Improving cardiovascular magnetic resonance access in low- and middle-income countries for cardiomyopathy assessment: rapid cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

AIMS: To evaluate the impact of a simplified, rapid cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) protocol embedded in care and supported by a partner education programme on the management of cardiomyopathy (CMP) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS AND RESULTS: Rapid CMR focused particularly on CMP was implemented in 11 centres, 7 cities, 5 countries, and 3 continents linked to training courses for local professionals. Patients were followed up for 24 months to assess impact. The rate of subsequent adoption was tracked. Five CMR conferences were delivered (920 attendees-potential referrers, radiographers, reporting cardiologists, or radiologists) and five new centres starting CMR. Six hundred and one patients were scanned. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance indications were 24% non-contrast T2* scans [myocardial iron overload (MIO)] and 72% suspected/known cardiomyopathies (including ischaemic and viability). Ninety-eighty per cent of studies were of diagnostic quality. The average scan time was 22 ± 6 min (contrast) and 12 ± 4 min (non-contrast), a potential cost/throughput reduction of between 30 and 60%. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings impacted management in 62%, including a new diagnosis in 22% and MIO detected in 30% of non-contrast scans. Nine centres continued using rapid CMR 2 years later (typically 1-2 days per week, 30 min slots). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid CMR of diagnostic quality can be delivered using available technology in LMICs. When embedded in care and a training programme, costs are lower, care is improved, and services can be sustained over time.

Diagnóstico y tratamiento de la angina de Ludwig: reporte de un caso / Diagnosis and treatment of Ludwig's Angina: a case report

La angina de Ludwig es una celulitis potencialmente mortal, rápidamente progresiva que involucra el piso de boca y la región cervico-facial. Se caracteriza por una induración y afectación del espacio submandibular, sublingual y submental. Cursa con alteraciones sistémicas y metabólicas. Por lo general, no se observan abscesos o linfadenopatías en la descripción clásica, sin embargo la progresión a la formación de abscesos dentro del espacio involucrado y los espacios contiguos es frecuente. La etiología en la mayoría de casos es odontogénica. El tratamiento debe priorizar el manejo de la vía aérea, drenaje quirúrgico, eliminación de la causa de infección, antibioticoterapia rápida agresiva y el control metabólico con soporte hídrico electrolítico. Se presenta el caso de una paciente mujer con antecedentes de anemia y odontalgia de pieza dentaria del maxilar inferior. Acudió por el servicio de emergencia con un aumento de volumen de tercio inferior facial, con predominio de región submandibular bilateral, submental y sublingual. Mal estado general, fiebre, taquicardia, disfagia, odinofagia y leucocitosis. Se diagnosticó angina de Ludwig. Se realizó el manejo de la vía aérea, drenaje intraoral, drenaje extraoral, exodoncia, antibioticoterapia inmediata y soporte hídrico electrolítico. Evolucionó favorablemente y posteriormente fue dada de alta sin complicaciones. Palabras clave: Angina de Ludwig; Celulitis; Mandíbula.

Ludwig's angina is a life-threatening, rapidly progressive cellulitis that involves the floor of the mouth and the cervico-facial region. With induration and involvement of bilateral submandibular space, sublingual bilateral and submental. It presents with systemic and metabolic alterations. In general, no abscess or lymphadenopathy is seen in the classic description However, progression to abscess formation within the space involved and contiguous spaces is common. The etiology in most cases is odontogenic. Treatment should prioritize the management of the airway, surgical drainage, elimination of the cause of infection, aggressive rapid antibiotic therapy and metabolic control with electrolytic water support. A female patient with a history of anemia presented odontalgia of the lower jaw teeth. She came the emergency room with an increase in volume of the lower third of the face. Predominantly on submandibular bilateral, submental and sublingual regions, as well as scanted general condition, fever, tachycardia, dysphagia, odynophagia and leukocytosis. The diagnosis of Ludwig's angina was reached. Management of the airway, intraoral drainage, extraoral drainage, exodontia, immediate antibiotic therapy and electrolytic water support; were performed. She evolved favorably and was later discharged without complications. Keywords: Cellulitis; Ludwig's angina; Mandible.

[Epidemiological characteristics of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Peru: Results of the PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (PERSTEMI)]. / Características epidemiológicas del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Perú: resultados del PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (PERSTEMI).

OBJECTIVE: To determine the epidemiological characteristics, treatment, reperfusion strategies and in-hospital adverse events of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction in Peru. METHODS: Observational, prospective multicentre study in patients over 18 years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction. RESULTS: A total of 396 patients were enrolled in the registry during February 2016 to February 2017. The mean age was 64.9±12 years, and 21% were women. In the first 12h of onset 38% of patients were fibrinolysed, 29% underwent primary PCI, and 33% did not receive any reperfusion. Pharmaco-invasive strategy was used in 12.9% of cases. The fibrinolysis was successful in 65% of patients, and primary PCI success was 82%. The hospital stay was 6 days (IQR 5-10). In-hospital mortality was 10.1%, with the first cause of death being due to cardiogenic shock. The rate of in-hospital re-infarction was 2.2%, and the rate of acute heart failure was 25%. Age>75 years, large infarct size, left ventricular ejection fraction<40%, and absence of negative T waves on post-reperfusion electrocardiogram were independently related to higher in-hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: In Peru, ST elevation myocardial infarction most frequently affects men between 60-70 years. The most frequent initial reperfusion treatment is fibrinolysis, followed by primary angioplasty, and pharmaco-invasive strategy. The main reason for the lack of administration of reperfusion treatment was the delay from symptoms onset to first medical contact. The most common cause of in-hospital death was cardiogenic shock.

Características epidemiológicas del infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Perú: resultados del PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (PERSTEMI) / Epidemiological characteristics of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Peru: Results of the PEruvian Registry of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (PERSTEMI)

Resumen Objetivo: Determinar las características epidemiológicas, el tratamiento, las estrategias de reperfusión y los eventos adversos intrahospitalarios de pacientes con infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Perú. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo, multicéntrico a nivel nacional, en pacientes mayores de 18 años hospitalizados con diagnóstico de infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST. Resultados: Desde febrero de 2016 a febrero de 2017, 396 pacientes fueron enrolados; la edad promedio fue de 64.9 ± 12 años y el 21% eran mujeres. En las primeras 12 h de evolución un 38% fueron fibrinolisados, en un 29% se realizó PCI primaria y un 33% no recibieron reperfusión. En el 12.9% se usó estrategia farmacoinvasiva. La tasa de éxito de la fibrinólisis fue de un 65% y la de la PCI primaria fue de un 82%. La estancia hospitalaria fue de 6 días (RIQ 5-10). La mortalidad intrahospitalaria llegó a un 10.1%, siendo la principal causa de muerte el choque cardiogénico. La tasa de reinfarto intrahospitalario fue de 2.2% y de falla cardiaca postinfarto, de 25%. La edad > 75 años, grandes tamaños de infarto, la fracción de eyección de ventrículo izquierdo < 40% y la ausencia de ondas T negativas en el electrocardiograma posreperfusión fueron variables relacionadas de manera independiente con una mayor mortalidad intrahospitalaria. Conclusiones: El infarto de miocardio con elevación del segmento ST en Perú afecta con más frecuencia a varones de entre 60 y 70 años. El tratamiento de reperfusión inicial más frecuente es la fibrinólisis, seguida por la angioplastia primaria y la estrategia farmacoinvasiva. El motivo principal de la falta de administración de tratamiento de reperfusión fue la demora desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el primer contacto médico. La causa más frecuente de muerte intrahospitalaria es el choque cardiogénico.

Abstract Objective: To determine the epidemiological characteristics, treatment, reperfusion strategies and in-hospital adverse events of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction in Peru. Methods: Observational, prospective multicentre study in patients over 18 years admitted to hospital with a diagnosis of ST elevation myocardial infarction. Results: A total of 396 patients were enrolled in the registry during February 2016 to February 2017. The mean age was 64.9 ± 12 years, and 21% were women. In the first 12 h of onset 38% of patients were fibrinolysed, 29% underwent primary PCI, and 33% did not receive any reperfusion. Pharmaco-invasive strategy was used in 12.9% of cases. The fibrinolysis was successful in 65% of patients, and primary PCI success was 82%. The hospital stay was 6 days (IQR 5-10). In-hospital mortality was 10.1%, with the first cause of death being due to cardiogenic shock. The rate of in-hospital re-infarction was 2.2%, and the rate of acute heart failure was 25%. Age > 75 years, large infarct size, left ventricular ejection fraction < 40%, and absence of negative T waves on post-reperfusion electrocardiogram were independently related to higher in-hospital mortality. Conclusions: In Peru, ST elevation myocardial infarction most frequently affects men between 60-70 years. The most frequent initial reperfusion treatment is fibrinolysis, followed by primary angioplasty, and pharmaco-invasive strategy. The main reason for the lack of administration of reperfusion treatment was the delay from symptoms onset to first medical contact. The most common cause of in-hospital death was cardiogenic shock.

Características clínicas, patológicas y evolución en pacientes con cáncer de mama hereditario y esporádico en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas / Clinical, pathological characteristics and evolution in patients with hereditary and sporadic breast cancer at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas

Determinar las características clínicas, patológicas y evolución de pacientes con cáncer de mama hereditario y esporádico evaluados en un centro oncológico nacional. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo observacional en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (2009-2010) que evaluó las características clínicas, patológicas y sobrevida de 95 pacientes con cáncer de mama esporádico, y 59 casos con patrón hereditario diagnosticados en base a la historia familiar por el servicio de Genética. Resultados: La media de edad fue significativamente menor en los casos hereditarios que los esporádicos (53,5 vs. 44,8 años; p<0.001). Las pacientes con cáncer esporádico fueron diagnosticadas en estadios clínicos más avanzados debido a diferencias significativas en el tamaño tumoral. El fenotipo triple negativo fue más frecuente en los casos con patrón hereditario que los esporádicos (44.1 vs. 28.9%; p=0.036). La indicación de quimioterapia neoadyuvante fue significativamente mayor en el grupo esporádico. Las tasas de sobrevida libre de enfermedad y sobrevida global no alcanzaron significancia estadística. Conclusiones: Los casos de cáncer de mama hereditario presentan con mayor frecuencia fenotipo triple negativo y son diagnosticados a menor edad en promedio que los esporádicos. Las tasas de sobrevida global y sobrevida libre de enfermedad fueron similares entre ambos grupos.

Describe the clinicopathological characteristics and outcome in patients with hereditary and sporadic breast cancer selected from a national cancer center. Material and methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (2009-2010), including 95 sporadic and 59 hereditary breast cancer patients. They were diagnosed on basis of their family history by the Department of Genetics. Results: The median age at diagnosis of hereditary cases were significant lower than sporadic (53,5 vs. 44,8 years; p=<0.001). Sporadic cancer patients were diagnosed at more advanced stage mainly because of an increased tumor size. Triple-negative cases were statistically more common in the hereditary than sporadic group (44.1 vs. 28.9%; p=0.036). Indication for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was more frecuent in sporadic cases. Overall survival and disease-free survival did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: Hereditay breast cancer tumors preferentially show a triple negative phenotype and patients are diagnosed at younger age than sporadic cases. Overall survival and disease-free survival were both similar between the two groups.

Biología molecular en endodoncia / Molecular Biology in endodontics

El plasma rico en plaquetas contiene factores de crecimiento, los cuales promueven la regeneración de tejidos en periodoncia y en cirugía maxilofacial. Actualmente se viene utilizando no sólo en estas especialidades, sino también en implantología. Extrapolando estos conocimientos aplicamos plasma rico en plaquetas en recubrimientos pulpares en lugar de hidróxido de calci, produciendo formación de dentina en el lugar de la comunicación pulpar.

Tumor de Krukemberg y gestación / Krukemberg tumor and pregnancy

Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 26 años, primigesta de 21 semanas con cáncer de ovario secundario a una metástasis de cáncer primario de estómago (tumor de Krukenberg). Se revisa las características clínicas de un tumor de Krukenberg asociado con gestación, así como la epidemiología, hallazgos de laboratorio, anatomía patológica, la actitud terapéutica tanto para el tumor como para la gestación y el pronóstico sombrío en una mujer gestante portadora de un cáncer tan agresivo como es el tumor de Krukenberg.

We present the case of a 26 years old woman with a 21 weeks pregnancy who had a secondary ovarian cáncer to a primary gastric cancer (Krukenberg tumor). We review the clinical features associated to a Krukenberg tumor with pregnancy and epidemiology, laboratory findings, pathology, further therapeutic attitude with the tumor and pregnancy, gloomy prognosis.