Interaction mechanism of Al2O3 abrasive in tantalum chemical mechanical polishing.

Al2O3 abrasive is expected to enhance chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) efficiency compared to the SiO2 abrasive. However, Al2O3 powder has dispersion issues and the material removal mechanism by Al2O3 remains unclear. This study investigated the role of Al2O3 abrasive in the tantalum CMP. It is revealed that (NaPO3)6 can effectively disperse Al2O3 powder in water. PO3 - improves the stability while Na+ deteriorates it. The total Na+ concentration should be lower than the turning point to attain high stability. With stable Al2O3-containing slurries, a relatively high material removal rate of tantalum can be obtained at an alkaline pH. The characterization results indicate that the Ta element can be adsorbed on Al2O3 probably due to the chemical interaction between Al2O3 and the tantalum surface. Moreover, the Al2O3 microsphere tip starts to remove tantalum at 0.48 GPa, which is much lower than the yield strength of the tantalum surface film. For the mechanism, tantalum can be oxidized by H2O2 at alkaline pH. When Al2O3 presses and slides on the tantalum surface, tribochemical reactions occur, forming a chemical bond of Al-O-Ta at the interface. As Al2O3 moves, the bond is stretched and tantalum is detached. The findings provide mechanistic insight into Al2O3 abrasive in CMP.

Rapid one-pot human single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping platform with Cas13a nuclease.

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), as one of the key components of the genetic factors, is important for disease detection and early screening of hereditary diseases. Current SNP genotyping methods require laboratory instruments or long operating times. To facilitate the diagnosis of hereditary diseases, we developed a new method referred to as the LwaCas13a-based SNP genotyping platform (Cas13a platform), which is useful for detecting disease-related SNPs. We report a CRISPR/Cas13a-based SNP genotyping platform that couples recombinase-aided amplification (RAA), T7 transcription, and Leptotrichia wadei Cas13a (LwaCas13a) detection for simple and fast genotyping of human disease-related SNPs. We used this Cas13a platform to identify 17 disease-related SNPs, demonstrating that position 2 in gRNA is suitable for the introduction of additional mismatches to achieve high discrimination in genotyping across a wide range of SNP targets. The discrimination specificity of 17 SNPs was improved 3.0-35.1-fold after introducing additional mismatches at position 2 from the 5'-end. We developed a method, which has a lower risk of cross-contamination and operational complexity, for genotyping SNPs using human saliva samples in an one-pot testing that delivers results within 60 min. Compared to TaqMan probe qPCR, RFLP, AS-PCR and other SNP genotyping methods, the Cas13a platform is simple, rapid and reliable, expanding the applications of the CRISPR/Cas system in nucleic acid detection and SNP genotyping.

An unusual cause of liver neoplasm in an older female.

We presented a 66-year-old woman with T2DM who had a liver mass discovered incidentally during hospitalization. She was asymptomatic with a right upper abdominal mass that was smooth, mobile, and non-tender. Hepatitis virus markers and tumor markers were normal. The computed tomography (CT) images showed a 4.7×4.0 cm lesion in the left liver lobe with indistinct borders. Further magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed low T1 and high T2 signal intensity with ring-shaped enhancement following contrast administration. Surgical resection was performed, and histology confirmed hepatic angioleiomyoma with thick-walled vessels and spindle cell proliferation. Immunohistochemistry was positive for SMA, desmin, caldesmon, CD31, and CD34. The patient had no recurrence during 5 years follow-up.

Berberine sensitizes immune checkpoint blockade therapy in melanoma by NQO1 inhibition and ROS activation.

Unprecedented progress in immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has been made in cancer treatment. However, the response to ICB therapy is limited to a small subset of patients. The development of ICB sensitizers to improve cancer immunotherapy outcomes is urgently needed. Berberine (BBR), a well-known phytochemical compound isolated from many kinds of medicinal plants such as Berberis aristata, Coptis chinensis, and Phellondendron chinense Schneid, has shown the ability to inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. In this study, we investigated whether BBR can enhance the therapeutic benefit of ICB for melanoma, and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. The results showed that BBR could sensitize ICB to inhibit tumor growth and increased the survival rate of mice. Moreover, BBR stimulated intracellular ROS production partially by inhibiting NQO1 activity, which induced immunogenic cell death (ICD) in melanoma, elevated the levels of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), and subsequently activated DC cells and CD8 + T cells in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, BBR is a novel ICD inducer. BBR could enhance the therapeutic benefit of ICB for melanoma. These effects were partially mediated through the inhibition of NQO1 and ROS activation.

Risk Factors and Hazards of Recipient-Area Perifollicular Erythema After Hair Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Recipient-area perifollicular erythema (RPE) may delay graft growth after hair transplantation. However, there is currently a lack of observational clinical studies of RPE. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features and risk factors associated with RPE while analyzing its correlation with graft growth. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study between June 2020 and January 2023. RESULTS: A total of 1090 participants were included, 178 (16.33%) showed mild RPE, 56 (5.14%) showed moderate RPE, and 10 (0.92%) showed severe RPE. Patients with RPE had severe hair shaft shedding (P < 0.001) and a lower survival rate (P < 0.001) of grafts. Logistic regression analysis showed that folliculitis is a significant risk factor for mild RPE (OR 6.061, 95% CI 3.343-10.991, P < 0.001) and moderate RPE (OR 3.397, 95% CI 1.299-8.882, P = 0.013). Besides, untimely first postoperative hair washing was associated with the development of moderate RPE (OR 0.724, 95% CI 0.553-0.947, P = 0.018) and severe RPE (OR 1.553, 95% CI 1.156-2.086, P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: RPE is a postoperative complication closely related to high hair shaft shedding proportion and low graft survival rate. Both postoperative folliculitis and untimely first postoperative hair washing may induce the occurrence of RPE. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

A novel SpaSA based hyper-parameter optimized FCEDN with adaptive CNN classification for skin cancer detection.

Skin cancer is the most prevalent kind of cancer in people. It is estimated that more than 1 million people get skin cancer every year in the world. The effectiveness of the disease's therapy is significantly impacted by early identification of this illness. Preprocessing is the initial detecting stage in enhancing the quality of skin images by removing undesired background noise and objects. This study aims is to compile preprocessing techniques for skin cancer imaging that are currently accessible. Researchers looking into automated skin cancer diagnosis might use this article as an excellent place to start. The fully convolutional encoder-decoder network and Sparrow search algorithm (FCEDN-SpaSA) are proposed in this study for the segmentation of dermoscopic images. The individual wolf method and the ensemble ghosting technique are integrated to generate a neighbour-based search strategy in SpaSA for stressing the correct balance between navigation and exploitation. The classification procedure is accomplished by using an adaptive CNN technique to discriminate between normal skin and malignant skin lesions suggestive of disease. Our method provides classification accuracies comparable to commonly used incremental learning techniques while using less energy, storage space, memory access, and training time (only network updates with new training samples, no network sharing). In a simulation, the segmentation performance of the proposed technique on the ISBI 2017, ISIC 2018, and PH2 datasets reached accuracies of 95.28%, 95.89%, 92.70%, and 98.78%, respectively, on the same dataset and assessed the classification performance. It is accurate 91.67% of the time. The efficiency of the suggested strategy is demonstrated through comparisons with cutting-edge methodologies.

Celastrol enhances the viability of random-pattern skin flaps by regulating autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis.

In reconstructive and plastic surgery, random-pattern skin flaps (RPSF) are often used to correct defects. However, their clinical usefulness is limited due to their susceptibility to necrosis, especially on the distal side of the RPSF. This study validates the protective effect of celastrol (CEL) on flap viability and explores in terms of underlying mechanisms of action. The viability of different groups of RPSF was evaluated by survival zone analysis, laser doppler blood flow, and histological analysis. The effects of CEL on flap angiogenesis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and autophagy were evaluated by Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assays. Finally, its mechanistic aspects were explored by autophagy inhibitor and Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor. On the seventh day after surgery, the survival area size, blood supply, and microvessel count of RPSF were augmented following the administration of CEL. Additionally, CEL stimulated angiogenesis, suppressed apoptosis, and lowered oxidative stress levels immediately after elevated autophagy in ischemic regions; These effects can be reversed using the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (CQ). Specifically, CQ has been observed to counteract the protective impact of CEL on the RPSF. Moreover, it has also been discovered that CEL triggers the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis activation in the area affected by ischemia. In CEL-treated skin flaps, AMPK inhibitors were demonstrated to suppress the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis and reduce autophagy levels. This investigation suggests that CEL benefits the survival of RPSF by augmenting angiogenesis and impeding oxidative stress and apoptosis. The results are credited to increased autophagy, made possible by the AMPK-mTOR-TFEB axis activation.

Genome assembly of autotetraploid Actinidia arguta highlights adaptive evolution and enables dissection of important economic traits.

Actinidia arguta, the most widely distributed Actinidia species and the second cultivated species in the genus, can be distinguished from the currently cultivated Actinidia chinensis on the basis of its small and smooth fruit, rapid softening, and excellent cold tolerance. Adaptive evolution of tetraploid Actinidia species and the genetic basis of their important agronomic traits are still unclear. Here, we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly of an autotetraploid male A. arguta accession. The genome assembly was 2.77 Gb in length with a contig N50 of 9.97 Mb and was anchored onto 116 pseudo-chromosomes. Resequencing and clustering of 101 geographically representative accessions showed that they could be divided into two geographic groups, Southern and Northern, which first diverged 12.9 million years ago. A. arguta underwent two prominent expansions and one demographic bottleneck from the mid-Pleistocene climate transition to the late Pleistocene. Population genomics studies using paleoclimate data enabled us to discern the evolution of the species' adaptation to different historical environments. Three genes (AaCEL1, AaPME1, and AaDOF1) related to flesh softening were identified by multi-omics analysis, and their ability to accelerate flesh softening was verified through transient expression assays. A set of genes that characteristically regulate sexual dimorphism located on the sex chromosome (Chr3) or autosomal chromosomes showed biased expression during stamen or carpel development. This chromosome-level assembly of the autotetraploid A. arguta genome and the genes related to important agronomic traits will facilitate future functional genomics research and improvement of A. arguta.

LINC00662 promotes melanoma progression by competitively binding miR-107 and activating the ß-catenin signaling pathway.

Melanoma is a highly malignant tumor in the body. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to be involved in the development of various tumors. Emerging evidence demonstrates the critical role of lncRNAs in melanoma development. In this study, we aimed to investigate the expression, biological function and regulatory mechanism of LINC00662 in melanomas. First, we found that LINC00662 was up-regulated in melanoma tissues and cell lines. High expression of LINC00662 in melanomas was associated with a poor patient prognosis. Silencing of LINC00662 suppressed the proliferation, migration, and invasion of melanoma cells in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of LINC00662 promoted melanoma cell proliferation in vitro. Bioinformatics analysis, dual-luciferase assay, and RIP assay confirmed that LINC00662 competitively regulated miR-107. Silencing of LINC00662 upregulated miR-107 expression in a melanoma cell line. Inhibition of miR-107 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of LINC00662 silencing on cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, POU3F2 was validated as a downstream target of LINC00662/miR107 and was downregulated when LINC00662 was silenced. Overexpressing POU3F2 attenuated the effect of si-LINC00662 on cellular functions. In addition, the results also showed that the ß-catenin pathway was involved in a si-LINC00662-induced function in melanoma. Overall, our results confirmed that LINC00662 promoted melanoma progression by sponging miR107 and inducing POU3F2, highlighting the mechanism of the LINC00662/miR-107/POU3F2 axis in melanoma cell proliferation and invasion.

Occurrence characteristics and risk assessment of microplastics in agricultural soils in the loess hilly gully area of Yan' an, China.

Large amounts of microplastics accumulated in the soil of agricultural fields with the rapid development of mulch agriculture. The enrichment of microplastics endangered the growth of crops and food security, and it also posed ecological risks. In this study, we investigated microplastics in a typical agriculture area of Yan' an City, in the loess hilly gully area of China. The characteristics of microplastics including their abundances, sizes, and types were measured through laser direct infrared spectrometer. The potential sources of microplastics were analyzed and the risk of soil microplastic pollution was evaluated. It was elaborated that the average abundances of microplastics in soil, water, and fertilizer were 4505 ± 435 n·kg-1, 91 ± 27 n·L-1, and 39,629 ± 10,114 n·kg-1, respectively. Microplastics with particle sizes < 100 µm accounted for >90 %. The smaller the particle size, the higher the content of microplastics. The top three polymers were polyethylene (PE, 37.4 %), polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 15.0 %), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA, 8.9 %), respectively. Agricultural mulch, plastic film, domestic waste, surface water irrigation, and organic compost were probably the potential sources of soil microplastics. The ecological risk evaluation showed that overall sampling sites had a minor ecological risk of microplastic pollution based on their abundance, while the polymer type showed a relatively high ecological risk for the investigated agricultural soils. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) contribute considerably to the ecological risk, and their inputs to the farmland environment should be strictly limited. There was no significant carcinogenic risk to humans. This study would provide the basic reference for the current situation and risk assessment of farmland soil microplastics pollution in the loess hilly gully area of China.

A Case of Pseudohypoparathyroidism Misdiagnosed as Idiopathic Epilepsy for 5 Years: Clinical Analysis and Follow-up Outcomes.

We report a 15-year-old Chinese girl who presented with intermittent seizure episodes and had been misdiagnosed as having idiopathic epilepsy 5 years previously. Laboratory testing revealed hypocalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and a high parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration. She was subsequently shown to have pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHPIb) based on the results of methylation analysis of the GNAS gene, which showed a loss of methylation of the differentially methylated regions (DMR) of GNAS-AS1, GNAS-XL, and GNAS-A/B; and a gain of methylation of the DMR of the GNAS-NESP55 region. We adjusted the patient's medication by prescribing calcium and calcitriol supplements, and gradually reduced the doses of antiepileptic drugs, until they had been completely discontinued. As a result, the patient did not experience any further seizures or epileptiform symptoms; and had normal plasma calcium, phosphorus, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and 24-hour urinary calcium excretion. In addition, her PTH concentration gradually normalized over 12 months, and no urinary stones were found on ultrasonographic examination. In conclusion, the clinical presentation of PHP is complex, and the condition is often misdiagnosed. The diagnosis and follow-up of the present patient have provide valuable insights that should contribute to informed clinical decision-making and the implementation of appropriate treatment strategies.

Characterization and Risk Factors of Folliculitis after Hair Transplantation: A Multicenter Retrospective Study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative folliculitis is a common complication of hair transplantation (HT) requiring effective preventive interventions. This study characterized postoperative folliculitis and determined risk factors in patients underwent HT. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 1317 patients who underwent HT and completed 9-month follow-up between January 2018 and June 2021 at four medical centers. The incidence of postoperative folliculitis and patient demographics were assessed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors, and the characteristics of different types of folliculitis were compared. RESULTS: The overall incidence of postoperative folliculitis was 12.11%, and clinical characteristics varied among the different types of folliculitis. Surgery in summer (odds ratio [OR], 1.772, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-2.992), number of transplant grafts ≥4000 (OR: 4.818, 95% CI: 1.45-16.014), transplant density >45 grafts per/cm 2 (OR: 2.152, 95% CI: 1.376-3.367), and first nursing time >3 days (OR: 1.555, 95% CI: 1.088-2.223) were the main risk factors for postoperative folliculitis. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative folliculitis after HT presents different characteristics. Surgical factors and postoperative nursing were demonstrated to be related to folliculitis. Therefore, we propose a preventive folliculitis model based on preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors.

Nutrition and melanoma: the contribution of trace elements in onset, progression, and treatment of melanoma.

Melanoma is a highly malignant and drug-resistant disease that imposes a substantial economic burden on the world. There are many studies linking trace elements to diverse types of cancers, including melanoma. This review elucidates the relationship between trace elements exposure and melanoma. It was identified that copper, manganese, selenium, zinc, iron, and many other trace elements were associated with melanoma in humans. In terms of epidemiology, different elements have different correlations with melanoma. These trace elements affect the occurrence and development of melanoma through various mechanisms, such as oxidative stress and the MAPK pathway. The literature on the role of trace elements in the pathogenesis and treatment of melanoma depicts promising prospects for this field.

Eye tracking and eye expression decoding based on transparent, flexible and ultra-persistent electrostatic interface.

Eye tracking provides valuable insight for analyzing visual attention and underlying thinking progress through the observation of eye movements. Here, a transparent, flexible and ultra-persistent electrostatic sensing interface is proposed for realizing active eye tracking (AET) system based on the electrostatic induction effect. Through a triple-layer structure combined with a dielectric bilayer and a rough-surface Ag nanowire (Ag NW) electrode layer, the inherent capacitance and interfacial trapping density of the electrostatic interface has been strongly enhanced, contributing to an unprecedented charge storage capability. The electrostatic charge density of the interface reached 1671.10 µC·m-2 with a charge-keeping rate of 96.91% after 1000 non-contact operation cycles, which can finally realize oculogyric detection with an angular resolution of 5°. Thus, the AET system enables real-time decoding eye movements for customer preference recording and eye-controlled human-computer interaction, supporting its limitless potentiality in commercial purpose, virtual reality, human computer interactions and medical monitoring.

A curtain purification system based on a rabbit fur-based rotating triboelectric nanogenerator for efficient photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds.

Efficient removal of air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and particulate matter (PM) through distributed energy collected from the environment is an effective strategy to achieve both energy conservation and better air quality. Herein, a curtain purification system based on a rabbit fur-based rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (RR-TENG) and a collaborative photocatalysis technology was designed for indoor air purification. The high electrostatic field from RR-TENG enhances formaldehyde adsorption, while it can also efficiently adsorb PM2.5 simultaneously. More interestingly, the ultrahigh electric field provided by RR-TENG promotes the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs of the g-C3N4/TiO2 composite photocatalyst, generating more superoxide radicals (⋅O2-), hydroxyl radicals (⋅OH), and holes (h+) and thereby improving the photocatalytic efficiency. In a simulated reaction chamber of 9 L, the formaldehyde removal rate of the system can reach 79.2% within 90 min and RR-TENG rapidly reduces PM2.5 from 999 µg m-3 to 50 µg m-3 within 60 s. This study proposes a curtain purification system integrating the function of energy collection and photocatalytic purification, which can be applied for improving air quality and human health.

Circ_0000467 regulates proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis in gastric cancer by targeting the miR-622/ROCK2 axis.

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks fourth as a cause of cancer-induced mortality worldwide. Recently, some studies have demonstrated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play vital roles in human cancers, including GC. METHODS: The expression levels of circ_0000467, microRNA-622 (miR-622), and Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase2 (ROCK2) were determined by RT-qPCR assay. The protein expression was quantified by western blot assay. The interaction relationship between miR-622 and circ_0000467 or ROCK2 was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay and RIP assay. The biological behaviors of GC cells including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were determined by EdU assay, colony-forming assay, flow cytometry, and transwell assay. The effects of circ_0000467 silencing in vivo were assessed by a xenograft experiment in nude mice. RESULTS: MiR-622 was downregulated and ROCK2 was upregulated in GC tissues and cells. Loss-of-function experiment revealed that overexpression of miR-622 decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion while it increased apoptosis in GC cells. Furthermore, ROCK2 was a functional target of miR-622, and upregulation of ROCK2 abolished miR-622-induced effects on GC cells. What's more, circ_0000467 was upregulated in GC, and inhibition of miR-622 reversed silencing of circ_0000467-caused effects on GC cells, suggesting that miR-622 was a target of circ_0000467. The suppression of circ_0000467 was able to slow the tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION: Mechanistically, circ_0000467 functioned as an oncogenic regulator in GC by specifically binding to miR-622 to upregulate ROCK2, which might be novel diagnostic markers for GC.

Membrane Applications in Autologous Cell Therapy.

Stem cell and cell therapies, particularly autologous cell therapies, are becoming a common practice. However, in order for these technologies to achieve wide-scale clinical application, the prohibitively high cost associated with these therapies must be addressed through creative engineering. Membranes can be a disruptive technology to reshape the bioprocessing and manufacture of cellular products and significantly reduce the cost of autologous cell therapies. Examples of successful membrane applications include expansions of CAR-T cells, various human stem cells, and production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) using hollow fibre membrane bioreactors. Novel membranes with tailored functions and surface properties and novel membrane modules that can accommodate the changing needs for surface area and transport properties are to be developed to fulfil this key role.

Bacillus suaedae sp. nov., isolated from the stem of Suaeda aralocaspica in north-west China.

A bacterial strain, designated YZJH907-2T, was isolated from the stem of Suaeda aralocaspica, collected from the southern edge of the Gurbantunggut desert, Xinjiang, PR China. Cells of strain YZJH907-2T were Gram-stain-positive, aerobic and rod-shaped. They formed white or colourless circular colonies with smooth convex surfaces. Strain YZJH907-2T grew at 4-50 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), pH 7.0-10.0 (optimum, pH 8.0-9.0) and with 0-10 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 3-7 %). The genomic DNA G+C content of strain YZJH907-2T was 38.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity showed that the strain was most closely related to Bacillus alcalophilus DSM 485T (97.37 %), Bacillus kiskunsagensis B16-24T (96.87 %) and Bacillus bogoriensis LBB3T (96.71 %). Average nucleotide identity values between YZJH907-2T and B. alcalophilus DSM 485Tand B. bogoriensis LBB3T were 69.2 and 69.0 %, respectively. Digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of YZJH907-2T with B. alcalophilus DSM 485T and B. bogoriensis LBB3T were 19.6 and 20.4 %, respectively. The cell wall of strain YZJH907-2T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, and the major and secondary isoprenoid quinones were MK-7 and MK-5, respectively. Results of fatty acids showed that anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0 were the predominant cellular fatty acids. Two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography analysis indicated that the polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids and two unidentified glycolipids. Based on the genomic, phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses, strain YZJH907-2T represented a novel species of the genus Bacillus, and thus the name Bacillus suaedae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YZJH907-2T (=CGMCC 1.18763T=KCTC 43335T).

Cranio-maxillofacial post-operative face prediction by deep spatial multiband VGG-NET CNN.

Current plastic and reconstructive surgery computational techniques are not precise and take a long time to perform. Therefore, these limitations reduced the adoption of computational techniques. Although computer-aided surgical preparation systems may help to enhance clinical results, minimize operating time and costs, they are too complicated and require detailed manual information, which restricts their usage in doctor-patient communication and clinical decision-making. In order to obtain the optimal aesthetic and reconstruction treatment results, these techniques must be designed and implemented carefully. Computer-aided modeling, planning, and simulation techniques enable the preoperational evaluation of various therapeutic strategies based on the 3D patient models. We offer the new deep-learning architecture for diagnostics, risk stratification, and post-operative simulation for face prediction. Initially, preprocessing was done by using the weighted adaptive median filter and Laplacian partial differential equation-based histogram equalization. Then the target area was converted to 3D for clear visualization by using the Smart restorative frustum model. Finally, the post-operative face prediction was constructed by using the deep spatial Multiband VGG NET CNN. We obtained a face dataset of 313,318 CT and their clinical records from different centers. The algorithms were developed by 21,095 scans (Qure25k data set). In addition, CQ500 datasets from various centers were compiled in two batches, B1 and B2, to validate the algorithms clinically. Four hundred ninety-one scans used the CQ500 dataset. Initially, we reconstructed the input image and then devised the post-operative face computationally. The suggested deep spatial Multiband VGG NET CNN showed the high range of post-operative face prediction accuracy. Therefore, successful metrics such as the Jaccard and dice scores have shown accurate outcomes compared to other traditional methods. MATLAB was used to obtain the output of proposed work. With the help of the suggested classifier, the prediction accuracy was 93.7%, sensitivity was 99.9%, and specificity was 99.8%, all of which were higher than traditional approaches. Here, the suggested method provides better results for post-operative face prediction to the applied dataset than any other existing mechanisms. It is a generalized attempt that can apply to other similar datasets as well.

Isometric Double-Layer Staggered Chain Teeth Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

The sliding freestanding layer triboelectric nanogenerator (SF-TENG) is a sustainable power source that can convert mechanical energy from linear or rotating mechanical motion to electrical energy. This paper proposes a double-layer staggered chain teeth TENG. Comparing the staggered electrode TENG and the double-layer staggered electrode TENG, the output voltage difference is relatively small. The electrode of the TENG is designed to the shape of chain teeth, which proves that TENG can be combined with a zipper, and the best distance among chain teeth in the TENG is determined through experiments. Compared with traditional zippers, the double-layer staggered chain teeth TENG can generate electrical energy during the continuous pulling of the zipper. The double-layer staggered chain teeth TENG has good performance. When the external load is 20 MΩ, the maximum output power reaches 20.18 µW. After the rectification and transformation, the generated electricity can light up 30 LED lights or more, and can also supply power to electronic devices. Through the chain teeth array, the open circuit voltage and transfer charge generated by the zipper during the continuous pulling process are improved. The double-layer staggered chain teeth TENG has a good usage environment in life, and this work will provide valuable insights for the development of SF-TENG technology.