseases, 0.68, 0.69, 0.67, and 0.82; and the load of X-linked diseases, 0.18, 0.64, 0.83, and 0.27.

125Te NMR tomography of [Re6] cluster in Re6Te15 and related cluster compounds.

The static and magic angle spinning NMR solid-state spectra of Re6Te15 and a series of Re(6)-Te cluster compounds demonstrate the positive and negative 125Te NMR chemical shifts indicating that the [Re6] cluster distorts strongly magnetic field at the neighboring Te sites. The local magnetic field is decreased at the facial tellurium sites (Teface) and enhanced at the apexial tellurium sites (Teapex). The facial and sagittal sections of the Re(6)-Te clusters were reconstructed from analysis of Teface and Teapex NMR spectra, respectively.

[Genomic organization and chromosomal localization of a new repeat MS7, specific for heterochromatin of sex chromosomes in Microtus species voles of the arvalis group]. / Genomnaia organizatsiia i khoromosomnaia lokalizatsiia novogo povtora MS7, spetsifichnogo dlia geterokhromatina polovykh khromosom u polevok roda Microtus gruppy arvalis.

The tandemly arranged MS4 repeat with monomeric units of 4.1 kb is species-specifically distributed in heterochromatin of sex chromosomes of four common vole species of genus Microtus, group arvalis [1, 2]. In this work, we studied the genomic organization of the MS4 homolog in euchromatin of the X chromosome of M. arvalis. It has been shown by analyzing the phage genomic clones that one MS4 copy makes a part of a monomeric unit exceeding 8.5 kb that also includes a new MS7 repeat and, possibly, LINE fragments. MS7 is located together with MS4 in heterochromatin of common vole sex chromosomes, but in a substantially lesser amount. Probably, as a result of an evolutionary transition of an original repeat from euchromatin of the X chromosome to heterochromatin of the Y chromosome, MS4 underwent multiple amplification, and MS7 spread throughout heterochromatin, being surrounded by the MS4 tandem arrays.

[Hereditary cancer: identification, genetic heterogeneity, medico-genetic consult]. / Nasledstvennyi rak: identifikatsiia, geneticheskaia geterogennost', mediko-geneticheskoe konsul'tirovanie.

The paper deals with a role of inherited factors responsible for the occurrence of malignant tumors. Inherited types of cancer are shown to occur virtually at its sites and averaged 5-15%. Formalized criteria for identifying inherited cancer diseases and their etiological and genetic heterogeneity are presented. A role of genes that genetically predispose to particular forms of cancer is shown, which allows for early (preclinical) diagnosis and prevention of cancer diseases.

[Genetic epidemiological study of populations in three regions of Chuvashia Republic]. / Genetiko-épidemiologicheskoe izuchenie naseleniia trekh raionov Respubliki Chuvashiia.

Comprehensive population genetic and medical genetic studies were performed in three raions (districts) of Chuvashia. The population of these districts is more than 90% Chuvash. About 70% of the families that completed reproduction had two or three children. The proportion of families with four or more children was 18%. The duration of generation was 27.6 years. The differential fertility and differential mortality indices in the Chuvash population were estimated at 0.33 and 0.076, respectively. The total index of differential selection was 0.403, which is typical of modern urbanized populations. Mean values of local inbreeding calculated from Malecot's model of isolation by distance were 0.00124 and 0.00377 for the urban and rural populations, respectively, of the districts studied. The prevalence rates of autosomal dominant (AD), autosomal recessive (AR), and X-linked diseases were found to be 0.47, 0.52, and 0.35 per 1000, respectively, in the urban population and 1.62, 1.14, and 0.31 per 1000, respectively, in the rural population. Significant correlation between the local inbreeding and prevalence rates of AD and AR diseases was found. A total of 43 AD and 43 AR diseases were identified. Some of them were not found in previous studies on other populations.

[Clinical efficacy of carvedilol in patients with severe cardiac insufficiency]. / Klinicheskaia éffektivnost' karvedilola u bol'nykh s tiazheloi serdecnoi nedostatochnost'iu.

AIM: To assess clinical response to carvedilol in long-term treatment of cardiac failure (CF). MATERIAL AND METHODS: 34 patients with CF (NYHA functional class III-IV) were observed for 6 months. 25 of them received standard therapy combined with carvedilol, 9 patients received only standard therapy. RESULTS: Carvedilol produced positive changes in the disease functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, stabilisation of echo-CG parameters and cardiothoracic index, resulted in prolongation of 6-min walk distance. Discontinuation of carvedilol therapy enhances CF symptoms. CONCLUSION: Long-term therapy with carvedilol inhibits CF progression.