Typology of Personal Characteristics of Cadets Who Use Psychoactive Substances

The aime of this study was the development of the typology of personal characteristics of cadets who used drugs on a permanent, temporary, or single basis. Sixty five cadets from different courses of the higher educational institution participated in this study. A medical examination verified the drug abuse. Determination of Type Accentuation of Character Traits and Temper, Questionnaire of Suicide Risk, Sіxteen Personality Factor Questionnare, Progressive Matrix, Questionnaire on Examination of Professional Selection Motivation, Self-Esteem Structures of Temper Questionnaire, and Multilevel Personality Adaptability’ Questionnaire were used as instruments for evaluate personal characteristics. Cluster analysis differentiate the cadets who use drugs through the indicators of adaptive abilities. Developed typology gave the possibility to distinguish the reason of cadets being sensitive in relation to drug-dealers manipulations; e.g., openness, desire to get impressions, naivete, eagerness to become a part of the group, credulity, unreal expectations, desire to be active, and tendency to unnecessary risking (AU)

Ln(iii) complexes (Ln = Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) with a chiral ligand containing 1,10-phenanthroline and (-)-menthol fragments: synthesis, structure, magnetic properties and photoluminescence.

A series of lanthanide(iii) complexes based on the new chiral ligand L, which contains 1,10-phenanthroline and (-)-menthol fragments, namely [LnL2(NO3)3] (Ln = Eu (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), Dy (4)), have been synthesized and structurally characterized. Complexes 1-4 are isostructural and crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric space group P41212. The mononuclear complexes comprise a 10-coordinate Ln3+ ion with two bidentate N,N-donor ligands (L) and three bidentate chelating nitrate groups. The magnetic properties of complexes 1-4 are determined mainly by the Ln3+ ions. In the case of complexes 3 and 4, significant anisotropy results in nonlinear field dependences of magnetization at low temperature. Complexes 1, 3 and 4 exhibit metal-centered red (Eu3+), green (Tb3+) and yellow (Dy3+) luminescence, respectively, whereas complex 2 displays blue ligand-based luminescence in the solid state at room temperature. The luminescence quantum yield for the solid samples increases in the order 4 < 2 ≈ 3 < 1. The europium(iii) complex shows long luminescence lifetimes (up to 1750 µs) and a very high quantum yield (φf = 0.87); these make this compound promising for application in sensing and optoelectronics.

Photochemistry of Dithiocarbamate Cu(S2CNEt2)2 Complex in CHCl3. Transient Species and TD-DFT Calculations.

Nanosecond laser flash photolysis was used to study the mechanism of photochemical transformations of the diethyldithiocarbamate Cu(II) complex (Cu(dtc)2, where dtc- ≡ -S2CNEt2 anion) in chloroform solutions. The electron transfer from the excited Cu(dtc)2 complex to a solvent molecule leads to the appearance of the primary intermediate, the [ClCu(dtc)(dtcCHCl2)] complex, where a dtcCHCl2 molecule is coordinated with a copper ion via one sulfur atom. In the fast reaction (k = 2.1 × 109 M-1 s-1) with Cu(dtc)2, this complex forms a long-lived dimer [ClCu(dtc)(dtcCHCl2)Cu(dtc)2]. This intermediate decays during several seconds (k = 5.6 × 10-2 s-1) into the final product, i.e., a diamagnetic dimer [ClCu(dtc)Cu(dtc)2]. To determine the structure of intermediate complexes the quantum chemical calculations were carried out using DFT, TD-DFT, and PCM (Polarizable Continuum Model) methods.

Femtosecond spectroscopy of the dithiolate Cu(II) and Ni(II) complexes.

Femtosecond spectroscopy was applied to study the ultrafast dynamics for the excited states of dithiolate Cu(ii) and Ni(ii) complexes. The detailed information on the initial steps after the absorption of a photon by the metal complexes is of fundamental importance to understand the mechanism of photochemical reactions. The fast processes for the dithiolate complexes have hardly been studied. In this review the spectra of transients and their lifetimes will be presented. For example, the xanthogenate Ni(S2COEt)2 complex in acetonitrile and CCl4 after the pulse of the second harmonic (100 fs, 400 nm) of a Ti:S laser moves to the excited (1)LMCT state which decays in 0.76 ps to the excited (3)LF state. In 6.8 ps the (3)LF state undergoes vibrational cooling and then it slowly decays in 550 ps to the ground state. However, for many dithiolate complexes the kinetic curves can be well treated in a two-exponential approximation. A short time (less than 1 ps) may include several processes (relaxation of the Franck-Condon state, redistribution of vibrational energy (IVR), internal conversion (IC) and intersystem crossing (ISC)). A long time (a few picoseconds) usually reflects the vibrational cooling of the ground state. The quantum yields of the dithiolate and dithiolene complex disappearance in halogen containing solvents have a strong dependence on the wavelength of irradiation. It is very likely that electron transfer to the acceptor becomes effective when the electron in the excited complex moves to antibonding ligand orbitals localized at the periphery of the complex close to the acceptor molecule (halogenated solvent).

Photochemistry of dithiocarbamate Cu(II) complex in CCl4.

Laser pulse photolysis was used to study the nature and reactions of intermediates in the photochemistry of the flat dithiocarbamate complex Cu(Et(2)dtc)(2) in CCl(4). A nanosecond laser pulse (355 nm) is shown to induce intermediate absorption bands of bivalent copper complex whose coordination sphere contains a dithiocarbamate radical Et(2)dtc(•) and a chloride ion at the axial position ([(Et(2)dtc)Cu(Et(2)dtc(•))Cl(a)]). At room temperature during some microseconds after the laser pulse, this intermediate interacts with the initial complex to form presumably a dimer [Cu(2)(Et(2)dtc)(3)(Et(2)dtc(•))Cl]. The latter vanishes in the second-order reaction. Analysis of kinetic and spectral features gives the arguments for the formation of a cluster [Cu(2)(Et(2)dtc)(3)Cl-tds-Cu(2)(Et(2)dtc)(3)Cl], which produces a new absorption band at 345 nm. The cluster decomposes in ∼5 ms into final products, a binuclear complex [Cu(2)(Et(2)dtc)(3)Cl] and tetraethylthiuramdisulfide (Et(4)tds).

Three differently coloured concomitant polymorphs: synthesis, structure and packing analysis of (4-(3',5'-dimethyl-1H-pyrazol-1'-yl)-6-methyl-2-phenylpyrimidine)dichlorocopper(II).

A novel pyrazolylpyrimidine ligand (L) and its complex CuLCl(2) were prepared and structurally characterized. The simultaneous crystallization of three polymorphs of CuLCl(2), green (G), emerald green (EG) and orange (O), was discovered. The molecular structures vary only slightly between the three forms. The Cu atom forms four coordinate bonds with the two N and two Cl atoms, and a shortened Cu...H contact with an H atom of the phenyl ring in L. The structural difference between polymorphs was analyzed with the boundary surfaces of molecular Voronoi-Dirichlet polyhedra. The difference in colour of the polymorphs is likely to be due to the different pi-pi stackings. There is no stacking in the G modification, but EG and O polymorphs demonstrate face-to-face and slipped stacking, resulting in dimers and infinite chains, respectively. The EG and O polymorphs are packed according to the hexagonal close-packing motif, while in G no special topology is found.