Ultrasound aided debittering of bitter variety of citrus fruit juice: Effect on chemical, volatile profile and antioxidative potential.

In the present study, sonication assisted debittering of pomelo fruit juice was carried out and the effect of sonication along with resin/enzyme on the chemical, phytochemical and volatile composition of juice was also investigated. The optimum conditions for sonication coupled debittering using resin were 50 kHz, 2 min, and 45 ℃ while 50 kHz, 60 min, and 60 ℃ were obtained for enzyme hydrolysis. Sonication treatment not only reduced the debittering time but also enhanced the adsorption and hydrolysis of naringin by 17% and 20% in resin and enzyme respectively. In addition, enzymatic activity was also improved and weakened C-O bonds in naringin. At the same time, sonication significantly affected the bioactive compounds of juice, chemical composition, and volatile compounds of juice. Flavor compounds including octanal, linalool, citral, and ethyl butyrate were enhanced by sonication-assisted enzymatic treated juice.

Can High b Value Diffusion Be a Surrogate Marker for PET-A MR/PET Study in Neurooncology Set Up.

Purpose: Hybrid whole-body magnetic resonance/positron emission tomography (MR/PET) systems are new diagnostic tools enabling the simultaneous acquisition of morphologic and multiparametric functional data, which allow for a diversified characterization of oncological diseases. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic ability of MRI with the diffusion-weighted image (DWI), and simultaneous integrated positron emission tomography MR/PET to detect malignant lesions and elucidate the utility and limitations of these imaging modalities in preoperative and postoperative follow up in cancer patients. Material and Methods: A total of 45 patients undergoing simultaneous MR/PET for CNS ICSOL in our institution between January 2016 and July 2020 were considered in this study. Post-processing was done in Siemens syngo software to generate a b2000 image. This image was then inverted to grayscale and compared with the NAC image of PET. Results: The lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for DWI were 92.3, 83.3, 97.3, and 62.5%, respectively (at 95% CI and p was 0.000). The lesion-based sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for PET were 97.4, 71.4, 94.9, and 83.3%, respectively (at 95% CI and p was 0.000). The lesion-based sensitivity and specificity of DWI were comparable with those of PET. Conclusions: Although DWI and FDG-PET reflect different tissue properties, there is an association between the measures of both methods in CNS tumors probably because of the coupling of cellularity with tumor metabolism as seen on FDG and other PET tracers. Our study shows that DWI acts as a surrogate biomarker for FDG PET and other tracers in tumors. The method of DWI image generation is simple, radiation-free, and cost-effective in a clinical setup. The simultaneous DWI-PET study provides evidence and confirms the role of DWI in surveillance imaging of tumors.

Anterior Cranial Fossa Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae - Angioarchitecture and Intervention.

PURPOSE: Anterior cranial fossa (ACF) dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF) are rare, unique, and ominous. While surgical disconnection is considered as the favored management option, endovascular treatment has lately gained importance. We present a single institution experience of seven cases. METHOD: A retrospective analysis was performed on the institutional patient database. Features analyzed were demographic details, symptoms, angioarchitecture, treatment course, angiographic results, procedural complications, and follow-up. RESULTS: This study included seven patients. The age at presentation ranged from 5-67 years. Clinical symptomatology was as intracranial hemorrhage in 4 patients and headache, chemosis and seizures in one patient each. The fistulae were paramedian at the ACF base. All DAVFs were Cognard type 4. The arterial feeders were from the anterior ethmoidal branches of the ophthalmic artery in all cases (bilateral in n = 5), frontal branches of the middle meningeal artery (MMA) (n = 6), and multiple ECA branches. The arterial route was the choice for access. Complete fistula obliteration was achieved in all but one patient. A traversed vein underwent rupture in one patient. One patient suffered postsurgical hemorrhage. No clinical or angiographic recurrence was noted. CONCLUSION: The DAVFs of the ACF are inherently high-grade lesions. Transorbital ECA-ICA branch anastomoses may be recruited as feeders. They may be best managed by multidisciplinary means personalized on an angioarchitectural basis. Endovascular embolization is safe and efficacious when performed through a navigable feeder from the frontal division of the MMA, which according to our interpretation is in anastomosis with the anterior falcine branch of the anterior ethmoidal artery.

Identification of potent, selective and orally bioavailable phenyl ((R)-3-phenylpyrrolidin-3-yl)sulfone analogues as RORγt inverse agonists.

An X-ray crystal structure of one of our previously discovered RORγt inverse agonists bound to the RORγt ligand binding domain revealed that the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group of compound 2 plays a significant role in RORγt binding, forming four hydrogen bonding and ionic interactions with RORγt. SAR studies centered around the cyclohexane carboxylic acid group led to identification of several structurally diverse and more potent compounds, including new carboxylic acid analogues 7 and 20, and cyclic sulfone analogues 34 and 37. Notably, compounds 7 and 20 were found to maintain the desirable pharmacokinetic profile of 2.

Manejo anestésico de un paciente hemofílico con trombofilia / Anaesthetic management of a haemophiliac patient with thrombophilia

Haemophiliac patient are known to have increased mortality and morbidity in the past due to previous non existence of practice of blood banking. Mainly morbidity increased due to the complications arises such as recurrent bleeding episodes, painful haemarthroses and permanent disability secondary to ankylosed joints. This case enlightens the role and impact of undetected changes in Hemophilia A patient with Buerger’s disease, highlighting the importance of vigilance on the part of the anesthesiologist, who must ensure the adequacy of hemostatic monitoring in these patients. The clinical presentation of Haemophilia A disease with Buerger’s disease is a rare entity and can be challangeable for practicing anaesthesiology.

En el pasado, los pacientes hemofílicos han tenido una mortalidad y morbilidad aumentada debido a la inexistencia de los bancos de sangre. La morbilidadaumentada está dada principalmente porlas complicaciones como episodios de sangrados recurrentes, hemartrosis dolorosas y discapacidad permanente secundaria a articulaciones anquilosadas. Este caso ilustra el rol y el impacto de los cambios no detectados en un paciente con hemofilia A que cursa también con enfermedadde Buerger, lo que enfatiza la importancia de la vigilancia por parte del anestesiólogo quien debe garantizar una monitoría adecuada de la hemostasia en estos pacientes. La aparición clínica de un caso de hemofilia A asociado a la enfermedad de Buerger es muy infrecuente y es un reto parael anestesiólogo.

Atenuación de la respuesta presora a la laringoscopia e intubación entre diltiazem y esmolol en pacientes hipertensos controlados / Attenuation of the pressor response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation with intravenous diltiazem and esmolol intravenous in controlled hypertensive surgical patients

Introduction. Tachycardia and hypertension are well documented sequels of laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation which is transient, highly variable and is generally well tolerated in healthy patients. In hypertensive patients, cardiovascular response to laryngoscopy and intubation is exaggerated. The aim of this study intended to find a better alternative by comparision amongst diltiazem and esmolol to attenuate the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation in Kasmiri Population. Materials & Methods. Randomized placebo controlled double blind study. One hundred fifty hypertensive patients of both sexes (ASA II), controlled on antihypertensive drugs, between age hinrange of 40-60 years scheduled for routine surgical procedures were divided into 3 groups Group A (10 ml of 5 % Dextrose), Group B (Diltiazem 0.2 mg/Kg) and Group C (Esmolol 1.5 mg/Kg). Baseline parameters, i.e. heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and rate pressure product were noted at baseline level, at 1 min., 3min. and 5min after tracheal intubation. Results. Both Esmolol and Diltiazem showed statistically significant attenuation of rise in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and rate pressure product when compared to control. However Diltiazem failed to attenuate rise in heart rate. Conclusions. We conclude that Esmolol is a very effective agent in attenuating the pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation in controlled hypertensive patients.

Introducción. La taquicardia e hipertensión son efectos bien documentados de la laringoscopia e intubación orotraqueal que son transitorios, muy variables y generalmente bien toleradas en los pacientes sanos. Sin embargo, en los pacientes hipertensos, la respuesta cardíaca a la laringoscopia e intubación es exagerada. El objetivo de este estudio es encontrar la mejor alternativa entre diltiazem y esmolol para atenuar la respuesta presora a la laringoscopia e intubación en una población de Cachemira. Materiales y métodos. Estudio aleatorizado controlado doble ciego. Ciento cincuenta pacientes hipertensos de ambos sexos (ASA II), controlados con drogas antihipertensivas con edades entre los 40 y 60 años programados para cirugías rutinarias fueron divididos en tres grupos, grupo A (10 ml de dextrosa al 5 %), grupo B (diltiazem 0,2 mg por kilo), y grupo C (esmolol 1,5 mg por kilo). Los parámetros de base como frecuencia cardíaca, presión arterial sistólica, presión arterial diastólica, presión arterial media y doble producto, fueron anotados al inicio al minuto 1 al minuto 3 y al minuto 5 después de la intubación traqueal. Resultados. Tanto el esmolol como el diltiazem demostraron atenuación estadísticamente significativa de la presión arterial sistólica, diastólica y media, y del doble producto, cuando se compararon al control. Sin embargo el diltiazem no pudo evitar un aumento de la frecuencia cardíaca. Conclusiones. Concluimos que el esmolol es un agente muy efectivo para atenuar la respuesta presora a la laringoscopia e intubación en pacientes hipertensos controlados.

Implicaciones anestésicas de un caso de leucodistrofia metacromática / Anaesthetic implications in a case of metabolic leukodystrophy

Metachromatic leukodystrophy is a progressive, inherited and neurodegenerative disease. A patient suffering from this disease poses a lot of anaesthetic problems. We have successfully anaesthetized a female child with general anaesthesia who was suffering from metabolic leukodystrophy.

La leucodistrofia metacromática es una enfermedad progresiva hereditaria y neurodegenerativa. Un paciente que sufre de esta enfermedad representa múltiples problemas anestésicos. Hemos anestesiado exitosamente una niña que sufre de leucodistrofia metacromática con anestesia general.

Superior mesenteric artery stenting to augment splenorenal arterial bypass for intractable complex renovascular hypertension.

An alternative source of visceral arterial inflow is sometimes necessary for renal revascularization when aortorenal endarterectomy or bypass is inappropriate due to severely diseased aorta. We report the case of a 46-year-old male with recurrent intractable renovascular hypertension in renal failure secondary to occlusion of the celiac axis due to progression of aortoarteritis following splenorenal arterial bypass performed 5 years before. Aortogram visualized intestinal arterial arcade supporting patent bypass with critically stenosed superior mesenteric artery. Successful angioplasty with stenting of superior mesenteric artery restored adequate renal flow through the bypass leading to recovery and easy control of hypertension.

Precocious puberty: clinical and endocrine profile and factors indicating neurogenic precocity in Indian children.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and endocrine profile of patients with precocious puberty followed up in a tertiary care hospital. Records of 140 patients (114 girls, 26 boys) with precocious puberty were reviewed. Clinical features including age of onset, stage of pubertal development, presenting symptoms, features suggestive of CNS involvement and family history were analyzed. Endocrine investigations included basal and GnRH-stimulated levels of LH and FSH as well as 17OHP, DHEA, hCG and thyroid profile. Abdominal and pelvic ultrasonography and CNS imaging were correlated with clinical features. Girls outnumbered boys in this series (4.4:1). Neurogenic central isosexual precocious puberty (CIPP) was more common in boys (10 out of 18, 55.6%) than girls (16 out of 77, 20.8%). The most common cause of neurogenic CIPP was hypothalamic hamartoma present in five girls and four boys. Other causes of neurogenic CIPP included neurotuberculosis, pituitary adenoma, hydrocephalus, post radiotherapy, CNS tumors and malformations. Peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) was secondary to adrenal causes in boys and ovarian cysts in girls. Benign variants of precocious puberty, such as premature thelarche and premature adrenarche, were present in 23 and six girls, respectively. Hypothyroidism was present in four girls and McCune-Albright syndrome in one girl. Girls with neurogenic CIPP had a lower age of onset as compared to idiopathic CIPP (3.6 +/- 2.7 years vs 5.4 +/- 2.5 years, p = 0.014). The lowest age of onset was seen in girls with hypothalamic hamartoma (1.6 +/- 0.9 years). Forty-seven girls with CIPP (seven neurogenic and 40 idiopathic) presented after the age of 6 years. Features of CNS involvement, in the form of seizures, mental retardation, raised intracranial tension or focal neurological deficits, were present in seven girls (43.8%) and four boys (40%), and gelastic seizures were present in three children. Girls with CIPP had greater bone age advancement (3.4 +/- 1.5 years) and negative height standard deviation for bone age (-2.7 +/- 1.5) than those with PPP (1.9 +/- 1.6 years and -1.3 +/- 1.3) and premature thelarche (0.4 +/- 0.4 years and -0.8 +/- 0.8). Patients with neurogenic CIPP had significantly higher levels of baseline and GnRH-stimulated levels of LH and FSH and LH:FSH ratio than those with idiopathic CIPP. Occurrence of neurogenic CIPP in seven girls with an age of onset after 6 years emphasizes the need for CNS imaging in these girls contrary to the current recommendations. The fact that 65.6% cases of idiopathic CIPP presented after the age of 6 years raises the possibility that these patients may be physiological variants of normal puberty. Pointers to neurogenic CIPP included early age of onset in girls, clinical features of CNS involvement, and elevated basal and stimulated LH levels and LH:FSH ratio.