Utility of serum NOX4 as a potential prognostic biomarker for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

BACKGROUND: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4 (NOX4) plays an important role in the formation of oxidative stress in brain tissues. We intended to investigate relationship between serum NOX4 concentrations and severity, delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) plus prognosis after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). METHODS: Serum NOX4 concentrations were gauged in a total of 165 aSAH patients. The World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) scale and modified Fisher grading scale were recorded for assessing hemorrhagic severity. Relations of serum NOX4 concentrations to DCI and 90-day poor outcome (Glasgow outcome scale score of 1-3) were determined using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Serum NOX4 concentrations were substantially higher in patients with 90-day poor outcome or DCI than in other remainders. Serum NOX4 concentrations of patients were intimately correlated with WFNS scores and modified Fisher scores. Serum NOX4 appeared as an independent predictor for DCI and 90-day poor outcome after aSAH. Under ROC curve analysis, serum NOX4 concentrations possessed significantly high predictive capability for DCI and 90-day poor outcome following hemorrhagic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Serum NOX4 concentrations, in close correlation with hemorrhagic severity, were independently associated with DCI and poor clinical outcome after hemorrhagic stroke, substantializing serum NOX4 as a promising prognostic biomarker for aSAH.

Evaluation of the TRPM protein family as potential biomarkers for various types of human cancer using public database analyses.

The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM) protein family members have been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of different types of human cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not yet been a systematic study regarding the mRNA expression of the TRPM protein family or its prognostic value in human cancer. The present study investigated TRPM expression and its prognostic value in various human cancer types via the Oncomine database, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and the PrognoScan and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases. It was revealed that the transcriptional levels of TRPM1, TRPM3 and TRPM6 were decreased in the majority of cancer tissues, while TRPM2 was increased in most cancer types. In addition, the high or low transcriptional levels of the TRPM protein family members were associated with survival outcomes of different types of solid tumors. The present study suggested that certain TRPM protein family members may serve as useful biomarkers for cancer prognosis and anticancer targets for cancer treatment.