Cooperative Learning, Emotions, and Academic Performance in Physical Education: A Serial Multiple Mediation Model / El aprendizaje cooperativo, las emociones y el rendimiento académico en educación física: un modelo de mediación serial múltiple

Based on the control-value theory, this study examined connections between the perceived in-class degree of cooperation and academic performance mediated through the students’ negative and positive emotions in physical education. Students (N = 620, 55.5% girls; Mage = 13.01, SD = 2.10) reported on their perceptions of the degree of cooperation and the negative (shame, hopelessness, anxiety, boredom) and positive (confidence, pride, enjoyment, calmness) emotions in physical education classes. Academic performance was obtained from their school’s administrators. Results from the multiple lineal regression analyses, considering the in-class degree of cooperation and the negative and positive emotions as predictor variables, showed a significantly positive link between the in-class degree of cooperation and the dependent variable academic performance, and between positive emotions and academic performance. These findings elucidate the impact of cooperative learning contexts and emotions on academic performance. Educational implications and future research are discussed.(AU)

Basado en la teoría del control-valor, este estudio examinó las conexiones entre el grado de cooperación percibido en clase y el rendimiento académico mediado por las emociones negativas y positivas de los estudiantes en educación física. Los participantes (N = 620, 55.5% niñas; Medad = 13.01, DT = 2.10) informaron sobre su percepción del grado de cooperación, emociones negativas (vergüenza, desesperanza, ansiedad, aburrimiento) y emociones positivas (confianza, orgullo, disfrute, tranquilidad) en las clases de educación física. El rendimiento académico se obtuvo de la dirección de los centros educativos. Los resultados de los análisis de regresión lineal múltiple, considerando el grado de cooperación en el aula y las emociones negativas y positivas como variables predictoras, mostraron un vínculo significativamente positivo entre el grado de cooperación en el aula y la variable dependiente rendimiento académico y entre las emociones positivas y el rendimiento académico. Estos resultados explican la repercusión de los contextos de aprendizaje cooperativo y las emociones en el rendimiento académico. Se discuten las implicaciones educativas y la investigación futura.(AU)

Preoperative ODI and Intake of Analgesics Predict Outcome after Lumbar Microdiskectomy: Results from a Prospective Register.

BACKGROUND: Lumbar disk herniation (LDH) typically causes leg pain and neurologic deficits, but can also be a source of low back pain (LBP). Lumbar microdiskectomy (LMD) is among the most common neurosurgical procedures to relieve radicular symptoms. It is important for both surgeon and patient to understand potential predictors of outcome after LMD. The aim of this study was to investigate if the presence and intensity of preoperative LBP, the ODI score, and analgesic intake can predict the outcome of patients undergoing LMD. METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective study based on the analysis of prospectively acquired data of patients in the SwissDisc Registry. A total of 685 surgeries on 640 patients who underwent standardized LMD at our institution to treat LDH were included in this study. We performed multivariable linear regression analysis to determine preoperative predictors for patient outcomes based on the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, recorded on average 39.77 (±33.77) days after surgery. RESULTS: Our study confirmed that surgery overall improves patient degree of disability as measured by ODI score. Following model selection using Aikake Information Criterion (AIC), we observed that higher preoperative ODI scores (ß: 0.020 [95% CI: 0.008 to 0.031]) and higher number of analgesic medication usage by patients prior to surgery (ß: 0.236 [95% CI: 0.057 to 0.415]) were both associated with an increased postoperative ODI score. CONCLUSION: LDH surgery generally improves patient degree of disability. The analysis of patients with a high preoperative ODI score and increased intake of analgesics before surgery predicted a worsening of patients' disability after LMD in this subgroup.

Emotional Processing and Personality as Predictors of Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms in College Students.

The categorical definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and exclusive focus on thoughts and behaviors, have constrained the study and treatment of its symptoms. The present study's aim was to search for relationships among emotional processing dimensions, five major personality dimensions, and self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The participants were 100 college students, and the questionnaires used were a selection of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM), the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), and the NEO-FFI. We found differences in emotional processing dimensions between participants with high and low DOCS scores, grouped according to sex (d = .56); and evidence that the neuroticism and agreeableness dimensions predict self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Emotional processing dimensions and personality are considered useful to comprehending obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which lends support to dimensional models of OC symptomatology, as well as planning and developing psychological interventions.

Emotional processing and personality as predictors of obsessive-compulsive symptoms in college students

The categorical definition of obsessive-compulsive disorder, and exclusive focus on thoughts and behaviors, have constrained the study and treatment of its symptoms. The present study's aim was to search for relationships among emotional processing dimensions, five major personality dimensions, and self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The participants were 100 college students, and the questionnaires used were a selection of images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS), the Self-assessment Manikin (SAM), the Dimensional Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (DOCS), and the NEO-FFI. We found differences in emotional processing dimensions between participants with high and low DOCS scores, grouped according to sex (d = .56); and evidence that the neuroticism and agreeableness dimensions predict self-perceived obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Emotional processing dimensions and personality are considered useful to comprehending obsessive-compulsive symptoms, which lends support to dimensional models of OC symptomatology, as well as planning and developing psychological interventions

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Future Achievements, Passion and Motivation in the Transition from Junior-to-Senior Sport in Spanish Young Elite Soccer Players.

Within the context of the transition from junior-to-senior sport, this study aims in first place to explore differences in young Spanish elite soccer players based on the importance given to getting different achievements in their future (including sport, studies and private life) and, in second place, to explore differences among those players in levels of passion, motivation and basic psychological need. 478 elite youth soccer filled out a questionnaire based on the presented theoretical models. A cluster analysis shows a sport oriented group (N = 98) only interested in becoming a professional, a life spheres balance group (N = 288) characterized by balancing the importance of achievements in the sport sphere, as well as in education and a private life and a group (N = 91) only interested in private life achievements. The life spheres balance group shows higher levels of harmonious passion (η2 = .06, F(2, 475) = 9.990, p < .001) than the players of the other groups. The life spheres balance group shows higher levels of autonomous motivation (η2 = .10, F(2, 475) = 13.597, p < .001), autonomy (η2 = .07, F(2, 475) = 6.592, p < .01) and relatedness satisfaction (η2 = .07, F(2, 475) = 5.603, p < .01) than the sport oriented group as well as lower levels of amotivation (η2 = .04, F(2, 475) = 6.665, p < .01) than the private life oriented group. This study suggests players who perceive equal future importance in their life spheres appear to be more resourceful than the other two groups regarding athletes' internal resources, such as passion and motivation, to cope with the transition to professional soccer.

Future achievements, passion and motivation in the transition from junior-to-senior sport in Spanish young elite soccer players

Within the context of the transition from junior-to-senior sport, this study aims in first place to explore differences in young Spanish elite soccer players based on the importance given to getting different achievements in their future (including sport, studies and private life) and, in second place, to explore differences among those players in levels of passion, motivation and basic psychological need. 478 elite youth soccer filled out a questionnaire based on the presented theoretical models. A cluster analysis shows a sport oriented group (N = 98) only interested in becoming a professional, a life spheres balance group (N = 288) characterized by balancing the importance of achievements in the sport sphere, as well as in education and a private life and a group (N = 91) only interested in private life achievements. The life spheres balance group shows higher levels of harmonious passion (η2 = .06, F(2, 475) = 9.990, p < .001) than the players of the other groups. The life spheres balance group shows higher levels of autonomous motivation (η2 = .10, F(2, 475) = 13.597, p < .001), autonomy (η2 = .07, F(2, 475) = 6.592, p < .01) and relatedness satisfaction (η2 = .07, F(2, 475) = 5.603, p < .01) than the sport oriented group as well as lower levels of amotivation (η2 = .04, F(2, 475) = 6.665, p < .01) than the private life oriented group. This study suggests players who perceive equal future importance in their life spheres appear to be more resourceful than the other two groups regarding athletes’ internal resources, such as passion and motivation, to cope with the transition to professional soccer (AU)

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Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad en un área de salud

El envejecimiento normal se caracteriza por la alteración de las funciones cognitivas. En 1958 Kral define el ‘olvido benigno de la senescencia para designar un trastorno mnésico diferente del envejecimiento normal. En 1986 un grupo de investigadores del National Institute of Mental Health y otros centros propone una nueva entidad neuropsicológica denominada trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad...(AU)

Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coined the term 'benign senescent forgetfulness' to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normal aging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychological entity called age-related memory disorder...(AU)

Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad en un área de salud / Prevalence and risk factors of age-related memory disorder in a health district

Introducción. El envejecimiento normal se caracterizapor la alteración de las funciones cognitivas. En 1958 Kral defineel ‘olvido benigno de la senescencia’ para designar un trastornomnésico diferente del envejecimiento normal. En 1986 un grupo deinvestigadores del National Institute of Mental Health y otros centrospropone una nueva entidad neuropsicológica denominada trastornode la memoria asociado a la edad. Actualmente constituye unreto para la comunidad científica establecer la prevalencia, la evolucióny los factores de riesgo de esta entidad. Objetivos. Establecerla prevalencia y precisar algunos factores de riesgo en el trastornode la memoria asociado a la edad. Sujetos y métodos. Eluniverso estuvo constituido por todos los pacientes mayores de 50años de edad de un área de salud (234 individuos), a los que se lesaplicaron los criterios diagnósticos. Además de a los pacientes, seseleccionó un grupo control para establecer correlación con factoresde riesgo seleccionados. Resultados y conclusiones. La prevalenciaobtenida fue del 39,7%; de ellos, el 38,7% correspondía alsexo masculino y el 40,4% al femenino. También se observó que amayor edad del paciente y años de evolución, hay mayor deteriorode la memoria. Con relación a los factores de riesgo, se comprobóque el hábito de fumar y las características psicosociales constituyeronfactores predisponentes, no así la hipertensión arterial, el antecedentede demencia y la satisfacción de las necesidades básicas

Introduction. Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coinedthe term ‘benign senescent forgetfulness’ to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normalaging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychologicalentity called age-related memory disorder. The determination of the prevalence, progression and risk factors ofthis condition currently represents an important challenge for the scientific community. Aims. To establish the rate of prevalenceand to identify some of the risk factors involved in age-related memory disorders. Subjects and methods. The universeconsisted of all the patients over 50 years of age from a health district (234 individuals); the diagnostic criteria were appliedto the whole sample. In addition to the patients, a control group was also chosen in order to be able to establish a correlationwith selected risk factors. Results and conclusions. The prevalence rate was found to be 39.7%, of which 38.7% were malesand 40.4% were females. It was also observed that the impairment was greater as the patient’s age and the length of thedisease history increased. As far as risk factors are concerned, it was observed that smoking and psychosocial characteristicsconstitute predisposing factors, while this was not the case for arterial hypertension, a history of dementia and the satisfactionof basic needs

[Prevalence and risk factors of age-related memory disorder in a health district]. / Prevalencia y factores de riesgo del trastorno de la memoria asociado a la edad en un area de salud.

INTRODUCTION: Normal aging is characterised by alterations affecting the cognitive functions. In 1958 Kral coined the term 'benign senescent forgetfulness' to designate a memory disorder that is different from those that occur during normal aging. In 1986, a group of researchers at the National Institute of Mental Health and other centres proposed a novel neuropsychological entity called age-related memory disorder. The determination of the prevalence, progression and risk factors of this condition currently represents an important challenge for the scientific community. AIMS: To establish the rate of prevalence and to identify some of the risk factors involved in age-related memory disorders. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The universe consisted of all the patients over 50 years of age from a health district (234 individuals); the diagnostic criteria were applied to the whole sample. In addition to the patients, a control group was also chosen in order to be able to establish a correlation with selected risk factors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate was found to be 39.7%, of which 38.7% were males and 40.4% were females. It was also observed that the impairment was greater as the patient's age and the length of the disease history increased. As far as risk factors are concerned, it was observed that smoking and psychosocial characteristics constitute predisposing factors, while this was not the case for arterial hypertension, a history of dementia and the satisfaction of basic needs.

Problemas y alternativas de solución a la seguridad social en México: una perspectiva desde los sindicatos y los trabajadores / Solution of alternate and problems a the social security in México: a perspective from the workers and the labor

Esta trabajo muestra la perspectiva del sector trabajador sobre el sistema de seguridad laboral y social en México, es un aporte preliminar a la comprensión del problema y sus alternativas de solución, basado en lo abordado en el taller: Elaboración de Propuestas Sindicales de Mejoría y Transformación de los sistemas de salud y seguridad social de México. Se extrajeron cinco problemas específicos desarrollados en el taller, tales como: La modernización productiva y Nuevos Problemas de salud del Trabajo en la Industria Química. Los riesgos de los trabajadores de la slud, en particular, de las enfermeras. La modernización y salud laboral en el transporte. Los riesgos laborales en la Industria del Transporte