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J Neuropathol Exp Neurol ; 79(4): 393-406, 2020 04 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32077471

ABSTRACT

The early neuropathological features of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND) are protein aggregates in motor neurons and microglial activation. Similar pathology characterizes Guamanian ALS/Parkinsonism dementia complex, which may be triggered by the cyanotoxin ß-N-methylamino-l-alanine (BMAA). We report here the occurrence of ALS/MND-type pathological changes in vervets (Chlorocebus sabaeus; n = 8) fed oral doses of a dry powder of BMAA HCl salt (210 mg/kg/day) for 140 days. Spinal cords and brains from toxin-exposed vervets were compared to controls fed rice flour (210 mg/kg/day) and to vervets coadministered equal amounts of BMAA and l-serine (210 mg/kg/day). Immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis were used to examine markers of ALS/MND and glial activation. UHPLC-MS/MS was used to confirm BMAA exposures in dosed vervets. Motor neuron degeneration was demonstrated in BMAA-dosed vervets by TDP-43+ proteinopathy in anterior horn cells, by reactive astrogliosis, by activated microglia, and by damage to myelinated axons in the lateral corticospinal tracts. Vervets dosed with BMAA + l-serine displayed reduced neuropathological changes. This study demonstrates that chronic dietary exposure to BMAA causes ALS/MND-type pathological changes in the vervet and coadministration of l-serine reduces the amount of reactive gliosis and the number of protein inclusions in motor neurons.


Subject(s)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/pathology , Motor Neuron Disease/pathology , Motor Neurons/drug effects , Motor Neurons/pathology , Serine/administration & dosage , Spinal Cord/drug effects , Spinal Cord/pathology , Amino Acids, Diamino/toxicity , Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/chemically induced , Animals , Chlorocebus aethiops , Cyanobacteria Toxins , Disease Models, Animal , Male , Microglia/drug effects , Microglia/pathology , Motor Neuron Disease/chemically induced , Pyramidal Tracts/drug effects , Pyramidal Tracts/pathology
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