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1.
Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk ; 12(3): 207-12, 2012 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22420986

ABSTRACT

UNLABELLED: The epigenetic drugs hydralazine and valproate were administered in a compassionate manner to 8 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) refractory to imatinib. Two patients had a complete hematologic response (25%),1 major cytogenetic response, 1 complete cytogenetic response (25% any cytogenetic response), and 3 (37.5%)stable disease. No grade 3 or 4 toxicity was observed. These results show the ability of epigenetic therapy to revert imatinib resistance. BACKGROUND: Epigenetic alterations participate in the development of acquired resistance to imatinib, hence, the DNA methylation, and histone deacetylase inhibitors hydralazine and valproate, respectively, has the potential to overcome it. PATIENT AND METHODS: A series of 8 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) refractory to imatinib mesylate with no access to second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors were treated with hydralazine and valproate in a compassionate manner. Clinical efficacy and safety of these drugs added to imatinib mesylate were evaluated. RESULTS: Two patients were in the blast phase, 5 were in the accelerated phase, and 1 was in the chronic phase. All the patients continued with the same dose of imatinib that they had been receiving at the time of development of resistance, with a median dose of 600 mg daily (range, 400-800 mg). The median time from diagnosis of CML to the start of hydralazine and valproate was 53.6 months (range, 19-84 months). Two (25%) patients had a complete hematologic response, one (12.5%) had an major cytogenetic response, and one (12.5%) had a complete cytogenetic response. Three (37.5%) patients had stable disease, and only one (12.5%) patient failed to respond. At a median follow-up time of 18 months (range, 3-18 months), the median survival had not been reached, and the projected overall survival was 63%. All the patients had mild neurologic toxicity, including distal tremor and somnolence. No grade 3 or 4 toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the epigenetic drugs hydralazine and valproate revert the resistance to imatinib in patients with CML.


Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use , Hydralazine/therapeutic use , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Adult , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Benzamides , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics , Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Hydralazine/administration & dosage , Hydralazine/adverse effects , Imatinib Mesylate , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/mortality , Male , Middle Aged , Piperazines/administration & dosage , Piperazines/adverse effects , Piperazines/pharmacology , Pyrimidines/administration & dosage , Pyrimidines/adverse effects , Pyrimidines/pharmacology , Treatment Outcome , Valproic Acid/administration & dosage , Valproic Acid/adverse effects
2.
Ann Hematol ; 90(4): 379-87, 2011 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20922525

ABSTRACT

Decitabine and azacitidine, two DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors, are the current standard of treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are also being tested against MDS. Both drug classes synergize in their gene reactivating and anticancer activities. The combination of hydralazine and valproate (Transkrip®), a DNMT and HDAC inhibitor, respectively), has been developed as epigenetic therapy under the drug repositioning concept. To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of hydralazine and valproate against MDS, an open phase-II study for previously treated patients with MDS was conducted. The hydralazine dose was given according with the acetylator phenotype, and valproate was dosed at 30 mg/kg/day. Response was graded with International Working Group criteria. Toxicity was evaluated by the Common Toxemia Criteria-National Cancer Institute version 3 scale. From November 2007 to January 2010, 12 patients were included. Median age±SD was 53±19.78 years (range, 23-79 years); median time from diagnosis to inclusion in the study was 7.9 months (range 2.6-36.1 months). Median of previous treatment was 2 (range, 1-6). Refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia was diagnosed in ten cases, and refractory anemia with excess of blasts in two. Overall response was documented in six (50%) of 12 cases, including one CR, one PR, and four hematological improvements of the erythroid series. Two patients (16.6%) progressed to acute myeloid leukemia. Hemoglobin increased from 7.4 to 10.3 g/dL (in 13 weeks), neutrophils, from 1.1 to 2.0 (in 3 weeks), and platelets, from 66×10(9) to 72×10(9)/L (in 2 weeks). Transfusional requirements decreased from 2.3 to 0 U bi-monthly for red blood cells and from 0.5 to 0 U bi-monthly for platelets in responding patients. Main toxicities were mild, including somnolence and nausea. Preliminary results of this phase-II study suggest that the combination of hydralazine and valproate is a promising non-toxic and effective therapy for MDS.


Subject(s)
Epigenomics , Hydralazine/therapeutic use , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics , Valproic Acid/therapeutic use , Adult , Aged , Azacitidine/analogs & derivatives , Azacitidine/therapeutic use , Cytogenetic Analysis , DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors , DNA Modification Methylases/antagonists & inhibitors , Decitabine , Female , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/blood , Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Humans , Hydralazine/blood , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Middle Aged , Myelodysplastic Syndromes/blood , Treatment Outcome , Valproic Acid/blood , Young Adult
3.
Rev. invest. clín ; 47(6): 447-52, nov.-dic. 1995. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-164616

ABSTRACT

Objetivo. Conocer si la relación cobre/zinc (cobre elevado, zinc bajo) se encuentra aumentada en pacientes con neoplasias malignas hematológicas comparada con sujetos controles sanos de edad y sexo similares. Metodología. Se estudiaron 44 pacientes con neoplasias hemato-concológicas de reciente diagnóstico, sin tratamiento previo: 17 linfomas (11 no-Hodgkin), 15 con leucemia aguda (10 mieloblásticas) y 12 con leucemia crónica (8 granulocíticas). También se incluyeron 95 sujetos controles sanos. Se utizó un espectrofotómetro de absorción atómica (Perkin Elmer modelo 2380) para la cuantificación de los niveles séricos de cobre y zinc. Resultados. Los niveles séricos de cobre (µg/dL) fueron significativamente menores en los sujetos controles(54.4 ñ 8.9, p< 0.05), en comparación con los pacientes con linfoma (93.7 ñ 37.5), con leucemia aguda (80.6 ñ 44.6) y con leucemia crónica (95.7 ñ 28.9) mientras que los niveles séricos de zinc (µg/dL) resultaron significativamente mayores en sujetos controles (100.4 ñ 14, p< 0.05) en comparación con los pacientes con linfoma (77.2 ñ 22.6), leucemia aguda (66 ñ 15.6) o leucemia crónica (74.8 ñ 14.7). La relación cobre/zinc resultó ser significativamente más baja en sujetos controles (0.54 ñ 0.13, p< 0.05) que en pacientes con linfoma (1.21 ñ 0.5), leucemia aguda (1.22 ñ 0.7) o leucemia crónica (1.28 ñ 0.4). Veintitrés pacientes falleciron durante el seguimiento (media de 13 meses) observándose que sus niveles séricos de zinc fueron significativamente más bajos (68 ñ 28) que en los pacientes que sobrevivieron (76 ñ 15, p< 0.05). Conclusión. La relación sobre/zinc se encuentra significativamente elevada en pacientes con neoplasias malignas hematológicas


Subject(s)
Male , Copper/blood , Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/blood , Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood , Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin/blood , Lymphoma/blood , Trace Elements/analysis , Trace Elements/blood , Zinc/blood , Zinc/deficiency
4.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 125(9/10): 283-94, sept.-oct. 1989. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-95310

ABSTRACT

Se presentan los resultados de la clasificación inmunológica de 147 casos de leucemias agudas sin morfología mieloide definitiva. Entre ellos, se identificaron 128 casos de leucemia aguda linfoblástica y 19 casos de leucemia aguda linfoblástica y 19 casos de leucemia aguda megacarioblástica, la variedad M7 de la clasificación FAB. De los casos de leucemia linfoblástica, la variedad más frecuente fue la leucemia linfoblástica "común", con antígeno CALLA/CD10, seguida de la leucemia linfoblástica de linfocitos "nulos". Las leucemias linfoblásticas de linfocitos B ocuparon el 11 por ciento de los casos y las de linfocitos T el 5.4 por ciento, siendo estas últimas prevalencias diferentes de las observadas en otros sitios del mundo. La clasificación inmunológica fue útil para establecer el pronóstico de los pacientes, ya que los enfermos con leucemias linfoides de fenotipo inmunológico "favorable" tuvieron mejor evolución que aquellos con fenotipo inmunológico T ó B. Se describen también los datos clínicos y de laboratorio de las leucemias megacriobláticas, hasta hace poco consideradas como infrecuentes, que ocuparon el 8 por ciento de los casos de leucemia aguda en esta serie


Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Male , Female , Classification , Leukemia/classification , Leukemia/immunology , Phenotype/classification
6.
Rev. invest. clín ; 34(2): 151-6, 1982.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-9837

ABSTRACT

Con el fin de determinar las caracteristicas clinicas, de laboratorio, terapeuticas y pronosticas de los pacientes con leucemia linfocitica cronica en la Republica Mexicana, se revisaron 49 casos identificados a lo largo de 35 anos en el Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran. La edad promedio fue de 63.53 anos y la relacion masculino/feminino de 1/0,88.Los datos de laboratorio no difirieron de los reportados previamente en la literatura. La frecuencia de episodios infecciosos en el grupo de pacientes fue de 1.68 por ano y de 2.82 en aquellos en quienes se encontro hipogammaglobulinemia. La mediana de la sobrevida de todo el grupo fue de 47.36 meses y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en esta de acuerdo con la clasificacion por estadios de Rai o con modalidad terapeutica empleada, probablemente por el indice alto de perdidas al seguimiento, que fue de 49%


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Leukemia, Lymphoid , Mexico
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