In the Spotlight: Role of Gla-100 in the Glycemic Management of Hospitalized people with diabetes.

Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients represent a major concern as they are associated with adverse outcomes-including increased rates of infection, longer hospital stay, and even death. Insulin therapy is the mainstay in the management of inpatient hyperglycemia. The traditional approach of sliding scale insulin (SSI) therapy for the temporary management of blood glucose levels in hospitalized patients, has now given way to basal-bolus insulin (BBI) therapy. This is owing to the BBI affording a better glycemic control in non-critical hospital settings as observed in multiple clinical studies using insulin glargine 100 U/mL (Gla-100) as the basal component. Furthermore, a string of clinical studies has also attested to Gla-100 being used effectively even in patients on corticosteroids, enteral or parenteral nutrition, and in perioperative settings. Hence, overall, the existing evidence would point to the growing role of BBI regimens centering around basal insulin like Gla-100 as an effective option with low safety concerns for insulin therapy in both hospitalized and out-patient settings in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Extract of Holoptelea Integrifolia and Argyreia Speciosa in Animal Models.

BACKGROUND: Long term use of NSAIDs, opioids and corticosteroids was associated with serious adverse effects. Hence, the search for a safer analgesic and anti-inflammatory agent was always going on. It was considered worthwhile to evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Holoptelea integrifolia and Argyreia speciosa. AIM: To evaluate analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract of leaves of Holoptelea Integrifolia and methanolic extract of Argyreia Speciosa root powder in mice and rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After obtaining permission from animal ethics committee, the animals were divided into 7 groups of 6 animals each {control, standard - ibuprofen 100mg/kg, Holoptelea integrifolia (250 and 500 mg/kg), Argyreia speciosa (100 and 300 mg/kg) and combination of Holoptelea integrifolia (250 mg/kg) and Argyreia speciosa (100 mg/kg)}. The analgesic activity of the extracts was evaluated using tail-flick with radiant heat and acetic acid induced writhing method and the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw oedema method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: One-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc test. p < 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: In tail-flick method, both Holoptelea integrifolia and Argyreia speciosa produced significant (p<0.05) increase in latency as compared to control, their combination showed a significant increase in latency as compared to control as well as to the standard - ibuprofen. In writhing method, Holoptelea integrifolia and Argyreia speciosa, alone and in combination, significantly decreased the number of writhes as compared to control. In paw oedema method, both Holoptelea integrifolia and Argyreia speciosa showed significant inhibition of paw oedema as compared to control and the activity was comparable to ibuprofen. CONCLUSION: Extracts of Holoptelea integrifolia and Argyreia speciosa exhibits significant central and peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.