Sudden death related to sexual activity: A multicenter study based on forensic autopsies (2010-2021).

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics, clinic-pathological findings and recent use of substances of abuse and prescribed drugs in sexual activity-related sudden death (SArSD). METHODS: Multicenter population-based study on forensic autopsies conducted in 27 provinces of Spain over 12 years (2010-2021). RESULTS: Out of 18046 autopsied natural deaths, 64 cases (0.35 %) of SArSD were investigated (87 % males). Women were younger than males (50.5 ± 13.4 years vs 37.2 ± 14.2; p = 0.017). Sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) accounted for 87 % of cases. Ischemic heart disease was the predominant pathology (58 %), mainly affecting men ≥ 36 years of age. Cerebral haemorrhage (8 %) and asthma (5 %) were the leading non-cardiac causes. In young adults, SADS (36 %) and asthma (27 %) were the main causes The disease responsible of SCD was diagnosed in life in 7 subjects. In 64 % there were cardiovascular risk factors, mainly obesity. Toxicological analysis detected illicit drugs (23 %), mainly cocaine, medications for erectile dysfunction (9 %), and ethanol ≥ 0.5 g/L (8 %). Deaths occurred usually in the context of heterosexual intercourse and during or immediately after sexual activity. The most common location was at home (63 %). In 12 men the sexual partner was a sex worker. CONCLUSIONS: SArSD has a low incidence in the general population affecting middle-aged males during intercourse with a heterosexual partner. It is of cardiovascular origin, mainly due to ischemic heart disease that frequently remained silent during life. There is a frequent association with obesity, use of cocaine (and, to a lesser extent, medications for erectile dysfunction) and performing unconventional sexual practices. Forensic investigation is useful for developing prevention strategies.

Separação e identificação de ácidos graxos em formulações cosméticas contendo óleo de castanha do Brasil por eletroforese capilar / Separation and identification of fatty acids in cosmetic formulations containing Brazil nut oil by capillary electrophoresis

An analytical method based on capillary electrophoresis (CE) with a partially aqueous electrolyte system was developed to enable the free fatty acids of Brazil nut oil to be identified in cosmetic formulations. In this study, a gel cream formulation was developed and its oil phase was extracted with a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (1:2:0.8 v/v/v). The chloroform layer was saponified with a methanolic solution of NaOH (0.5 mol L-1) at 75-80 °C for 25 minutes. Experiments were carried out on a Beckman PACE/MDQ CE system (Fullerton, CA, USA) equipped with an on-column, diode-array detection system set at 254 nm and at 25ºC. The electrolyte consisted of 12.5 mmol L-1 sodium tetraborate buffer pH 7.0, 12.5 mmol L-1 polyoxyethylene 23-lauryl ether, 7.5 mmol L-1 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (used as chromophore for indirect UV detection) and acetonitrile (35% v/v). The proposed method allowed the separation and identification of the fatty acids of Brazil nut oil in a cosmetic gel cream, as well as enabling possible interference by the oily phase components in the formulation to be identified.

Um método de análise por eletroforese capilar com sistema de eletrólito parcialmente aquoso foi desenvolvido para identificar os ácidos graxos livres do óleo de Castanha do Brasil em formulações cosméticas. No presente trabalho foi desenvolvida uma formulação cosmética (gel creme) cuja fase oleosa foi extraída com uma mistura de clorofórmio-metanol-água (1:2:0.8 v/v/v). A camada de clorofórmio, foi saponificada com solução de NaOH em metanol (0,5 mol L-1) a 75-80 °C durante 25 minutos. Os experimentos foram realizados em sistema de eletroforese capilar Beckman PACE/MDQ (Fullerton, CA, USA), com detecção de arranjo de diodos a 254 nm e a 25 ºC. O eletrólito utilizado foi 12,5 mmol L-1 de tetraborato de sódio tampão a pH 7,0, 12,5 mmol L-1 de éter de polioxietileno 23-lauril, 7,5 mmol L-1 de dodecilbenzenosulfonato de sódio (utilizado como agente cromóforo para detecção UV indireta) e acetonitrila (35% v/v). O método proposto permitiu a separação e a identificação dos ácidos graxos do óleo de Castanha do Brasil em formulações cosméticas, bem como possibilitou a identificação de interferências presentes na fase oleosa da formulação.

Papel del laboratorio en el control metabólico del paciente diabético / Role of laboratory in the metabolic control of the diabetic patient

Los objetivos planteados en el presente estudio son, evaluar el grado de control glucémico a largo plazo de pacientes diabéticos de nuestra área sanitaria en función de la glicohemoglobina (HbA1c), según los criterios definidos por el European NIDDM Policy Group, así como evaluar una de las complicaciones crónicas más frecuentes de los diabéticos, la afectación renal, mediante la cuantificación de microalbuminuria (MA) como marcador precoz para predecir el desarrollo de nefropatía diabética en dichos pacientes, y de esta forma permitir que se inicien tratamientos destinados a revertir o enlentecer su progresión hacia la enfermedad renal. Los resultados que se presentan se obtuvieron del análisis de HbA1c de sangre procedentes de 6374 pacientes diabéticos, y del análisis de las muestras de orina procedentes de 2961 pacientes diabéticos. De los pacientes a los que se les midió la HbA1c, 1803 (28,2 por ciento) presentaban resultados óptimos (8 por ciento). De los pacientes a los que se les midió la microalbuminuria, 1997 (67,4 por ciento) presentaban valores de microalbuminuria negativas (01,9 mg/dl), 520 (17,5 por ciento) presentaban valores altos (2,0-5,7 mg/dl) y 444 (14,9 por ciento) presentaban valores muy altos de microalbuminuria (>5,7 mg/dl). La frecuencia de microalbuminuria (32,4 por ciento) encontrada en nuestro estudio es similar a la hallada en otros estudios, por lo que habrá que incidir en este grupo de población, con una atención integral e individual de dichos pacientes en los que la determinación de microalbuminuria tiene interés pronóstico en los diabéticos tipo 1 en los que anuncia una nefropatía diabética. También permite evaluar un riesgo de naturaleza cardiovascular. En los diabéticos tipo 2, la microalbuminuria predice una mortalidad prematura, estando asociada a factores de riesgo cardiovasculares clásicos, no específicos de la diabetes, aunque frecuentemente, más precoces y más graves como hipertensión arterial y dislipemias (AU)