ABSTRACT
Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is an effective procedure for relieving pain due to vertebral body compression fractures. The technique employs iodinated contrast venography to exclude needle placement directly within the basivertebral complex. We present two cases in which carbon dioxide (CO2) and gadopentetate dimeglumine venography was used to guide percutaneous vertebroplasty in patients with a contraindication to iodinated contrast.
Subject(s)
Carbon Dioxide , Contrast Media/administration & dosage , Gadolinium DTPA , Low Back Pain/surgery , Lumbar Vertebrae/injuries , Phlebography/methods , Spinal Fractures/surgery , Biocompatible Materials , Carbon Dioxide/administration & dosage , Female , Gadolinium DTPA/administration & dosage , Humans , Injections, Intravenous , Low Back Pain/diagnosis , Low Back Pain/etiology , Lumbar Vertebrae/blood supply , Lumbar Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging , Lumbar Vertebrae/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods , Middle Aged , Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods , Polymethyl Methacrylate/therapeutic use , Radionuclide Imaging , Spinal Fractures/complications , Spinal Fractures/diagnosisABSTRACT
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT) immunoreactive fibers and varicosities are present in the gray and white matters of the adult domestic fowl spinal cord. These immunoreactive structures are densest in laminae I and II, the area around the central canal, and in the ventral horn. 5HT fibers and varicosities surround certain laminae I and II cells and large ventral horn cells. The apparent intimate relationship between dorsal horn cells and numerous 5HT structures may render them good models to study the possible role of 5HT in the modulation of nociception in the dorsal horn.
Subject(s)
Chickens/metabolism , Serotonin/metabolism , Spinal Cord/metabolism , Animals , Humans , Immunoenzyme TechniquesABSTRACT
The occurrence and distribution of substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), and enkephalin (ENK) immunoreactive elements were examined in the spinal cord of the domestic fowl, Gallus domesticus. SP immunoreactive fibers and their varicosities were densest in laminae I and II, although they were also found within deeper regions of the dorsal horn. In contrast, the intermediate gray area, the area around the central canal, and the ventral horn, contained fewer SP immunoreactive fibers. The distribution of ENK immunoreactivity in the gray matter was similar to that described for SP although immunoreactive fibers were denser around the central canal and in the intermediate zone. Few SOM immunoreactive fibers were present in the dorsal horn, the area around the central canal, and the ventral horn. All three peptidergic immunoreactive elements were found in and around the nucleus of Terni, an autonomic area. Throughout the lumbosacral enlargement SP, SOM, and ENK immunoreactive varicosities were found adjacent to the lumbosacral sinus and in fibers traversing the glycogen body. In addition, at caudal lumbar and rostral sacral levels a plexus of SP and SOM immunoreactive fibers was observed to be in close relationship with presumed motoneurons.
