Subject(s)
Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Veterinary Medicine/standards , Animals , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Horse Diseases/therapy , Horses , Male , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Tick Infestations/diagnosis , Tick Infestations/prevention & control , Tick Infestations/therapySubject(s)
Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/veterinary , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Veterinary Medicine/standards , Animals , Female , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Horse Diseases/virology , Horses , Male , Nervous System Diseases/diagnosis , Nervous System Diseases/microbiology , Nervous System Diseases/virology , NetherlandsSubject(s)
Digestion/physiology , Digestive System Diseases/veterinary , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Veterinary Medicine/standards , Animals , Digestive System Diseases/diagnosis , Digestive System Diseases/parasitology , Digestive System Diseases/virology , Female , Horse Diseases/parasitology , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Horse Diseases/virology , Horses , MaleSubject(s)
Digestive System Diseases/veterinary , Horse Diseases/microbiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Veterinary Medicine/standards , Animals , Digestion/physiology , Digestive System Diseases/diagnosis , Digestive System Diseases/microbiology , Digestive System Diseases/prevention & control , Female , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Horses , MaleSubject(s)
Horse Diseases/therapy , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Respiratory Tract Infections/veterinary , Veterinary Medicine/standards , Animals , Female , Horse Diseases/diagnosis , Horse Diseases/prevention & control , Horses , Male , Respiratory Tract Infections/diagnosis , Respiratory Tract Infections/prevention & control , Respiratory Tract Infections/therapy , Veterinary Medicine/methodsABSTRACT
Beta-agonists have been shown to display anti-inflammatory properties in several experimental models. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of clenbuterol (CB), administered either intravenously or by aerosol, in comparison with fluticasone propionate (FP) in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO)-susceptible horses. Eight horses, of which five were known to be susceptible to RAO, underwent an inhalation challenge with Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) antigen and were treated with CB intravenously, CB by aerosol, or FP by aerosol. Twenty-four hours after the challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed, the total and differential cell counts were assessed, and cytokines were measured in isolated alveolar macrophages. After challenge with AF, RAO-susceptible horses showed an increase in total cell count, based on an increase in macrophages and lymphocytes, which was inhibited by treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP. Neutrophil ratios were decreased when treated with aerosolized CB and FP. Expression of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL -8 was significantly increased after AF challenge . Interleukin -1beta was significantly decreased following treatment with intravenous CB, aerosolized CB and aerosolized FP, whereas only FP decreased the expression of IL-8. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory property of CB provide new opportunities in the therapeutic intervention of early inflammation in RAO.
Subject(s)
Androstadienes/therapeutic use , Antigens, Fungal/therapeutic use , Bronchodilator Agents/therapeutic use , Clenbuterol/therapeutic use , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/veterinary , Administration, Inhalation , Androstadienes/administration & dosage , Animals , Aspergillus fumigatus/immunology , Aspergillus fumigatus/pathogenicity , Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid/cytology , Bronchodilator Agents/administration & dosage , Clenbuterol/administration & dosage , Cytokines/metabolism , Female , Fluticasone , Horse Diseases/immunology , Horses , Injections, Intravenous/veterinary , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/drug therapy , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/immunology , Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism , Random Allocation , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Blood Coagulation Tests/veterinary , Horse Diseases/pathology , von Willebrand Diseases/veterinary , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Fatal Outcome , Horse Diseases/blood , Horses , Male , Thrombin Time/veterinary , von Willebrand Diseases/blood , von Willebrand Diseases/pathology , von Willebrand Factor/analysisABSTRACT
Healthy horses received aerosolised, intranasal or oral doses of 3 mg of fluticasone propionate evenly divided over morning and evening treatments for seven days. The bioavailability of the drug was determined in terms of the suppression of the endogenous cortisol concentrations in the horses during the period of treatment. The horses which received the aerosolised drug had significantly lower concentrations of endogenous cortisol on days 5 and 8 than the horses which received aerosolised placebo. The horses which received nasal and oral doses of fluticasone propionate showed no significant changes in their endogenous cortisol concentrations.
Subject(s)
Airway Obstruction/veterinary , Androstadienes/pharmacokinetics , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacokinetics , Horse Diseases/drug therapy , Administration, Inhalation , Administration, Intranasal , Administration, Oral , Airway Obstruction/drug therapy , Androstadienes/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Area Under Curve , Biological Availability , Cross-Over Studies , Female , Fluticasone , Horses , Hydrocortisone/blood , Random Allocation , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Rectal tears occur incidentally and often have a poor prognosis. Early recognition of the problem and adequate therapy determine the outcome. The history, clinical examination, therapy, and outcome of two horses with grade IIIb and grade IV rectal tears are discussed.