ABSTRACT
AIM: The role of oxidative damage to DNA due to hyperglycemia is well known. In the current study we have evaluated the induction of micronuclei due to increased glycosylation in type 2 diabetes. METHODS: Forty-nine subjects divided into two groups of normoglycemic controls and type 2 diabetic cases were recruited in the study. Whole blood was cultured and micronuclei were scored in all the cases. This was correlated with age, sex, blood glucose levels and glycosylated hemoglobin. RESULTS: Age and sex matched diabetic patients had an increased micronuclei frequency in response to elevated glycosylation of hemoglobin (R(2)=0.229, p=0.037) compared to normoglycemic subjects. CONCLUSION: The increased glycosylation seems to induce oxidative damage in the DNA of the diabetic patients, which manifests as an increased micronuclei frequency. This has a potential to be used as a biomarker for subsequent diabetic complications.
Subject(s)
DNA Damage , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Glycated Hemoglobin/metabolism , Hyperglycemia/genetics , Micronuclei, Chromosome-Defective , Oxidative Stress , Biomarkers/blood , Blood Glucose/metabolism , DNA Damage/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Female , Glycosylation , Humans , Hyperglycemia/metabolism , Male , Micronucleus Tests , Middle AgedABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMC) is an uncommon salivary gland tumor. CASE: EMC arising from the minor salivary gland of the hard palate is very rare. A 70-year-old man presented with a nodular swelling in the hard palate. Fine needle aspiration cytology revealed biphasic epithelial (small cell) and myoepithelial (large/clear cell) clusters in a pseudopapillary and trabecular pattern. The cytology was reported as salivary gland neoplasm. The mass was excised and the histomorphology was suggestive of a low grade EMC. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the biphasic nature of the tumor and confirmed the diagnosis of EMC. Follow-up for 2 years post surgery to date did not show any recurrence or metastases. CONCLUSION: Though exact cytologic typing of EMC was not possible; this case highlights the importance of awareness of this tumor in the differential diagnosis of biphasic tumors of the salivary gland.
