ABSTRACT
It is important to assess the general bone condition in dental implant treatment. The relationships between the bone mineral densities (BMDs) of lumbar vertebrae and mandibular cortical bone condition in the inferior border using multi-slice computed tomography (CT) were assessed in postmenopausal women. If a strong correlation between them is obtained, the mandibular cortical bone condition may be useful to evaluate the general bone condition. Twenty-two postmenopausal women were enrolled in this investigation. The maximum CT value and width of the mandibular cortical bone (MCW-MSCT) were measured, and the mandibular cortical bone index (MCI-MSCT) was classified using multi-slice CT. BMDs of lumbar vertebrae were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and then the percentage of the young adult mean (YAM) was analyzed. The correlations were investigated between the mandibular cortical bone condition and values of lumbar vertebrae. Weak correlations were observed between MCW-MSCT and the percentage of YAM. Also, significant differences in the percentage of YAM were noted between types of MCI-MSCT. The mandibular cortical bone index (MCI-MSCT) in the inferior border using multi-slice CT may be applicable to evaluate the influence of the general bone condition.
Subject(s)
Bone Density/physiology , Lumbar Vertebrae/physiopathology , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Postmenopause/physiology , Absorptiometry, Photon , Aged , Bone and Bones/physiopathology , Chronic Periodontitis/diagnosis , Chronic Periodontitis/physiopathology , Female , Humans , Mandible/physiology , Middle Aged , Multidetector Computed Tomography , Osteoporosis/diagnosis , Osteoporosis/physiopathologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Correlations between the widths of mandibular cortical bones and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the spine were analyzed to evaluate the influence of the general bone condition. STUDY DESIGN: Thirty postmenopausal women were enrolled in this investigation. The widths of cortical bones in sites of the mental foramen and the BMD of the mandibular cancellous bone were measured using multislice computerized tomography (CT) images. The BMD of the lumbar spine was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and the ratio to the young adult mean (YAM) was obtained. RESULTS: A weak correlation between the widths of cortical bones and the ratio to the YAM was observed. Also, correlations between the widths of cortical bones and the BMD of the mandible were noted. CONCLUSION: The widths of buccal and lingual cortical bones in the mesial and distal sites of the mental foramen measured on axial CT images do not serve as a reliable examination for the BMD of the lumbar spine.
Subject(s)
Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Mandible/diagnostic imaging , Postmenopause , Absorptiometry, Photon , Aged , Bone Density , Female , Humans , Mandible/anatomy & histology , Middle Aged , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/diagnostic imaging , Reference Values , Statistics, Nonparametric , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
In post-menopausal osteoporosis, lack of estrogen will affect the remodeling of the bone tissue in such a way that, in most patients with periodontitis, the amount of bone resorbed exceeds that being formed, resulting in net bone loss. Osteoporosis can be treated by a variety of methods, the hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERM) and the bisphosphonates. The HRT or bisphosphonates treatments improve the clinical outcome of periodontal disease and may be an adjunctive treatment to preserve periodontal bone mass. This paper reviews the current evidence on the mechanism of periodontal breakdown after menopause and the benefit to oral health by treatments for osteoporosis.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss/prevention & control , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/complications , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/drug therapy , Periodontal Diseases/etiology , Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use , Chronic Disease , Diphosphonates/therapeutic use , Estrogen Replacement Therapy , Estrogens/deficiency , Estrogens/physiology , Female , Humans , Periodontal Diseases/prevention & control , Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Many studies have attempted to define the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Most studies support a positive association between these common diseases; however, many are cross-sectional in nature, include relatively small sample sizes, and have inadequate control of potential confounding factors, such as age, gender, hormone intake, race, and smoking, limiting our understanding of the nature of the relationship between these diseases. Clinical conditions causing low estrogen environments in postmenopausal women allow T- and B-cell abnormalities, increased local production of the bone-active cytokines (i.e., Interleukin-1, -6 and -8, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-alpha) and a rise in prostaglandin E(2), resulting in the progression of periodontitis.
Subject(s)
Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/complications , Female , Humans , Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal/physiopathology , Periodontal Diseases/etiologyABSTRACT
Many studies have attempted to define the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Most studies support a positive association between these common diseases; however, many are cross-sectional in nature, include relatively small sample sizes, and have inadequate control of potential confounding factors, such as age, gender, hormone intake, race, and smoking, limiting our understanding of the nature of the relationship between these diseases. Clinical conditions causing low estrogen environments in postmenopausal women allow increased local production of the bone-active cytokine and the progression of periodontal disease. Prospective studies are needed to confirm or refute a causal relation.
