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The correlation between structural transformation and optical characteristics of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) nanocrystals (NCs) suggests insights into their growth mechanism and optical performance. Systematic control of reaction parameters led to the successful fabrication of on-demand shape-morphing CsPbBr3 NCs. Transmission electron microscopy observations showed that the shape transformation from nanocubes to microcrystals could be accelerated by increasing the precursor:ligand molar ratio and reaction time. Further evidence for orthorhombic CsPbBr3 NCs was obtained from their selected-area electron diffraction pattern, which exhibits a twin domain induced by the presence of large NCs. Likewise, we observed a substantial decrease in photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CsPbBr3 due to surface decomposition or surface ligand loss resulting from increased size. In addition, fusion of smaller particles having other dimensionality induced the increase in the PL full-width at half maximum. In particular, existence of larger bulk material caused a reduction in the peak intensity in the absorption spectra and a trend of decreasing tendency in intensity of the absorption bands related to bromoplumbate species provided direct evidence of fully converted Cs-oleate.
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Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are attracting research interest because of their unique optical properties that result from the quantum confinement effect. ZnSe QDs, which are II-VI semiconductors, offer a wide direct bandgap (2.7 eV), making them promising for applications such as light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and biomedical labeling. In the present work, colloidal ZnSe (QDs) were synthesized by the hot-injection method with a Zn:Se ratio of 1:1. The optical properties of ZnSe QDs obtained at different reaction times were investigated by spectrophotometric UV-vis absorption and emission measurements. The as-synthesized ZnSe QDs exhibit blue excitonic emission, and no defect emission was detected. Transmission electron micrographs indicated that the QDs have a spherical morphology with dimensions ranging from 3.69 to 4.53 nm. In particular, the Brus model was applied to demonstrate a correlation between the QD sizes and the optical bandgaps obtained from Tauc plots.
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The utilization of multi-omics research has gained popularity in clinical investigations. However, effectively managing and merging extensive and diverse datasets presents a challenge due to its intricacy. This research introduces a Multi-Omics Analysis Sandbox Toolkit, an online platform designed to facilitate the exploration, integration, and visualization of datasets ranging from single-omics to multi-omics. This platform establishes connections between clinical data and omics information, allowing for versatile analysis and storage of both single and multi-omics data. Additionally, users can repeatedly utilize and exchange their findings within the platform. This toolkit offers diverse alternatives for data selection and gene set analysis. It also presents visualization outputs, potential candidates, and annotations. Furthermore, this platform empowers users to collaborate by sharing their datasets, analyses, and conclusions with others, thus enhancing its utility as a collaborative research tool. This Multi-Omics Analysis Sandbox Toolkit stands as a valuable asset in comprehensively grasping the influence of diverse factors in diseases and pinpointing potential biomarkers.
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Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for next-generation display technology because of their unique optical properties and have already appeared in the market as a high-end product. On the basis of their extraordinary properties, QD emissions with a given chemical composition can be tailored in a wide spectral window due to quantum size effects, which constitutes a key advantage of QDs in the display field. Specifically, investigations of structure-dependent and composition-dependent characterizations outside the quantum confinement effect have become an important part of practical applications. Therefore, from the perspective of designing nanostructures with well-defined heterointerfaces, strong quantum confinement effects with effective carrier confinement are desirable. Our results show that the photoluminescence (PL) intensity of CdSe/CdZnS core-shell QDs was enhanced 5.7 times compared with that of the CdSe core QDs. Supplementary analytical techniques involving transmission electron microscopy revealed the heterointerface configuration and composition distribution of the core and shell materials. The effects of the heterointerface on carrier dynamics in core-shell QDs were revealed by monitoring wavelength-dependent time-resolved PL. To further develop the QD light-emitting diodes (QD-LEDs), we produced an all-solution processed inverted QD-LEDs using CdSe/CdZnS core-shell QDs as the emitter. The electroluminescence spectrum of deep-red emissive QD-LEDs with CIE chromaticity coordinates of (0.68, 0.32) exhibited a peak at 638 nm.
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BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longitudinal change in income is crucial in explaining cardiovascular health inequalities. However, there is limited evidence for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with income dynamics over time among individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS: Using a nationally representative sample from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database, 1 528 108 adults aged 30-64 with T2D and no history of CVD were included from 2009 to 2012 (mean follow-up of 7.3 years). Using monthly health insurance premium information, income levels were assessed annually for the baseline year and the four preceding years. Income variability was defined as the intraindividual standard deviation of the percent change in income over 5 years. The primary outcome was a composite event of incident fatal and nonfatal CVD (myocardial infarction, heart failure, and stroke) using insurance claims. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated after adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS: High-income variability was associated with increased CVD risk (HRhighest vs. lowest quartile 1.25, 95% CI 1.22-1.27; Ptrend < .001). Individuals who experienced an income decline (4 years ago vs. baseline) had increased CVD risk, which was particularly notable when the income decreased to the lowest level (i.e. Medical Aid beneficiaries), regardless of their initial income status. Sustained low income (i.e. lowest income quartile) over 5 years was associated with increased CVD risk (HRn = 5 years vs. n = 0 years 1.38, 95% CI 1.35-1.41; Ptrend < .0001), whereas sustained high income (i.e. highest income quartile) was associated with decreased CVD risk (HRn = 5 years vs. n = 0 years 0.71, 95% CI 0.70-0.72; Ptrend < .0001). Sensitivity analyses, exploring potential mediators, such as lifestyle-related factors and obesity, supported the main results. CONCLUSIONS: Higher income variability, income declines, and sustained low income were associated with increased CVD risk. Our findings highlight the need to better understand the mechanisms by which income dynamics impact CVD risk among individuals with T2D.
Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Income , Humans , Female , Male , Middle Aged , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Income/statistics & numerical data , Adult , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Republic of Korea/epidemiology , Incidence , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The risk of incident atrial fibrillation (AF) among breast cancer survivors, especially for younger women, and cancer treatment effects on the association remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the risk of AF among breast cancer survivors and evaluate the association by age group, length of follow-up, and cancer treatment. METHODS: Using data from the Korean Health Insurance Service database (2010-2017), 113,232 women newly diagnosed with breast cancer (aged ≥ 18 years) without prior AF history who underwent breast cancer surgery were individually matched 1:5 by birth year to a sample female population without cancer (n = 566,160) (mean[SD] follow-up, 5.1[2.1] years). Sub-distribution hazard ratios (sHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) considering death as a competing risk were estimated, adjusting for sociodemographic factors and cardiovascular/non-cardiovascular comorbidities. RESULTS: BCS had a slightly increased AF risk compared to their cancer-free counterparts (sHR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00-1.13), but the association disappeared over time. Younger BCS (age < 40 years) had more than a 2-fold increase in AF risk (sHR 2.79; 95% CI 1.98-3.94), with the association remaining similar over 5 years of follow-up. The increased risk was not observed among older BCS, especially those aged > 65 years. Use of anthracyclines was associated with increased AF risk among BCS (sHR 1.57; 95% CI 1.28-1.92), which was more robust in younger BCS (sHR 1.94; 95% CI 1.40-2.69 in those aged ≤ 50 years). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that younger BCS had an elevated risk of incident AF, regardless of the length of follow-up. Use of anthracyclines may be associated with increased mid-to-long-term AF risk among BCS.
Subject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation , Breast Neoplasms , Cancer Survivors , Humans , Female , Atrial Fibrillation/epidemiology , Atrial Fibrillation/diagnosis , Breast Neoplasms/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Survivors , Anthracyclines , Risk Factors , IncidenceABSTRACT
Considering the recent increase in the number of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases in South Korea, we aimed to clarify the molecular characteristics of CRC unique to the Korean population. To gain insights into the complexities of CRC and promote the exchange of critical data, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed to reveal the molecular mechanisms that drive the development and progression of CRC; this analysis is critical for developing effective treatment strategies. We performed RNA-sequencing analysis of CRC and adjacent normal tissue samples from 214 Korean participants (comprising a total of 381 including 169 normal and 212 tumor samples) to investigate differential gene expression between the groups. We identified 19,575 genes expressed in CRC and normal tissues, with 3,830 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the groups. Functional annotation analysis revealed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in pathways related to the cell cycle, DNA replication, and IL-17, whereas the downregulated DEGs were enriched in metabolic pathways. We also analyzed the relationship between clinical information and subtypes using the Consensus Molecular Subtype (CMS) classification. Furthermore, we compared groups clustered within our dataset to CMS groups and performed additional analysis of the methylation data between DEGs and CMS groups to provide comprehensive biological insights from various perspectives. Our study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying CRC in Korean patients and serves as a platform for identifying potential target genes for this disease. The raw data and processed results have been deposited in a public repository for further analysis and exploration.
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Gene Expression Profiling , Humans , Gene Expression Profiling/methods , Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic , Computational Biology/methods , RNAABSTRACT
Aberrant DNA methylation plays a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), which has high incidence and mortality rates in Korea. Various CRC-associated methylation markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis have been developed; however, they have not been validated for Korean patients owing to the lack of comprehensive clinical and methylome data. Here, we obtained reliable methylation profiles for 228 tumor, 103 adjacent normal, and two unmatched normal colon tissues from Korean patients with CRC using an Illumina Infinium EPIC array; the data were corrected for biological and experiment biases. A comparative methylome analysis confirmed the previous findings that hypermethylated positions in the tumor were highly enriched in CpG island and promoter, 5' untranslated, and first exon regions. However, hypomethylated positions were enriched in the open-sea regions considerably distant from CpG islands. After applying a CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) to the methylome data of tumor samples to stratify the CRC patients, we consolidated the previously established clinicopathological findings that the tumors with high CIMP signatures were significantly enriched in the right colon. The results showed a higher prevalence of microsatellite instability status and MLH1 methylation in tumors with high CMP signatures than in those with low or non-CIMP signatures. Therefore, our methylome analysis and dataset provide insights into applying CRC-associated methylation markers for Korean patients regarding cancer diagnosis and prognosis. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(3): 161-166].
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , Epigenome , Humans , Colorectal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , DNA Methylation/genetics , CpG Islands/genetics , Phenotype , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
Alterations in DNA methylation play an important pathophysiological role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer. We comprehensively profiled DNA methylation alterations in 165 Korean patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), and conducted an in-depth investigation of cancer-specific methylation patterns. Our analysis of the tumor samples revealed a significant presence of hypomethylated probes, primarily within the gene body regions; few hypermethylated sites were observed, which were mostly enriched in promoter-like and CpG island regions. The CpG Island Methylator PhenotypeHigh (CIMP-H) exhibited notable enrichment of microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H). Additionally, our findings indicated a significant correlation between methylation of the MLH1 gene and MSI-H status. Furthermore, we found that the CIMP-H had a higher tendency to affect the right-side of the colon tissues and was slightly more prevalent among older patients. Through our methylome profile analysis, we successfully verified the thylation patterns and clinical characteristics of Korean patients with CRC. This valuable dataset lays a strong foundation for exploring novel molecular insights and potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of CRC. [BMB Reports 2024; 57(2): 110-115].
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , DNA Methylation , Humans , DNA Methylation/genetics , Microsatellite Instability , Mutation , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Republic of Korea , CpG Islands/genetics , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Iodixanol is an iso-osmolar non-ionic dimeric hydrophilic contrast agent with a higher viscosity than the monomeric agents. It is the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iso-osmolar agent in the United States, and it is the only contrast agent with an FDA-approved indication for use in cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA), to assist in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with suspected coronary artery disease. In clinical studies, it has been noted to have fewer side effects and similar image quality when compared to low-osmolar contrast media. This can be attributed to the pharmacological properties of iodixanol. These contrast agents are used for coronary computed tomography angiography and cardiac catheterization. In this article, the use, tolerability, and efficacy of iodixanol are reviewed, specifically evaluating the use of CCTA and coronary angiography, including outcome studies, randomized trials, and comparisons to other contrast agents.
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Aberrant DNA methylation plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC), a disease with high incidence and mortality rates in Korea. Several CRC-associated diagnostic and prognostic methylation markers have been identified; however, due to a lack of comprehensive clinical and methylome data, these markers have not been validated in the Korean population. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to obtain the CRC methylation profile using 172 tumors and 128 adjacent normal colon tissues of Korean patients with CRC. Based on the comparative methylome analysis, we found that hypermethylated positions in the tumor were predominantly concentrated in CpG islands and promoter regions, whereas hypomethylated positions were largely found in the open-sea region, notably distant from the CpG islands. In addition, we stratified patients by applying the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) to the tumor methylome data. This stratification validated previous clinicopathological implications, as tumors with high CIMP signatures were significantly correlated with the proximal colon, higher prevalence of microsatellite instability status, and MLH1 promoter methylation. In conclusion, our extensive methylome analysis and the accompanying dataset offers valuable insights into the utilization of CRC-associated methylation markers in Korean patients, potentially improving CRC diagnosis and prognosis. Furthermore, this study serves as a solid foundation for further investigations into personalized and ethnicity-specific CRC treatments. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 569-574].
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , DNA Methylation , Humans , DNA Methylation/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , CpG Islands/genetics , Republic of Korea , PhenotypeABSTRACT
Importance: Evidence of the association between income fluctuation and risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is scarce. Objective: To investigate whether sustained low or high income and income changes are associated with incidence of T2D. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this population-based cohort study, more than 7.8 million adults without T2D aged 30 to 64 years from a nationally representative sample from the Korean Health Insurance Service database were enrolled in 2012 and followed up to 2019 (median follow-up, 6.3 years [IQR, 6.1-6.6 years]). Exposures: Twenty quantiles of monthly health insurance premiums determined income levels. Income quartiles were annually analyzed from 2008 to 2012. Beneficiaries of the Medical Aid Program were regarded as those with very low income. A decrease in income was indicated as a reduction of 25% or more in income compared with income in the previous year. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was incident T2D based on the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, Tenth Revision codes E11 to E14, 1 or more claims of antidiabetic medication, or a fasting glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association of low- or high-income status and income changes with incidence of T2D. Results: Of 7â¯821â¯227 participants (mean [SD] age, 46.4 [9.3] years; 54.9% men), 359â¯931 (4.6%) developed T2D at least 1 year after enrollment. Individuals who repeatedly experienced low and very low income for 5 years showed 22% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.22 [95% CI, 1.21-1.23]) and 57% (1.57 [95% CI, 1.53-1.62]) higher T2D risk compared with those who never experienced low and very low income, respectively. In contrast, individuals who were repeatedly in high-income quartiles showed lower T2D risk compared with those who never experienced high income (HR, 0.86 [95% CI, 0.85-0.86]). The number of income decreases was associated with elevated T2D risk (≥2 vs 0 income decreases: HR, 1.08 [95% CI, 1.06-1.11]; P < .001 for trend). When income quartile status was compared between 2008 and 2012, individuals who experienced an income increase had lowered T2D risk, while those who experienced an income decrease had elevated T2D risk in each income quartile group. Conclusions and Relevance: This cohort study found that individuals who experienced sustained low-income status or an income decrease had elevated T2D risk, while those who had sustained high-income status or an income increase had lowered T2D risk.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 , Adult , Male , Humans , Middle Aged , Female , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Income , Poverty , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
DNA methylation regulates gene expression and contributes to tumorigenesis in the early stages of cancer. In colorectal cancer (CRC), CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is recognized as a distinct subset that is associated with specific molecular and clinical features. In this study, we investigated the genomewide DNA methylation patterns among patients with CRC. The methylation data of 1 unmatched normal, 142 adjacent normal, and 294 tumor samples were analyzed. We identified 40,003 differentially methylated positions with 6,933 (79.8%) hypermethylated and 16,145 (51.6%) hypomethylated probes in the genic region. Hypermethylated probes were predominantly found in promoter-like regions, CpG islands, and N shore sites; hypomethylated probes were enriched in open-sea regions. CRC tumors were categorized into three CIMP subgroups, with 90 (30.6%) in the CIMP-high (CIMP-H), 115 (39.1%) in the CIMP-low (CIMP-L), and 89 (30.3%) in the non-CIMP group. The CIMP-H group was associated with microsatellite instabilityhigh tumors, hypermethylation of MLH1, older age, and rightsided tumors. Our results showed that genome-wide methylation analyses classified patients with CRC into three subgroups according to CIMP levels, with clinical and molecular features consistent with previous data. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(10): 563-568].
Subject(s)
Colorectal Neoplasms , DNA Methylation , Humans , DNA Methylation/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , CpG Islands/genetics , Phenotype , Epigenesis, Genetic/genetics , Republic of KoreaABSTRACT
While recent research has shown that holographic displays can represent photorealistic 3D holograms in real time, the difficulty in acquiring high-quality real-world holograms has limited the realization of holographic streaming systems. Incoherent holographic cameras, which record holograms under daylight conditions, are suitable candidates for real-world acquisition, as they prevent the safety issues associated with the use of lasers; however, these cameras are hindered by severe noise due to the optical imperfections of such systems. In this work, we develop a deep learning-based incoherent holographic camera system that can deliver visually enhanced holograms in real time. A neural network filters the noise in the captured holograms, maintaining a complex-valued hologram format throughout the whole process. Enabled by the computational efficiency of the proposed filtering strategy, we demonstrate a holographic streaming system integrating a holographic camera and holographic display, with the aim of developing the ultimate holographic ecosystem of the future.
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The generation of high-purity localized trions, dynamic exciton-trion interconversion, and their spatial modulation in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors are building blocks for the realization of trion-based optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a method for the all-optical control of the exciton-to-trion conversion process and its spatial distributions in a MoS2 monolayer. We induce a nanoscale strain gradient in a 2D crystal transferred on a lateral metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and exploit propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) to localize hot electrons. These significantly increase the electrons and efficiently funnel excitons in the lateral MIM waveguide, facilitating complete exciton-to-trion conversion even at ambient conditions. Additionally, we modulate the SPP mode using adaptive wavefront shaping, enabling all-optical control of the exciton-to-trion conversion rate and trion distribution in a reversible manner. Our work provides a platform for harnessing excitonic quasiparticles efficiently in the form of trions at ambient conditions, enabling high-efficiency photoconversion.
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The optical modal gain of Cd0.6Zn0.4Te/ZnTe double quantum dots was measured using a variable stripe length method, where large and small quantum dots are separated with a ZnTe layer. With a large (~18 nm) separation layer thickness of ZnTe, two gain spectra were observed, which correspond to the confined exciton levels of the large and small quantum dots, respectively. With a small (~6 nm) separation layer thickness of ZnTe, a merged single gain spectrum was observed. This can be attributed to a coupled state between large and small quantum dots. Because the density of large quantum dots (4 × 1010 cm-2) is twice the density of small quantum dots (2 × 1010 cm-2), the density of the coupled quantum dots is determined by that of small quantum dots. As a result, we found that the peak gain (123.9 ± 9.2 cm-1) with the 6 nm separation layer is comparable to that (125.2 ± 29.2 cm-1) of the small quantum dots with the 18 nm separation layer.
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Plant diseases that affect crop production and productivity harm both crop quality and quantity. To minimize loss due to disease, early detection is a prerequisite. Recently, different technologies have been developed for plant disease detection. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a nondestructive method for the early detection of crop disease and is based on the spatial and spectral information of images. Regarding plant disease detection, HSI can predict disease-induced biochemical and physical changes in plants. Bacterial infections, such as Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci, are among the most common plant diseases in areas of soybean cultivation, and have been implicated in considerably reducing soybean yield. Thus, in this study, we used a new method based on HSI analysis for the early detection of this disease. We performed the leaf spectral reflectance of soybean with the effect of infected bacterial wildfire during the early growth stage. This study aimed to classify the accuracy of the early detection of bacterial wildfire in soybean leaves. Two varieties of soybean were used for the experiment, Cheongja 3-ho and Daechan, as control (noninoculated) and treatment (bacterial wildfire), respectively. Bacterial inoculation was performed 18 days after planting, and the imagery data were collected 24 h following bacterial inoculation. The leaf reflectance signature revealed a significant difference between the diseased and healthy leaves in the green and near-infrared regions. The two-way analysis of variance analysis results obtained using the Python package algorithm revealed that the disease incidence of the two soybean varieties, Daechan and Cheongja 3-ho, could be classified on the second and third day following inoculation, with accuracy values of 97.19% and 95.69%, respectively, thus proving his to be a useful technique for the early detection of the disease. Therefore, creating a wide range of research platforms for the early detection of various diseases using a nondestructive method such HSI is feasible.
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The micropipette, pencil-shaped with an aperture diameter of a few micrometers, is a potentially promising tool for the three-dimensional (3D) printing of individual microstructures based on its capability to deliver low volumes of nanomaterial solution on a desired spot resulting in micro/nanoscale patterning. Here, we demonstrate a direct 3D printing technique in which a micropipette with a cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dot (QD) solution is guided by an atomic force microscope with no electric field and no piezo-pumping schemes. We define the printed CdSe QD wires, which are a composite material with a QD-liquid coexistence phase, by using photoluminescence and Raman spectroscopy to analyze their intrinsic properties and additionally demonstrate a means of directional falling.
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OBJECTIVE: There is limited evidence on the association of sustained low-income status, income changes, and all-cause mortality risk in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the Korean Health Insurance Service database, we studied 1,923,854 adults with T2D (aged ≥30 years) without cardiovascular disease and cancer, who were enrolled from 2009 through 2012 and followed to the end of 2020 (median 10.8 years of follow-up). We defined income levels based on the amount of health insurance premiums and categorized them into quartiles, the first being the low-income group, and assessed the income status annually in the preceding 5 years. Cox proportional hazards models were used to quantify the association of low-income status and income changes with mortality, with adjustment for sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, and diabetes duration and treatment. RESULTS: Participants who consecutively had low income showed a higher risk of mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 1.19; 95% CI 1.16-1.22), compared with those who had never been in the low-income group. This association was much stronger for consecutive recipients of Medical Aid, reflecting very-low-income status (HR 2.26; 95% CI 2.16-2.36), compared with those who had never been Medical Aid beneficiaries. Sustained low- and very-low-income status was associated with increased risk of mortality, specifically for younger adults (aged <40 years) and males. Those who experienced declines in income between the first (preceding 5 years) and the last (baseline) time points had an increased risk of mortality, regardless of baseline income status. CONCLUSIONS: Among Korean adults with T2D, sustained low-income status and declines in income were associated with increased risk of mortality.