[Dynamics of systemic and local physiological indices while changing intensity of physical load].

It is well known that metabolic, cardiovascular and respiratory indices during exercise of moderate intensity are linearly related to exercise power. After the load reaches the definite level this relationship changes for nonlinear. Different methods of evaluating the intensity of load at which this transition takes place are discussed. The methods for investigation of transient process dynamics in energy supply of muscle contractions with changing intensity of contractions is described. The dependence of dynamic characteristics of physiological indices from fitness level and in its turn from age and level of physical activity is discussed.

[Wavelet analysis of m. vastus lateralis surface EMG activity in incremental tests till exhaustion using bicycle and knee extension exercises].

Continuous wavelet analyses was applied to investigate the spectral characteristics of m. vastus lateralis EMG activity in two incremental tests till exhaustion: rhythmic knee-joint extensions and cycling. Wavelet analysis of surface EMG revealed differences in the dynamics of time-frequency characteristics of the signal during single cycle of two types of movements with different loads, as well as differences in the slow variations of spectral characteristics associated with the development of muscle fatigue during the tests. It was shown that during cycling with low loads (beginning of the test) maximum of EMG activity was confined within the second half of muscle contraction (the angle in the knee joint approximately 140 degrees), increase of load at the end of the test led to a shift of the peak to the beginning of the active phase of movement, while the median frequency of the "instant" wavelet spectra during muscle contraction remained almost unchanged. During knee-joint extensions the maximum of EMG activity was observed at the end of the active phase of movement for all loads, median frequency increased significantly with increasing the angle at the knee joint. Long-term dynamics of EMG intensity growth during these tests differed as well, whereas dynamics of wavelet-spectra median frequencies were practically the same--during both tests their growths were observed.

[Vitrum osteomag in prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: results of the comparative open multicenter trial]. / Vitrum osteomag v profilaktike osteoporoza u zhenshchin v postmenopauze: rezul'taty sravnitel'nogo otkrytogo mnogotsentrovogo issledovaniia.

AIM: To investigate efficacy, tolerance and safety of the drug vitrum osteomag one tablet of which contains 600 mg calcium (1500 mg calcium carbonate), 200 IU of cholecalcepherol, 40 mg of magnesium, zinc (7.5 mg), copper (1 mg), manganese (1.8 mg) and boron (250 mcg) in women with osteopenia for prevention of osteoporosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A multicenter comparative open trial of vitrum osteomag influence on mineral bone density (MBD), change of pain syndrome in bones, index of calcium-phosphorous metabolism covered 334 postmenopausal women with osteopenia. MBD was measured in low-back spine and proximal part of the hip with DEXA method. All the patients were divided into 3 groups: 125 women taking 2 tablets of vitrum osteomag daily for 12 months (group 1); 111 women taking 1500 mg calcium carbonate (group 2); 96 women--control group (only observation). RESULTS: Vitrum osteomag relieved pain in the back and joints, had a positive effect on bone density (+1.5%) and proximal parts of the hip (0.6-0.93%) exceeding the effect of calcium carbonate only which preserves the initial MBD in low back spine but does not prevent bone loss in the hip. MBD dynamics in patients given vitrum osteomag differs essentially from one in the control group (from -1.9 to -2.91%) which demonstrates a reliable preventive anti-osteoporotic effect of this medication. The drug increases the level of general and ionized calcium in blood but does not cause hypercalcemia lowering the level of parathormone in blood. The rate of side effects in group 1 was 14.4% and did not differ much from that in group 2 (16.2%). CONCLUSION: The results of the study allow to recommend vitrum osteomag for prophylaxis of a rapid loss of bone tissue mineral density.

[Replacement hormonal therapy in correction of metabolic-trophic changes in ovarian failure syndrome]. / Zamestitel'naia gormonal'naia terapiia dlia korrektsii obmenno-troficheskikh narushenii pri sindrome istoshcheniia iaichnikov.

Clinical and laboratory examination of 105 women was carried out: 46 of these were women with the ovarian exhaustion syndrome, aged 32 +/- 4.5, 42 healthy women aged 30 to 35 and 55 to 59, and 17 patients of a reproductive age after total oophorectomy. Metabolic changes were assessed from blood plasma lipid spectrum and osseous tissue compactness of the radial bone at its distal portion in two sites, 1/3 and 1/20 of its length. The efficacies of two drugs, presomen and anteovin, were compared in patients with ovarian exhaustion. Hypoestrogenism was shown to be one of the major pathogenetic factors in the development of dysmetabolic changes in women of a reproductive age with ovarian exhaustion. The author validates the desirability of substitution hormonal therapy in young women with prolonged estrogen deficiency in order to prevent the development of atherosclerosis and osteoporosis.

[Characteristics of serum lipid state in women with premature failure of the ovarian function]. / Osobennosti lipidnogo sostava syvorotki krovi u zhenshchin s prezhdevremennym vykliucheniem funktsii iaichnikov.

The evidence obtained supports referring women with ovarian amenorrhea and gonadal dysgenesis to a high-risk group for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. This fact dictates inclusion of the diagnosis of atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia into the complex of check-up measures for women with early nonoperative ovarian amenorrhea as well as prophylaxis of cardiovascular disorders.

The lipid composition of the blood serum in certain forms of ovarian amenorrhea. / Lipidnyi sostav syvorotki krovi pri nekotorykh formakh iaichnikovykh amenorei.

A study of serum lipids in 68 women with ovarian forms of amenorrhea has documented prominent lipid abnormalities in most women with ovarian dystrophy and gonadal dysgenesis. It presented as elevation of cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and a decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, with Types IV and IIb dyslipoproteinemia. These findings suggest that the women with ovarian dystrophy and gonadal dysgenesis are at a high risk of early onset of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.

[The hypothalamo-hypophyseal system in resistant ovary syndrome]. / Gipotalamo-gipofizarnaia sistema pri sindrome rezistentnykh iaichnikov.

The study has been done in 30 women with the resistant ovary syndrome diagnosed by laparoscopy, laparotomy and histologic examination of ovarian biopsy samples. Genetic study identified the feminine phenotype and genotype (46,XX). Estradiol levels corresponded to those seen in the follicular menstrual phase, prolactin levels were normal, and gonadotropin levels were above basal values and were several fold above the ovulatory peak, when tested with luteinizing hormone-releasing factor in 7 patients and after estrogen challenge in 5 patients. The tests indicated an adequate adenohypophyseal response and intact feedback mechanisms between the hypothalamic pituitary system and gonadal steroids, as confirmed by electroencephalography.