Development and validation of automated SPE-HPLC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of asenapine, a new antipsychotic agent, and its two major metabolites in human urine.

To support the evaluation of the pharmacokinetic parameters of asenapine (ASE) in urine, we developed and validated online solid-phase extraction high-performance liquid chromatography methods with tandem mass spectrometry detection (SPE-LC-MS/MS) for the quantification of ASE and two of its major metabolites, N-desmethylasenapine (DMA) and asenapine-N⁺-glucuronide (ASG). The linearity in human urine was found acceptable for quantification in a concentration range of 0.500-100 ng/mL for ASE and DMA and 10.0-3000 ng/mL for ASG, respectively.

Quantification of asenapine and three metabolites in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with automated solid-phase extraction: application to a phase I clinical trial with asenapine in healthy male subjects.

The development and validation of methods for determining concentrations of the antipsychotic drug asenapine (ASE) and three of its metabolites [N-desmethylasenapine (DMA), asenapine-N(+) -glucuronide (ASG) and 11-O-sulfate-asenapine (OSA)] in human plasma using LC-MS/MS with automated solid-phase extraction is described. The three assessment methods in human plasma were found to be acceptable for quantification in the ranges 0.0250-20.0 ng/mL (ASE), 0.0500-20.0 ng/mL (DMA and OSA) and 0.250-50.0 ng/mL (ASG).

The effect of food composition on serum testosterone levels after oral administration of Andriol Testocaps.

OBJECTIVE: Andriol Testocaps is a new oral formulation of testosterone undecanoate (TU) for treatment of hypogonadism. As TU is taken up by the intestinal lymphatic system, both the presence and the composition of food influence the absorption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of food composition on the pharmacokinetics of oral TU. DESIGN: An open-label, single-centre, four-way crossover study. With a washout period of 6-7 days, 80 mg TU was administered in the morning 5 min after consuming each of four different meals in a randomized order (A: 230 kcal, 0.6 g lipid; B: 220 kcal, 5 g lipid; C: 474 kcal, 19 g lipid; D: 837 kcal, 44 g lipid). PATIENTS: Twenty-four postmenopausal volunteers. MEASUREMENTS: Serial blood samples were collected until 24 h after dosing to determine testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). RESULTS: The bioavailability of testosterone after a low-calorie meal containing 0.6 g lipid or 5 g lipid was relatively low, the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC(0-tlast)) for testosterone being 30.7 and 43.5 nmol h/l, respectively. The bioavailability of testosterone after a meal containing 19 g lipid was considerably higher (AUC(0-tlast) = 146 nmol h/l), whereas increasing the lipid content to 44 g lipid did not further increase the bioavailability of testosterone (AUC(0-tlast) = 154 nmol h/l). CONCLUSION: Approximately 19 g of lipid per meal efficiently increases absorption of testosterone from oral TU. Therefore, coadministration with a normal rather than a fatty meal is sufficient to increase serum testosterone levels when using oral TU.

Contribution of lymphatically transported testosterone undecanoate to the systemic exposure of testosterone after oral administration of two andriol formulations in conscious lymph duct-cannulated dogs.

Orally administered testosterone (T) is ineffective in the treatment of male androgen deficiency syndromes due to extensive presystemic first-pass metabolism. In contrast, the lipophilic long-chain ester testosterone undecanoate (TU) exhibits androgenic activity that has been attributed to formation of T via systemic hydrolysis of lymphatically transported TU. However, there are no definitive data regarding the oral bioavailability of TU or the extent to which lymphatically transported TU contributes to the systemic availability of T after oral TU administration. This report describes the application of stable isotope methodology in a thoracic lymph duct-cannulated dog model to study the oral bioavailability and lymphatic transport of TU after postprandial administration. When administered as either Andriol or Andriol Testocaps, the mean (+/-S.E., n = 4) absolute bioavailability of TU was 3.25 +/- 0.48 and 2.88 +/- 0.88%, respectively, and lymphatically transported TU accounted for between 91.5 and 99.7% of the systemically available ester. Model-independent pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that 83.6 +/- 1.6 and 84.1 +/- 8.2% of the systemically available T, resulting from Andriol or Andriol Testocaps, respectively, was due to systemic hydrolysis of lymphatically transported TU. These data demonstrate that intestinal lymphatic transport of TU produces increased systemic exposure of T by avoiding the extensive first-pass effect responsible for the inactivation of T after oral administration.