Mortality and prognostic factors among inpatients with systemic lupus erythematosus in China: A 20-year retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the causes of death and clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) hospitalized patients in the last 20 years to improve SLE survival rates by detecting critical SLE early. METHODS: In this case-control study, 218 SLE death cases were retrospectively analyzed from January 2002 to December 2022, with 110 SLE inpatients chosen at random as controls. The clinical symptoms, causes of death, and risk factors in patients with SLE were investigated. RESULTS: There were 218 deaths among 9538 patients with SLE, including 188 women and 30 men. The death rate fell steadily from 4.14% in 2002 to 1.96% in 2013 and remained at 1.84% from 2014 to 2022. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 4.98 [95% CI (4.06-5.89)] from 2002 to 2012 and 3.39 [95% CI (2.74-4.04)] from 2013 to 2022. Infection, lupus-induced multiple organ failure syndrome (MODS), and neuropsychiatric lupus (NPLE) were the leading causes of death, accounting for 31.19%, 15.14%, and 11.47% of overall deaths. Age had a significant association with the major causes of death. Logistic regression analysis showed NPLE[OR = 10.772,95% CI (3.350,34.633), p < 0.001], lupus pulmonary involvement (LP)[OR = 3.844,95%CI (1.547,9.552), p = 0.004], pneumonia[OR = 3.439,95%CI(1.552,7.621), p = 0.002], thrombocytopenia[OR = 14.941,95%CI (4.088,54.604), p < 0.001], creatinine>177 µmol/L[OR = 8.644,95%CI (2.831,26.388), p < 0.001], glutamic transaminase(AST) > 60U/L[OR = 5.762,95%CI (2.200,15.088), p < 0.001], total bilirubin > 34 µmol/L[OR = 16.701,95%CI (3.349,83.294), p = 0.001], higher SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI)[OR = 1.089,95%CI (1.032,1.149), p = 0.002] and SLE Damage Index (SDI)[OR = 3.690,95%CI (2.487,5.474), p < 0.001] correlated positively with death. CONCLUSION: From 2002 to 2013, the mortality rate among patients with SLE fell steadily but remained unchanged from 2014 to 2022. Patients with SLE had significantly higher SMR than the general population. Childhood-onset SLE had a poorer prognosis than adult-onset SLE. Infection, MODS, and NPLE were the three leading causes of death. Major organ involvement and high disease activity were risk factors for mortality.

Increased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide contribute to swainsonine-induced systemic inflammation.

Long-term consumption of swainsonine could be poisonous to livestock, including facilitating apoptosis by impairing lysosomal function and inhibiting autophagic degradation, leading to liver inflammation and even death in livestock. However, the mechanism by swainsonine induced systemic inflammatory responses remained unclear, especially the effects of swainsonine on intestinal permeability, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) level and oxidative stress response were unknown. In this study, swainsonine increased intestinal permeability as evidenced by the significant down-regulation of colonic goblet cells, Akkermansia muciniphila and intestinal tight junction protein Occludin, Claudin 1 and ZO-1, and the significant up-regulation of mRNA expression level of the intestinal permeability indicator protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type H (Ptprh) in the ileum of mice. Simultaneously, the elevated LPS biosynthetic genes in intestinal microbiota and increased intestinal permeability facilitated more bacterial endotoxin LPS to enter the blood. High concentration of free-form LPS induced high levels of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress response, thereby causing the systemic inflammation. These findings provided a new perspective on swainsonine-induced systemic inflammation, suggesting that intestinal permeability and free-form LPS level may be the potential trigger factors.

Ultrasensitive carbon nanotube-bridged MXene conductive network arrays for one-step homogeneous electrochemical immunosensing of tumor markers.

Developing non-passivating and fully integrated electrode arrays for point-of-care testing of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is crucial, as the serum level of CEA is closely associated with colorectal cancer. Herein, we propose a simple, low-cost, and eco-friendly template-assisted filtration method for the scalable preparation of carbon nanotube-bridged Ti3C2Tx MXene (MX@CNT) electrode arrays with a conductive network. Furthermore, we fabricate a homogeneous electrochemical (HEC) sensor for CEA detection by integrating a magnetic-bead-based alkaline phosphatase-linked immunoassay (MB-aElisa), which enables the in-situ generation of the electroactive substance 1-naphthol (1-NP). Benefiting from the unique electrochemical characteristics of a MX@CNT electrode array, such as ultra-low background signal and superior electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrolyzed 1-NP, the MB-aElisa-based HEC sensor specifically measures CEA within a detection range spanning from 0.005 to 1.0 ng mL-1, achieving a detection limit of 1.6 pg mL-1. Subsequently, this biosensing prototype is successfully utilized for the detection of CEA in serum specimens obtained from colorectal cancer patients. More importantly, the integration of MB-aElisa with a MX@CNT electrode array not only marks a significant advancement but also enables the creation of a one-step homogeneous electrochemical immunosensing platform, serving as a paradigm for the highly sensitive and selective measurement of trace tumor markers in complex biological samples.

For aqueous/soil cadmium immobilization under acid attack, does the hydroxyapatite converted from Pseudochrobactrum sp. DL-1 induced vaterite necessarily show higher stability?

Microbial induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) technology was widely applied to immobilize heavy metals, but its long-term stability is tough to maintain, particularly under acid attack. This study successfully converted Pseudochrobactrum sp. DL-1 induced vaterite (a rare crystalline phase of CaCO3) to hydroxyapatite (HAP) at 30 â„ƒ. The predominant conversion mechanism was the dissolution of CdCO3-containing vaterite and the simultaneous recrystallization of Ca4.03Cd0.97(PO4)3(OH)-containing HAP. For aqueous Cd immobilization, stability test at pH 2.0-10.0 showed that the Cd2+ desorption rate of Cd-adsorbed vaterite (3.96-4.35 ‱) were 7.13-20.84 times greater than that of Cd-adsorbed HAP (0.19-0.61 ‱). For soil Cd immobilization under 60 days of acid-rain erosion, the highest immobilization rate (51.00 %) of exchangeable-Cd and the lowest dissolution rate (-0.18 %) of carbonate-Cd were achieved with 2 % vaterite, while the corresponding rates were 16.78 % and 1.31 % with 2 % HAP, respectively. Furthermore, vaterite outperformed HAP in terms of soil ecological thorough evaluation. In conclusion, for Cd immobilization by MICP under acid attack, DL-1 induced vaterite displayed direct application value due to its exceptional stability in soil and water, while the mineral conversion strategy we presented is useful for further enhancing the stability in water.

Impact of mechanical barrier damage and interleukin-17 on symptoms in patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome.

Aims/Background The pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome encompasses various factors, including abnormal gastrointestinal motility, heightened visceral sensitivity, dysfunction in the brain-gut axis, psychological influences, and disturbances in the intestinal flora. These factors manifest primarily as persistent or intermittent abdominal pain, diarrhoea, alterations in bowel habits, or changes in stool characteristics. In our investigation, we delve into the repercussions of mechanical barrier damage and immune dysfunction on symptoms among patients with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Methods This study recruited a total of 20 healthy controls and 49 patients diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome. Among the irritable bowel syndrome patients, we categorised them into two groups based on the ROME IV diagnostic criteria: the post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome group (n=23) and the non-post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome group (n=26). To compare clinical features, we utilised the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Furthermore, we employed various techniques including haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, electron microscopy, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, and flow cytometry to assess changes in immune cells, immune factors, inflammatory biomarkers, and intestinal barrier function. Results Under haematoxylin and eosin staining, post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome patients demonstrated increased neutrophils and plasma cells compared to the control group. Additionally, electron microscopy revealed ultrastructural changes such as the widening of the epithelial cell gap in the intestinal mucosa among post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome patients. Comparatively, the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, and Self-Rating Depression Scale scores were significantly elevated in the post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome group in contrast to both the control group and the non- post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome group (p < 0.05). Moreover, post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome patients exhibited a notably higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) were elevated in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome patients compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Additionally, the post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome group displayed a higher percentage of T helper 17 (Th17) cells compared to both the control and non-post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Acute gastrointestinal infection can disrupt the balance of intestinal flora, leading to dysbiosis. This dysbiosis can trigger the release of pro-inflammatory factors, including interleukin-17, which contributes to the impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Consequently, this sets the stage for the development of long-lasting, mild chronic intestinal inflammation, ultimately culminating in the onset of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Furthermore, within the framework of the gut-brain axis interaction, anxiety and depression may exacerbate intestinal inflammation in post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome patients. This interaction can perpetuate and prolong clinical symptoms in individuals with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome, further complicating the management of the condition.

Does enteral nutrition require continuity of management: a randomized controlled study.

Objective: To explore a set of enteral nutrition therapy continuity management programs for intensive care unit patients based on the theoretical study of circadian rhythm mechanism. Methods: The control group followed routine nursing management. Patients in the experimental group were implemented with an enteral nutrition continuity management program, and their eating behavior was adjusted 3 days before the end of tube feeding. Food intake was intermittent at 2, 3, and 4 h on the first day, the second day, and the third day of intervention, respectively, and all patients stopped eating at night. Abdominal distension assessment, appetite assessment, application of gastric motility drugs, and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups after tube feeding. Results: Three days after the end of tube feeding, abdominal distention assessment, bowel sound auscultation, and appetite assessment were statistically different (P<0.05) between the two groups. There were differences in the first day (15 vs. 6, P<0.05), the second day (9 vs. 3, P<0.05), and the cumulative number (17 vs. 7, P<0.05) of gastrointestinal drugs, but no differences in the third day (2 vs. 1, P>0.05). There was a statistical difference in nursing intervention (6.0 vs. 7.0, P<0.05) and psychological nursing (6.0 vs. 7.0, P<0.05), but no statistical difference in health education, medical environment, and nursing attitude (P>0.05). Conclusion: Enteral nutrition continuity management program has a good preventive effect on the gastrointestinal symptoms of intensive care unit patients after the end of tube feeding.

Enhancing high-efficient cadmium biosorption of Escherichia coli via cell surface displaying metallothionien CUP1.

Cadmium (Cd) is one of the common heavy metal pollutants in soil, which can induce various diseases and pose a serious threat to human health. Metallothioneins (MTs) are well-known for their excellent metal binding ability due to a high content of cysteine, which has great potential for heavy metal chelation. In this study, we used the Escherichia coli (E. coli) surface display system LPP-OmpA to construct a recombinant plasmid pBSD-LCF encoding LPP-OmpA-CUP1-Flag fusion protein. Then we displayed the metallothionein CUP1 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae on E. coli DH5α surface for Cd removing. The feasibility of surface display of metallothionein CUP1 in recombinant E. coli DH5α (pBSD-LCF) by Lpp-OmpA system was proved by flow cytometry and western blot analysis, and the specificity of the fusion protein in the recombinant strain was also verified. The results showed that the Cd2+ resistance capacity of DH5α (pBSD-LCF) was highly enhanced by about 200%. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy showed that sulfhydryl and sulfonyl groups were involved in Cd2+ binding to cell surface of DH5α (pBSD-LCF). Meanwhile, Cd removal rate by DH5α (pBSD-LCF) was promoted to 95.2%. Thus, the recombinant strain E. coli DH5α (pBSD-LCF) can effectively chelate environmental metals, and the cell surface expression of metallothionein on E. coli can provide new ideas and directions for heavy metals remediation.

Construction of Ferric-Oxide-Doped Nickel-Iron Hydroxide Electrocatalysts by Magnetic-Field-Assisted Chemical Corrosion toward Boosted Oxygen Evolution Reaction.

Transition-metal-based oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalysts have attracted widespread attention due to their inexpensive prices, unique layered structures, and rich active sites. Currently, designing low-cost, sustainable, and simple synthesis methods is essential for the application of transition-metal-based catalysts. Here, magnetic field (MF)-assisted chemical corrosion, as a novel technology, is adopted to construct superior OER electrocatalysts. The produced Ni(Fe)(OH)2-Fe2O3 electrode exhibits an overpotential of 272 mV at a current density of 100 mA cm-2, presenting a 64 mV reduction compared to the electrode without an MF. The experimental results indicate that an MF can induce the directional growth of Fe2O3 rods and reduce their accumulation. In addition, an external MF is beneficial for the lattice dislocation of the obtained catalysts, which can increase the surface free energy, thus reducing the activation energy and accelerating the electrochemical reaction kinetics. This work effectively combines a magnetic field with chemical corrosion and electrochemical energy, which offers a novel strategy for the large-scale development of environmentally friendly and superior electrocatalysts.

[Chemical constituents from Clitocybe clavipes and their antitumor activities].

This paper aimed to study the chemical constituents from Clitocybe clavipes. Silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-p reparative HPLC were employed to separate the ethanol extract of C. clavipes. Six compounds were identified by ~1H-NMR, ~(13)CNMR,and ESI-MS as clavilactone L(1), clavilactone A(2), clavilactone B(3), clavilactone E(4), clavilactone H(5), and clav ilactone I(6). Among them, compound 1 was a new meroterpenoid with a 10-membered carbocycle connected to a hydroquinone. Theantitumor activities of compounds 1-6 were determined by the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) ass ay. The results showed that compounds 1-6 exerted inhibitory effects on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cells(MGC-803),human non-small cell lung cancer cells(A549), and cervical cancer cells(HeLa). Compound 1 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against MGC-803 cells, with the half maximal inhibitory concentration(IC_(50)) of 11. 76 µmol·L~(-1).

The causal relationship between immune cells and Sjögren's syndrome: a univariate, multivariate, bidirectional Mendelian randomized study.

Introduction: Immune cells are involved in the onset and progression of Sjögren's syndrome (SS). This study explored the causal relationship between immune signature cells and SS, which has not been fully elucidated. Methods: We conducted univariate, multivariate, and bidirectional Mendelian randomization to investigate the causal relationship between 731 immunological feature characteristic cells and SS pairs and explore the interaction of immune cells in SS. Results: After false discovery rate correction, six immune cells were significantly associated with SS risk. Among them, four contributed to SS (CD24 on memory B cell, CD27 on IgD + CD24 + B cell, CD28 on CD39+ secreting CD4 Treg cell, and CD80 on CD62L + mDC); two appeared to reduce SS risk (CD3 on CD39 + CD8 + T cell and CD38 on IgD + CD38 + B cell). Pleiotropy and heterogeneity were not observed. Three immune cells exerted independent effects for SS (CD27 on IgD + CD24 + B cell, CD80 on CD62L + mDC, and CD38 on IgD + CD38 + B cell); two were risk factors (CD27 on IgD + CD24 + B cell and CD80 on CD62L + mDC); and one was a protective factor (CD38 on IgD + CD38 + B cell). Twenty-three immune cells showed a reverse causal relationship with SS. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the influence of immune cells on SS risk and the effects of SS on immune cells, providing new clues for further research on the mechanisms underlying SS.

Association of education attainment and risk of connective tissue diseases.

OBJECTIVE: We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the genetic causal relationship between educational attainment (EA) and risk of five common connective tissue diseases (CTDs). METHODS: Educational attainment (self-reported at age ≥30 years) was obtained from a meta-analysis of years of schooling in 766 345 participants of European ancestry from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). A total of 1265 signals associated with EA were identified. Genetic data for five CTDs [rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), polymyositis (PM), and dermatomyositis (DM)] were obtained from the FinnGen consortium. Two-sample MR analyses were performed separately for EA and the five CTDs. RESULTS: We found a negative causal relationship between EA and RA (ORIVW = 0.627, 95% CI = 0.537-0.732, p < .001), and SLE (ORIVW = 0.341, 95% CI = 0.123-0.944, p = .038). There were no genetic causal association between EA and SSc (ORIVW = 0.647, 95% CI = 0.351-1.195, p = .164), PM (ORIVW = 0.938, 95% CI = 0.320-2.746, p = .907), or DM (ORIVW = 0.754, 95% CI = 0.351-1.619, p = .468). None of the analyses revealed any horizontal pleiotropy or heterogeneity. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicated a potential causal association between EA and RA, SLE, emphasizing the need for further investigation and potential integration of EA into clinical practice to enhance treatment strategies.

Design, synthesis of griseofamine A derivatives and development of potent antibacterial agents against MRSA.

The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the most important multidrug-resistant bacteria in clinic, has become a serious global health issue. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of griseofamine A derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial profiles. In vitro assays found that compound 9o10 showed a remarkable improvement of antibacterial activity toward MRSA (MIC = 0.0625 µg/mL), compared with griseofamine A (MIC = 8 µg/mL) and vancomycin (MIC = 0.5 µg/mL) with low hemolysis and cytotoxicity. Its rapid bactericidal property was also confirmed by time-kill curve assay. Furthermore, compound 9o10 displayed weak drug resistance frequency. In in vivo experiment, compound 9o10 exhibited more potent antibacterial efficacy than vancomycin and excellent biosafety (LD50 > 2 g/kg). Preliminary mechanism study revealed compound 9o10 might involve antibacterial mechanisms contributing to membrane damage. Taken together, compound 9o10 possessed excellent inhibitory activity against MRSA in vitro and in vivo with low toxicity and drug resistance frequency, making it a promising hit compound for further development against MRSA infections.

Comprehensive bioremediation effect of phosphorus-mineralized bacterium Enterobacter sp. PMB-5 on cadmium contaminated soil-crop system.

Phosphate-mineralizing bacteria (PMBs) have been widely studied by inducing phosphate heavy metal precipitation, but current researches neglect to study their effects on soil-microbe-crop systems on cadmium (Cd) contaminated. Based on this, a strain PMB, Enterobacter sp. PMB-5, was inoculated into Cd contaminated pots to detect soil characteristics, Cd occurrence forms, soil biological activities, plant physiological and biochemical indicators. The results showed that the inoculation of strain PMB-5 significantly increased the available phosphorus content (85.97%-138.64%), Cd-residual fraction (11.04%-29.73%), soil enzyme activities (31.94%-304.63%), plant biomass (6.10%-59.81%), while decreased the state of Cd-HOAc (11.50%-31.17%) and plant bioconcentration factor (23.76%-44.24%). These findings indicated that strain PMB-5 could perform the function of phosphorus solubilization to realize the immobilization of Cd in the complex soil environment. Moreover, SEM-EDS, FTIR, XPS, and XRD analysis revealed that strain PMB-5 does not significantly alter the soil morphology, structure, elemental distribution, and chemical composition, which suggested that remediation of Cd contamination using strain PMB-5 would not further burden the soil. This research implies that PMB-5 could be a safe and effective bioinoculant for remediating Cd-contaminated soils, contributing to the sustainable management of soil health in contaminated environments.

Dynamic changes in lysosome-related pathways in APP/PS1 mice with aging.

Senile plaque, composed of amyloid ß protein (Aß) aggregates, is a critical pathological feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to cognitive dysfunction. However, how Aß aggregates exert age-dependent toxicity and temporal cognitive dysfunction in APP/PS1 mice remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated AD pathogenesis and dynamic alterations in lysosomal pathways within the hippocampus of age-gradient male mice using transcriptome sequencing, molecular biology assays, and histopathological analyses. We observed high levels of ß-amyloid precursor protein (APP) protein expression in the hippocampus at an early stage and age-dependent Aß deposition. Transcriptome sequencing revealed the enrichment of differential genes related to the lysosome pathway. Furthermore, the protein expression of ATP6V0d2 and CTSD associated with lysosomal functions exhibited dynamic changes with age, increasing in the early stage and decreasing later. Similar age-dependent patterns were observed for the endosome function, autophagy pathway, and SGK1/FOXO3a pathway. Nissl and Golgi staining in the hippocampal region showed age-dependent neuronal loss and synaptic damage, respectively. These findings clearly define the age-gradient changes in the autophagy-lysosome system, the endosome/lysosome system, and the SGK1/FOXO3a pathway in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice, providing new perspectives and clues for understanding the possible mechanisms of AD, especially the transition from compensatory to decompensated state.

The 'whole landscape' of research on systemic sclerosis over the past 73 years.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyse existing research on systemic sclerosis (SSc) conducted over the past 73 years to develop an essential reference for a comprehensive and objective understanding of this field of inquiry. METHODS: Using the Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed, and Scopus databases as data sources for the bibliometric analysis, we searched for published literature related to SSc over the past 73 years. The Bibliometrix package was used to analyse key bibliometric indicators, such as annual publication volume, countries, journals, author contributions, and research hotspots. RESULTS: From 1970 to 2022, the number of SSc articles steadily increased, reaching its peak in 2020-2022, with approximately 1200 papers published in each of these three years. Matucci-Cerinic et al.'s team published the most articles (425). The United States (11,282), Italy (7027), and France (5226) were the most predominant contexts. The most influential scholars in the field were Denton, Leroy, Steen, and Khanna, with H-indices of 86, 84, and 83, respectively. Arthritis and Rheumatism was the most influential journal in this field (H-index 142). High-frequency keywords in the SSc field included fibrosis (738), inflammation (242), vasculopathy (145), fibroblasts (120), and autoantibodies (118) with respect to pathogenesis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD, 708), pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH, 696), and Raynaud's phenomenon (326) with regards to clinical manifestations. CONCLUSION: In the past three years, SSc research has entered a period of rapid development, mainly driven by research institutions in Europe and the United States. The most influential journal has been Arthritis and Rheumatism, and autoimmune aspects, vasculopathy, fibrogenesis, PAH, and ILD remain the focus of current research and indicate trends in future research.

Novel metabolic biomarker for early detection and diagnosis to the patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) is classified as Siewert type II adenocarcinoma at the esophagogastric junction in Western countries. The majority of GCA patients do not exhibit early warning symptoms, leading to over 90% of diagnoses at an advanced stage, resulting in a grim prognosis, with less than a 20% 5-year survival rate. METHOD: Metabolic features of 276 GCA and 588 healthy controls were characterized through a widely-targeted metabolomics by UPLC-MS/MS analysis. This study encompasses a joint pathway analysis utilizing identified metabolites, survival analysis in both early and advanced stages, as well as high and negative and low expression of HER2 immunohistochemistry staining. Machine learning techniques and Cox regression models were employed to construct a diagnostic panel. RESULTS: A total of 25 differential metabolites were consistently identified in both discovery and validation sets based on criteria of p < 0.05, (VIP) ≥ 1, and FC ≥ 2 or FC ≤ 0.5. Early-stage GCA patients exhibited a more favorable prognosis compared to those in advanced stages. HER2 overexpression was associated with a more positive outcome compared to the negative and low expression groups. Metabolite panel demonstrated a robust diagnostic performance with AUC of 0.869 in discovery set and 0.900 in validation set. CONCLUSIONS: A total of 25 common and stable differential metabolites may hold promise as liquid non-invasive indicators for GCA diagnosis. HER2 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in GCA, as its overexpression is associated with improved survival. The downregulation of bile acid metabolism in GCA may offer valuable theoretical insights and innovative approaches for precision-targeted treatments in GCA patients.

Effect of screening colonoscopy frequency on colorectal cancer mortality in patients with a family history of colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor in China, and its incidence in the elderly is increasing annually. Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. AIM: To assess the effect of screening colonoscopy frequency on colorectal cancer mortality. METHODS: We included the clinicopathological and follow-up data of patients with colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic colectomy or open colectomy at our Gastrointestinal Department between January 2019 and December 2022. Surgical indicators, oncological indicators, and survival rates were compared between the groups. The results of 104 patients who met the above criteria were extracted from the database (laparoscopic colectomy group = 63, open colectomy group = 41), and there were no statistically significant differences in the baseline data or follow-up time between the two groups. RESULTS: Intraoperative blood loss, time to first ambulation, and time to first fluid intake were significantly lower in the laparoscopic colectomy group than in the open colectomy group. The differences in overall mortality, tumor-related mortality, and recurrence rates between the two groups were not statistically significant, and survival analysis showed that the differences in the cumulative overall survival, tumor-related survival, and cumulative recurrence-free rates between the two groups were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: In elderly patients with colorectal cancer, laparoscopic colectomy has better short-term outcomes than open colectomy, and laparoscopic colectomy has superior long-term survival outcomes compared with open colectomy.

Differential Expression of KIF18B in Gastric Cancer and Its Role in Chemotherapy Sensitivity.

Gastric cancer (GC) is a main cause of cancer death in the world, and improving the chemotherapy sensitivity can enhance the chemotherapy efficacy of GC. The study objective is to explore the differential KIF18B expression in GC and its effect on GC chemotherapy sensitivity. The KIF18B expression in GC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between differential KIF18B expression and different clinicopathological features was detected. It was found that KIF18B was highly expressed in GC tissues, and KIF18B expression was differential in patients with different clinicopathological features. The upregulation of KIF18B has a positive correlation with the poor therapeutic effect and high KIF18 was associated with lower 3-year overall survival and disease-free survival. The KIF18B-downregulated NCI-N87 cells were constructed and tested by cell counting kit-8 assay and colony formation. Cell migration and invasion were detected by Transwell assay. The xenograft tumor model was established to observe the effect of KIF18B on the efficacy of chemotherapy. The upregulation of KIF18B reduced the chemotherapy sensitivity of GC cells and enhanced their proliferation, migration, and invasion. Silencing KIF18B inhibited tumor growth and promoted chemotherapy efficacy in vivo. In summary, KIF18B inhibitor may have a potential function for improving the efficacy of chemotherapy in GC.

Loco-regional radiotherapy in de novo metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma with chemotherapy and immunotherapy: A real-world retrospective study from two cancer centers.

BACKGROUND: Immunochemotherapy has become the first-line treatment for initial diagnosed metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (mNPC). Loco-regional radiotherapy combined with systemic chemotherapy significantly improves the survival. However, the safety and efficacy of loco-regional radiotherapy combined with immunochemotherapy remained unknown. METHODS: Patients with de novo mNPC who received immunochemotherapy followed by loco-regional radiotherapy were included from two cancer centers. Toxicity and treatment response were assessed using CTCAE 5.0 and RECIST 1.1, respectively. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: From 2019 to 2021, a total of 16 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up was 28 months (range 14-47 months). No one died. One-year, 2-year, and 3-year PFS rate was 93.8%, 58.4% and 50.1%, respectively. Radiotherapy-related acute severe (grade 3 or higher) toxicity was dermatitis (1/16, 6.3%) and mucositis (2/16, 12.5%). CONCLUSIONS: Loco-regional radiotherapy provided a promising efficacy with modest toxicity for patients with mNPC who received immunochemotherapy.

Strong, tough and anisotropic bioinspired hydrogels.

Soft materials are widely used in tissue engineering, soft robots, wearable electronics, etc. However, it remains a challenge to fabricate soft materials, such as hydrogels, with both high strength and toughness that are comparable to biological tissues. Inspired by the anisotropic structure of biological tissues, a novel solvent-exchange-assisted wet-stretching strategy is proposed to prepare anisotropic polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels by tuning the macromolecular chain movement and optimizing the polymer network. The reinforcing and toughening mechanisms are found to be "macromolecule crystallization and nanofibril formation". These hydrogels exhibit excellent mechanical properties, such as extremely high fracture stress (12.8 ± 0.7 MPa) and fracture strain (1719 ± 77%), excellent modulus (4.51 ± 0.76 MPa), high work of fracture (134.47 ± 9.29 MJ m-3), and fracture toughness (305.04 kJ m-2) compared with other strong hydrogels and even natural tendons. In addition, excellent conductivity, strain sensing capability, water retention, freezing resistance, swelling resistance, and biocompatibility can also be achieved. This work provides a new and effective method to fabricate multifunctional anisotropic hydrogels with high tunable strength and toughness with potential applications in the fields of regenerative medicine, flexible sensors, and soft robotics.