Design and demonstration of high-power density infrared nonlinear filtering window with EM shielding.

Directional energy weapons such as high-power microwaves and high-energy lasers pose a huge threat to optoelectronic detection systems. With that in mind, we designed an infrared optical window that has a nonlinear optical response to high-energy lasers and electromagnetic shielding to microwaves. By constructing a periodic metal circular hole array structure at the subwavelength scale, surface plasmons resonance is excited and its local field enhanced characteristics are utilized to form information transmission compatibility in the infrared band. At the same time, after laser etching off the subwavelength structure, the remaining metal forms a continuous conductive structure, forming an ultra-wideband shielding layer to achieve ultra-high and wide protection in the microwave band. Moreover, a layer of Ge2Sb2Te5 thin film was deposited between the transparent substrate and the metal film. Utilizing its nonlinear optical properties of high-temperature phase transition to reduce damage of directed energy weapons to the photoelectric detection system and equipment. Thus, when the photoelectric detection system or device is damaged or interfered by signals of different frequency bands or energies, the filtering window can achieve multi-mode shielding function.

Spin Hall effect of transversely spinning light.

Light carries spin angular momentum, which, in the free space, is aligned to the direction of propagation and leads to intriguing spin Hall phenomena at an interface. Recently, it was shown that a transverse-spin (T-spin) state could exist for surface waves at an interface or for bulk waves inside a judiciously engineered metamaterial, with the spin oriented perpendicular to the propagation direction. Here, we demonstrate the spin Hall effect for transversely spinning light-a T-spin-induced beam shift at the interface of a metamaterial. It is found that the beam shift takes place in the plane of incidence, in contrast to the well-known Imbert-Fedorov shifts. The observed T-spin-induced beam shift is of geometrodynamical nature, which can be rendered positive or negative controlled by the orientation of T-spin of the photons. The unconventional spin Hall effect of light found here provides a previously unexplored mechanism for manipulating light-matter interactions at interfaces.

Protective Effect of Total Ginsenoside Ginseng Root on Learning and Memory Impairment and Anxiety in Rats Induced by Hindlimb Suspension / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To investigate the effect of total ginsenoside ginseng root on the learning and memory impairment and anxiety of hindlimb suspension rats by detecting the performance of rats in the water maze， elevated plus maze， and the expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis， inflammatory factors and tryptophan pathway related factors through the intervention of ginsenosides in hindlimb suspension rats. Method:The Wistar male rats were divided into normal group， hindlimb suspension model group， Huperzine A group （0.1 mg·kg^-1）， and total ginsenoside ginseng root low and high dose groups （100， 200 mg·kg^-1）， with 8 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in the other groups maintained a -30° hindlimb suspension state for 24 h. The normal group and the model group received intragastric administration of 10 mL·kg^-1 pure water . After 28 days of continuous administration， the water maze and elevated plus maze behavioral tests were performed. After the tests， blood was taken from the abdominal aorta， and the rat brain cortex was peeled off on ice， quenched with liquid nitrogen， and stored at -80 ℃ for later use. LC-MS/MS was used to detect neurotransmitter levels of dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamate， <italic>γ</italic>-aminobutyric acid and tryptophan pathway metabolites （tryptophan， 5-hydroxytryptamine， 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid， kynurenine， 3-hydroxykynurenine， and kynurenine） in rat brain cortex. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-10 （IL-10， the HPA axis-related hormone corticotropin （ACTH）， and the level of corticosterone （CORT）. Result:Compared with the normal group， the escape latency in the water maze significantly increased， the number of crossings was significantly reduced， and the number of open-arm entry and the percentage of open-arm entry were significantly reduced in the elevated plus maze in model group （<italic>P</italic><0.05，<italic> P</italic><0.01）， the content of dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamic acid， and <italic>γ</italic>-aminobutyric acid in the cortex decreased， kynurenine and kynurenic acid showed an upward trend， 3-hydroxykynurenine， 5-hydroxytryptamine， 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid showed a downward trend， and the levels of IL-6， IL-10， ACTH， and CORT in the serum significantly increased （<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Compared with the model group of rats， total ginsenoside ginseng root low and high dose groups group reduced the avoidance latency in the water maze， and increased the number of crossings and the number of open arms of the elevated plus maze， dopamine， acetylcholine， glutamate， and <italic>γ</italic>-aminobutyl content increased， while kynurenine and kynurenic acid showed a downward trend， 3-hydroxykynurenine， serotonin， and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid showed an upward trend， and IL-6， IL-10， ACTH， and CORT factor levels were down-regulated（<italic>P</italic><0.05， <italic>P</italic><0.01）. Conclusion:Hindlimb suspension for 28 days in simulated microgravity can impair the learning and memory ability of rats and cause anxiety-like behaviors. Total ginsenoside ginseng root can improve their learning and memory impairment and anxiety-like behaviors. The mechanism may be mainly related to inhibiting body inflammation and regulating HPA axis imbalance.

Two Cases of Lead Poisoning After Taking Herb Pills, Hwangdan (Red Lead)

Acute lead encephalopathy in a 5-year-old boy and asymptomatic lead poisoning in a 7- year-old boy were developed after taking about 2 to 3 grams of the herb pills named Hwa. ngdan (Red Lead) a day for 2 months. Whole blood lead level was 135microgram/100ml in acute lead encephalopathy and 42 microgram/100ml in asymptomatic lead poisoning.