Ultrasound clinical references of the healthy toenail unit.

The toenail unit, commonly called the nail, is one of the most frequently examined and treated structures in clinical podiatry. Ultrasound is a standard clinical technique because it is a noninvasive, painless, and rapid diagnostic tool. The main objective of this study was to obtain morphometric data of the healthy toenail unit by ultrasound for clinical application. The nails of 76 participants (152 hallux nails; 38 men, 38 women, average age 26.83 ± 12.20) were examined using a VINNO E35 ultrasound system and an X6-16L linear probe with a frequency of 18 MHz. Five ultrasound measures of the healthy toenail unit were obtained, of which only the distance from the center of the distal phalange to the nail plate varied with age, sex, weight, and foot (p-values ≤ 0.050). The other four parameters were less influenced by the variables analyzed, except sex, which influenced nearly all (p-values ≤ 0.050). In one of these variables, indications of significance were observed (p-values = 0.060), with greater distances in the men than in the women, except for nail plate curvature, which showed a higher value. The other variables studied did not influence the parameters analyzed. High-frequency ultrasound can be used to examine the healthy toenail unit and define anthropometric reference measurements that can be used for more accurate and comparative diagnosis.

Lesiones de interés podológico en la práctica habitual de deportes de contacto / Podiatrically significant injuries in the regular practice of contact sports

Introducción: El auge en la práctica de deportes de contacto hace que sea necesario que el podólogo conozca las lesiones más comunes que sufren los deportistas que las practican para mejorar así la atención de estos pacientes. Debido a este motivo, nos planteamos como objetivo principal de este estudio analizar el perfil sociodemográfico del deportista de deportes de contacto y conocer las lesiones sufridas en diferentes deportes de contacto para hacer prevención primaria a nivel podológico. Pacientes y métodos: Se analizó una autoencuesta a través de Google Forms, donde se recabaron datos sobre los hábitos y las lesiones deportivas sufridas en la extremidad inferior de 100 deportistas que practican diversos deportes de contacto, además de otras variables como sexo, alimentación, horas de entrenamiento semanal, tiempo que lleva practicándolo, con el fin de conocer si en las diferentes modalidades de los deportes de contacto ocurren las mismas patologías podológicas o son diferentes. Los datos fueron tratados estadísticamente usando los programas Microsoft Office Excel 2013 y SPSS 22.0. Resultados: Las lesiones más comunes en la extremidad inferior en los deportistas de contacto analizados fueron lesiones en partes blandas, en concreto esguinces, contracturas y tendinitis, distensiones, fascitis, rotura de ligamentos pierna y pie, y también lesiones óseas, como fracturas de huesos (costillas, nariz, hombro, metatarsianos). A nivel dérmico se encontraron infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas.Conclusión: Conocer las lesiones y patologías que sufren los deportistas que practican deportes de contacto hace posible que, como profesionales de la salud, actuemos a nivel de prevención primaria, ya que las patologías sufridas pueden conllevar secuelas podológicas en el futuro y al empeoramiento de la calidad de vida del deportista (AU)

Objective: The boom in the practice of contact sports makes it necessary for the podiatrist to know the most common injuries suffered by athletes who practice them, to improve the care of these patients. Due to this reason, our main objective in this study is to analyze the sociodemographic profile of contact sports athletes and to understand the injuries suffered in different contact sports, in order to implement primary prevention measures at podiatry level. Patients and methods: Using a survey, we analyzed the sports injuries suffered in the lower extremity by 100 athletes who practice various contact sports. In addition to other variables such as sex, diet, hours of weekly training, and how long has been practicing it. To know if the same podiatric disorders occur in the different modalities or if they are different. The data was statistically treated using the Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and SPSS 22.0. Results: The most common injuries in the lower extremity in the contact athletes analyzed were soft tissue injuries, specifically: sprains, contractures and tendonitis, strains, fasciitis, leg and foot ligament tears, and also bone injuries: bone fractures (ribs, nose, shoulder, metatarsals) and at the dermal level bacterial infections and mycotites. Conclusion: Knowing the injuries and pathologies suffered by athletes who practice contact sports makes it possible for us as health professionals to act at the level of primary prevention, since the disorders described can lead to podiatric sequelae in the future and by worsening the quality of the life of the athlete (AU)