ABSTRACT
Adaptation to hypothermia is important for skeletal muscle cells under physiological stress and is used for therapeutic hypothermia (mild hypothermia at 32 °C). We show that hypothermic preconditioning at 32 °C for 72 hours improves the differentiation of skeletal muscle myoblasts using both C2C12 and primary myoblasts isolated from 3 month and 18-month-old mice. We analyzed the cold-shock proteome of myoblasts exposed to hypothermia (32 °C for 6 and 48 h) and identified significant changes in pathways related to RNA processing and central carbon, fatty acid, and redox metabolism. The analysis revealed that levels of the cold-shock protein RBM3, an RNA-binding protein, increases with both acute and chronic exposure to hypothermic stress, and is necessary for the enhanced differentiation and maintenance of mitochondrial metabolism. We also show that overexpression of RBM3 at 37 °C is sufficient to promote mitochondrial metabolism, cellular proliferation, and differentiation of C2C12 and primary myoblasts. Proteomic analysis of C2C12 myoblasts overexpressing RBM3 show significant enrichment of pathways involved in fatty acid metabolism, RNA metabolism and the electron transport chain. Overall, we show that the cold-shock protein RBM3 is a critical factor that can be used for controlling the metabolic network of myoblasts.
Subject(s)
Cell Differentiation , Mitochondria , Myoblasts , Proteome , RNA-Binding Proteins , Animals , RNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism , RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics , Mice , Myoblasts/metabolism , Mitochondria/metabolism , Proteome/metabolism , Cold-Shock Response , Cell LineABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Percutaneous renal biopsy can result in serious complications. The study is aimed to compare the safety and yield between the two approaches of biopsy techniques: the conventional craniocaudal and the caudocranial trajectory of the biopsy needle under real-time ultrasound guidance. METHODS: In this prospective observational study, a total of 80 serial kidney biopsies were performed, 40 with craniocaudal angulation and 40 with caudocranial angulation of the biopsy needle on the random allocation of 1:1 in each group. In the craniocaudal approach, the patient must hold the breath in deep inspiration to make a lower pole of the kidney approachable during unloading the biopsy gun, which was not required in caudocranial trajectory as the lower pole was approachable without holding the breath in deep inspiration. All kidney biopsies were performed percutaneously under real-time ultrasonogram guidance with a 16-cm-long, 16- or 18-gauge needles with a penetration depth of 22 mm and a sample notch of 18 mm. The yield and complications between the two groups were analyzed. RESULTS: Both the groups were comparable in essential demographic characteristics. The study found that the caudocranial position of renal biopsy is equally suitable concerning tissue yield without any increase in the risk of complications and a smaller number of passes to obtain adequate tissue. CONCLUSION: Caudocranial trajectory of the biopsy needle using a probe needle guide is as safe as the craniocaudal approach. Both approaches have similar yield and complications; however, the caudocranial approach provides ease to the patient during the procedure.
Subject(s)
Biopsy, Needle , Image-Guided Biopsy/methods , Kidney Diseases/pathology , Kidney/pathology , Ultrasonography, Interventional , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Biopsy, Needle/instrumentation , Child , Equipment Design , Female , Humans , Image-Guided Biopsy/adverse effects , Image-Guided Biopsy/instrumentation , Kidney/diagnostic imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Needles , Predictive Value of Tests , Prospective Studies , Risk Factors , Young AdultSubject(s)
Empyema, Pleural/microbiology , Endocarditis, Bacterial/microbiology , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapy , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Pleural Effusion/microbiology , Renal Dialysis/adverse effects , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Early Diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/diagnosis , Empyema, Pleural/drug therapy , Endocarditis, Bacterial/diagnosis , Endocarditis, Bacterial/drug therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pleural Effusion/diagnosis , Pleural Effusion/drug therapy , Predictive Value of Tests , Sputum/microbiology , Staphylococcal Infections/diagnosis , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Temporal lobe tumors commonly present with seizures, headache, auditory and visual hallucination, memory disturbance. Isolated cranial neuropathies are rare in patients with tumors affecting temporal lobe. METHODS AND MATERIAL: The authors report a retrospective review of two cases of glioblastoma multiforme of the temporal lobe presenting with isolated oculomotor nerve palsy as their clinical feature. RESULTS: Oculomotor nerve palsy in the temporal lobe tumor occurs primarily as result of herniation of uncus through the tentorium cerebellli. The tumors located anteromedially in the temporal lobe are usually asymptomatic and sudden medial expansion of these tumors due to intratumoral hemorrhage causes direct compression of the adjacent third nerve, which lies in the suprolateral border of the cavernous sinus, thereby producing painful oculomotor nerve palsy as the isolated clinical feature of these temporal lobe lesions. CONCLUSIONS: The authors conclude that the differential diagnosis of painful isolated oculomotor nerve palsy should also include tumor of temporal lobe located anteromedially with intratumoral hemorrhage, in addition to the rupture of an aneurysm of posterior communicating artery.
ABSTRACT
Peyronie's disease is characterized by the formation of a fibrotic plaque in the tunica albugenia of the penis. Two patients with calcified butterfly shaped plaques involving the ventrolateral aspect of the penis are described. These patients were managed by plaque excision and dermal grafting with excellent post-operative results.
