Exploring the impact of miR-128 in inflammatory diseases: A comprehensive study on autoimmune diseases.

microRNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role in various biological processes, including immune system regulation, such as cell proliferation, tolerance (central and peripheral), and T helper cell development. Dysregulation of miRNA expression and activity can disrupt immune responses and increase susceptibility to neuroimmune disorders. Conversely, miRNAs have been shown to have a protective role in modulating immune responses and preventing autoimmunity. Specifically, reducing the expression of miRNA-128 (miR-128) in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model has been found to improve cognitive deficits and reduce neuropathology. This comprehensive review focuses on the significance of miR-128 in the pathogenesis of neuroautoimmune disorders, including multiple sclerosis (MS), AD, Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), epilepsy, as well as other immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Additionally, we present compelling evidence supporting the potential use of miR-128 as a diagnostic or therapeutic biomarker for neuroimmune disorders. Collectively, the available literature suggests that targeting miR-128 could be a promising strategy to alleviate the behavioral symptoms associated with neuroimmune diseases. Furthermore, further research in this area may uncover new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying these disorders and potentially lead to the development of novel therapeutic approaches.

Shining the light on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes in breast cancer.

In women, breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a subgroup of heterogeneous non-hematopoietic fibroblast-like cells that have the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types. Recent studies stated that MSCs can migrate into the tumor sites and exert various effect on tumor growth and development. Multiple researches have demonstrated that MSCs can favor tumor growth, while other groups have indicated that MSCs inhibit tumor development. Emerging evidences showed exosomes (Exo) as a new mechanism of cell communication which are essential for the crosstalk between MSCs and BC cells. MSC-derived Exo (MSCs-Exo) could mimic the numerous effects on the proliferation, metastasis, and drug response through carrying a wide scale of molecules, such as proteins, lipids, messenger RNAs, and microRNAs to BC cells. Consequently, in the present literature, we summarized the biogenesis and cargo of Exo and reviewed the role of MSCs-Exo in development of BC.

Circulating and dietary advanced glycation end products and obesity in an adult population: A paradox of their detrimental effects in obesity.

Background: The detrimental role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) against cardio-metabolic health has been revealed in several previous reports. However, the results of studies regarding the association between AGEs and obesity measurements are inconsistent. In the current meta-analysis, we aimed to quantitatively summarize the results of studies that evaluated the association between circulating and dietary AGEs with obesity measurements among the adult population. Methods: A systematic search from PubMed, Embase, and Scopus electronic databases until 30 October 2022 retrieved a total of 21,429 observational studies. After duplicate removal, title/abstract screening, and full-text reading by two independent researchers, a final number of 18 manuscripts remained to be included in the meta-analysis. Results: Those in the highest category of circulating AGEs had ~1.5 kg/m2 reduced BMI compared with those in the lowest AGEs category [weighted mean difference (WMD): -1.485; CI: -2.459, -0.511; p = 0.003], while a nonsignificant increase in BMI was observed in the highest versus lowest category of dietary AGEs (WMD: 0.864, CI: -0.365, 2.094; p = 0.186). Also, lower amounts of circulating AGEs in individuals with obesity versus individuals without obesity were observed (WMD: -57.220, CI: -84.290, -30.149; p < 0.001). AGE type can be considered as a possible source of heterogeneity. Conclusion: In the current meta-analysis, we observed an inverse association between circulating AGEs and body mass index among adults. Due to low study numbers, further studies are warranted to better elucidate these results.

Roles of CCR10/CCL27-CCL28 axis in tumour development: mechanisms, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and perspectives.

Cancer is now one of the major causes of death across the globe. The imbalance of cytokine and chemokine secretion has been reported to be involved in cancer development. Meanwhile, CC chemokines have received considerable interest in cancer research. CCR10, as the latest identified CC chemokine receptor (CCR), has been implicated in the recruitment and infiltration of immune cells, especially lymphocytes, into epithelia such as skin via ligation to two ligands, CCL27 and CCL28. Other than homoeostatic function, several mechanisms have been shown to dysregulate CCR10/CCL27-CCL28 expression in the tumour microenvironment. As such, these receptors and ligands mediate T-cell trafficking in the tumour microenvironment. Depending on the types of lymphocytes recruited, CCR10/CCL27-CCL28 interaction has been shown to play conflicting roles in cancer development. If they were T helper and cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells, the role of this axis would be tumour-suppressive. In contrast, if CCR10/CCL27-CCL28 recruited regulatory T cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts or myeloid-derived suppressor cells, it would lead to tumour progression. In addition to the trafficking of lymphocytes and immune cells, CCR10 also leads to the migration of tumour cells or endothelial cells (called angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis) to promote tumour metastasis. Furthermore, CCR10 signalling triggers tumour-promoting signalling such as PI3K/AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase, resulting in tumour cell growth. Since CCR10/CCL27-CCL28 is dysregulated in the tumour tissues, it is suggested that analysis and measurement of them might predict tumour development. Finally, it is hoped using therapeutic approaches based on this axis might increase our knowledge to overcome tumour progression.

Synthesis of Bioactive Yttrium-Metal-Organic Framework as Efficient Nanocatalyst in Synthesis of Novel Pyrazolopyranopyrimidine Derivatives and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity.

Novel Yttrium-metal-organic framework (Y-MOF) was synthesized under optimal conditions of microwave with a power of 20 W, the temperature of 30 degrees of centigrade, and time duration of 10 min. The products were characterized by SEM (morphology and size distribution), TGA (thermal stability), BET technique (surface area), and FTIR (characterization of the related group). The Yttrium-metal-organic framework (Y-MOF) synthesized in this study, after identifying and confirming the structure, was used as an efficient and recyclable catalyst in the synthesis of new pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives. Following the study of the properties and applications of Y-MOF, its anticancer properties on breast cancer cells based on the MTT method were evaluated, and significant results were observed. In addition, the anticancer properties of the pyrazolopyranopyrimidine derivatives were investigated.

The emerging role of 27-hydroxycholesterol in cancer development and progression: An update.

Oxysterols are cholesterol metabolites generated in the liver and other peripheral tissues as a mechanism of removing excess cholesterol. Oxysterols have a wide range of biological functions, including the regulation of sphingolipid metabolism, platelet aggregation, and apoptosis. However, it has been found that metabolites derived from cholesterol play essential functions in cancer development and immunological suppression. In this regard, research indicates that 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-HC) might act as an estrogen, promoting the growth of estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cells. The capacity of cholesterol to dynamically modulate signaling molecules inside the membrane and particular metabolites serving as signaling molecules are two possible contributory processes. 27-HC is a significant metabolite produced mainly through the CYP27A1 (Cytochrome P450 27A1) enzyme. 27-HC maintains cholesterol balance biologically by promoting cholesterol efflux via the liver X receptor (LXR) and suppressing de novo cholesterol production through the Insulin-induced Genes (INSIGs). It has been demonstrated that 27-HC is able to function as a selective ER regulator. Moreover, enhanced 27-HC production is in favor of the growth of end-stage malignancies in the brain, thyroid organs, and colon, as shown in breast cancer, probably due to pro-survival and pro-inflammatory signaling induced by unbalanced levels of oxysterols. However, the actual role of 27-HC in cancer promotion and progression remains debatable, and many studies are warranted to be performed to unravel the precise function of these molecules. This review article will summarize the latest evidence on the deleterious or beneficial functions of 27-HC in various types of cancer, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, glioblastoma, thyroid cancer, adrenocortical cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Clinical application of mesenchymal stem cell in regenerative medicine: a narrative review.

The multipotency property of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has attained worldwide consideration because of their immense potential for immunomodulation and their therapeutic function in tissue regeneration. MSCs can migrate to tissue injury areas to contribute to immune modulation, secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and hide themselves from the immune system. Certainly, various investigations have revealed anti-inflammatory, anti-aging, reconstruction, and wound healing potentials of MSCs in many in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, current progresses in the field of MSCs biology have facilitated the progress of particular guidelines and quality control approaches, which eventually lead to clinical application of MSCs. In this literature, we provided a brief overview of immunoregulatory characteristics and immunosuppressive activities of MSCs. In addition, we discussed the enhancement, utilization, and therapeutic responses of MSCs in neural, liver, kidney, bone, heart diseases, and wound healing.

Effect of tomato consumption on inflammatory markers in health and disease status: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Inflammation is a major cause of chronic diseases. Several studies have investigated the effects of tomato intake on inflammatory biomarkers; however, the results are equivocal. Therefore, the present study aimed to systematically review and analyses randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing the effects of tomato intake on inflammatory biomarkers in adults. METHODS: A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases to find RCTs related to the effect of tomato intake on inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), up to November 2021. Meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model. RESULTS: A total of 465 subjects sourced from seven eligible RCTs (8 treatment arms) were entered into the analysis. Pooled effect size of articles indicated that tomato intake was not significantly effective on CRP (WMD: 0.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -0.09 to 0.36; P = 0.23, I2: 83.9%) and IL-6 (Hedges' g = -0.12; 95% CI -0.36, 0.13; P = 0.34, I2: 0.0%) levels compared to the control group. But it can significantly reduce TNF-α (Hedges' g = -0.45; 95% CI -0.76, -0.13; P = 0.005, I2: 0.0%) levels. CONCLUSION: Generally, the present study showed that tomato intake has no significant effect on serum CRP, and IL-6 concentrations, but can reduce serum TNF-α levels significantly. However, additional well-designed studies that include more diverse populations and longer duration are warranted.

Association of cord blood asprosin concentration with atherogenic lipid profile and anthropometric indices.

BACKGROUND: Elevated lipids in umbilical cord blood affect fetal programming, leading to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease in later life. However, the causes of changes in the lipid profile of umbilical cord blood are not clear yet. This study aimed for the first time to determine the association of asprosin concentration with TAG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C concentrations and TAG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio in umbilical cord blood as well as newborn anthropometric indices. This cross-sectional study was based on 450 mother- newborn pairs of a birth cohort study in Sabzevar, Iran. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the association of lipid concentration and lipid ratios as well as birth weight (BW), birth length (BL), head circumference (HC) and chest circumference (CC) with asprosin in cord blood samples controlled for the relevant covariates. RESULT: In fully adjusted models, each 1 ng/mL increase in asprosin was associated with 0.19 (95% CI 0.06, 0.31, P < 0.01), 0.19 (95% CI 0.10, 0.29, P < 0.01), 0.17 (95% CI 0.09, 0.25, P < 0.01), 0.17 (95% CI 0.09, 0.25, P < 0.01), 0.01 (95% CI 0.00, 0.013, P < 0.01), 0.01 (95% CI 0.01, 0.01, P < 0.01), 0.01 (95% CI 0.01, 0.01, P < 0.01) and 0.01 (95% CI 0.01, 0.01, P < 0.01) increase in TAG, TC, LDL-C, TAG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio respectively. Moreover, higher asprosin levels was positively associated with newborn BW, BL, HC and CC; however, these associations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Overall, our findings support the positive association between cord asprosin concentration and the development of atherogenic lipid profile in newborns. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study in other populations.

Cytotoxicity evaluation of environmentally friendly synthesis Copper/Zinc bimetallic nanoparticles on MCF-7 cancer cells.

Bimetallic nanoparticles offer unique chemical, physical and optical properties that are not available for monometallic nanoparticles. Bimetallic nanoparticles play a major role in various therapeutic, industrial and energy fields. Recently, nanoparticles of Copper/Zinc bimetallic nanoparticles have attracted attention in various fields, especially medicine. In this study, bimetallic CuO/ZnO nanostructures were biosynthesized using plant extracts. The plant-mediated synthesis nanoparticles were characterized by Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDAX). The cytotoxicity of plant-mediated synthesis bimetallic nanoparticles and the synergistic effects of these nanoparticles in combination with the anticancer drug doxorubicin on MCF-7 cancer cells were evaluated by MTT assay.