A cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in Argentina to evaluate the impact of the exposome on skin aging.

BACKGROUND: Skin aging is a gradual cumulative process that may be accelerated by various exposome factors. AIMS: To investigate associations between exposome factors and facial skin aging in 11 locations in Argentina. PATIENTS/METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional study with assessments by exposome questionnaire, Glogau photoaging classification from I to IV, AI-based algorithm analysis of 7 skin aging signs, and SCINEXA score. RESULTS: Of 1346 participants, most were women (82%), aged 31-50 years (62%), of skin phototype III (52%), and living in urban areas (94%). The Glogau skin age was higher than the chronological age for 28% of overall participants, 36% of men, and 45% of participants from Ciudad de Buenos Aires versus 12% from Jujuy (p < 0.001). Being male (OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.18-2.13), exposed to agrochemicals (OR = 1.59: 95% CI 1.01-2.51), of lower socioeconomic levels (OR = 2.06; 95% CI 1.32-3.21) and doing outdoor physical activity (OR = 1.33; 95% CI 1.00-1.76) increased the risk for premature aging. Odds decreased with high daily intake of water (OR = 0.76; 95% CI 0.59-0.97), daily dermocosmetic use (moisturizers [OR = 0.72; 95% CI 0.55-0.94], cleansers [OR = 0.53; CI 95% 0.42-0.67], retinoids [OR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.39-0.95]), and antiaging treatments (OR = 0.74; 95% CI 0.57-0.97). CONCLUSIONS: Some exposome factors increased the risk for premature skin aging (physical outdoor activity, exposure to agrochemicals), while others were protective factors (high water intake, antiaging treatments, use of dermocosmetics). Locations with higher pollution levels had more premature skin aging.

Non-saccharomyces yeast probiotics: revealing relevance and potential.

Non-Saccharomyces yeasts are unicellular eukaryotes that play important roles in diverse ecological niches. In recent decades, their physiological and morphological properties have been reevaluated and reassessed, demonstrating the enormous potential they possess in various fields of application. Non-Saccharomyces yeasts have gained relevance as probiotics, and in vitro and in vivo assays are very promising and offer a research niche with novel applications within the functional food and nutraceutical industry. Several beneficial effects have been described, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and gastrointestinal modulation and regulation functions. In addition, several positive effects of bioactive compounds or production of specific enzymes have been reported on physical, mental and neurodegenerative diseases as well as on the organoleptic properties of the final product. Other points to highlight are the multiomics as a tool to enhance characteristics of interest within the industry; as well as microencapsulation offer a wide field of study that opens the niche of food matrices as carriers of probiotics; in turn, non-Saccharomyces yeasts offer an interesting alternative as microencapsulating cells of various compounds of interest.

Latitudinal variation in the functional response of Quercus suber seedlings to extreme drought.

Many plant species are being threatened by increasingly drought conditions due to current climate change at planetary scale. This global trend is leading to the scientific community to investigate the potential role of local adaptations through intraspecific differences in functional traits that may boost conservation strategies by modulating the plant responses to reduced water availability. We assessed under controlled conditions the effect of four different drought intensities on the survival time and morphological traits of Quercus suber seedlings collected from nine populations covering the complete latitudinal distribution of the species. Functional morphological traits related to biomass allocation and leaf and root display were analyzed. We then related these traits with the survival time after a terminal desiccation, used as a drought-resistance proxy and expressed as survival time without watering. Abundant watering availability allowed seedlings to survive for a longer period compared to drier conditions. Further, all morphological traits differed across watering levels, showing a very plastic response. Acorns from southern latitudes produced very large seedlings compared to those gathered from northern latitudes. However, the larger biomass implied higher evaporative water loss, inducing lower survival of southern populations under extreme drought conditions. We further found a clear trend toward maximizing those traits related with belowground growth (i.e., root surface area, root average diameter and root volume) in southern populations aimed to increase water uptake, overcoming the most limiting factor for plant growth in that area. Our results support that increased root development allow cork oak to maintain its functioning after being subjected to damage caused by reduced water availability, whereas high aerial biomass allocation is a handicap for survival under drought stress conditions. This study identifies drought-resistant populations and morphological traits related to drought resistance, which can be applied to improve restoration actions under a warmer climate.

Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en el embarazo / Eating disorders in pregnancy

Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria afectan a mujeres en edad fértil, sin embargo, la intersección de éstos y el embarazo es aún pobremente comprendida, existiendo aún datos limitados en la literatura. Esta revisión narrativa resume la evidencia actual acerca de los trastornos alimentarios durante el embarazo: su prevalencia, curso, el impacto que éstos tienen en la salud materna, fetal y en su descendencia, así como posibles estrategias de intervención.

Eating disorders affect women of childbearing age, however, their intersection with pregnancy is still poorly understood, while there is still limited data in the literature. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence about eating disorders during pregnancy: their prevalence, course, the impact they have on maternal, fetal and offspring health, as well as possible intervention strategies.

Significados en torno a la experiencia de someterse a una segunda intervención quirúrgica para bajar de peso / MEANING ABOUT THE EXPERIENCE OF SUBMITTING A SECOND SURGICAL INTERVENTION TO LOSE WEIGHT

Diversos motivos inciden en que los pacientes se sometan a cirugía bariátrica para hacer frente a la obesidad. Pese a ser el procedimiento más eficaz contra el exceso de peso, existe una alta tasa de pacientes que después de la cirugía, recuperan un porcentaje importante del peso perdido. Esta re-ganancia de peso genera consecuencias médicas, físicas y psicológico-emocionales; y en muchos casos lleva a que los pacientes vuelvan a someterse a intervenciones quirúrgicas con el objetivo de reactivar la pérdida de peso. No obstante, las re-operaciones no suelen tener la misma eficacia en términos de la pérdida de peso y su mantención. Esta investigación se centra en los significados psicológicos de la experiencia de someterse a más de una intervención quirúrgica para perder peso, con el objetivo de comprender lo que implica este proceso para los pacientes, así como también las repercusiones que trae consigo someterse a más de una intervención de este tipo. La metodología que se utilizó fue cualitativa con un enfoque desde la Teoría Fundamentada y con un alcance descriptivo para comprender lo que deben vivir estos pacientes. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación, se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a cuatro mujeres y un hombre, quienes previamente se habían sometido a una intervención quirúrgica para perder peso, y luego de unos años y de haber recuperado el peso perdido se sometieron a una cirugía bariátrica. La elección de la segunda intervención se asoció a la creencia que la recuperación de peso se debió principalmente a la técnica de la primera intervención, evaluación que cambia hacia una percepción de bajo control en la alimentación, tras la re-ganancia de peso post-segunda intervención. Se observa niveles importantes de frustración tras esta segunda re-ganancia.

There are several reasons why patients choose to undergo bariatric surgery to cope with obesity. Despite being the most effective procedure against excess weight, there is a high rate of patients who, after surgery, recover a significant percentage of the weight lost. This regain of weight generates medical, physical and psychological-emotional consequences; and in many cases it leads to patients re-undergo surgery with the aim of reactivating weight loss. However, re-operations are usually not as effective in terms of weight loss and weight maintenance. This research focuses on the psychological meanings of a patient's experience of more than one surgical intervention to lose weight, with the aim of understanding what this process implies for patients, as well as the repercussions of obtaining more than one intervention of this type. The specified methodology was qualitative with an approach from the Grounded Theory and with a descriptive scope to understand what these patients must live. To carry out this research, semi-structured interviews were conducted with four women and one man, who had previously undergone surgery to lose weight, and after a few years and having recovered the lost weight, underwent surgery. bariatric The choice of the second intervention was associated with the belief that weight recovery was mainly due to the technique of the first intervention, an evaluation that changes towards a perception of low control in the diet, after the post-weight gain second intervention. Significant levels of frustration are seen after this second regain

Manejo psicológico del paciente sometido a cirugía bariátrica. Consenso Núcleo de Psicólogos de Cirugía de la Obesidad de Chile / Chilean consensus on the psychological management of patients undergoing bariatric surgery

Background Bariatric Surgery is the most effective alternative for weight reduction. However, weight regain is a serious problem. Therefore, pre and post-operative psychological management becomes relevant for these patients. Aim To unify criteria about the psychological management patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Material and Methods A questionnaire about psychological practice in bariatric surgery was sent to 50 national expert psychologists, members of the Chilean Bariatric and Metabolic Society. When no agreement among them was achieved, the Delphi methodology was applied. Scores of 86% or greater were used to reach consensus. Results The specialized clinical assessment is crucial for a good preoperative evaluation and to obtain and adequate compliance after surgery. Psychological interventions evolved towards a preparation process to achieve behavioral changes aiming to maintain good long term weight reduction results. Conclusions The indications and recommendations emanating from this consensus generated a document that establishes minimum criteria and quality care standards, which should reduce mental health risks of bariatric surgery and enhance lifestyle changes.

[Quality of life of patients subjected to gastric bypass more than one year ago: influence of socioeconomic status]. / Calidad de vida en pacientes operadas de bypass gástrico hace más de un año: Influencia del nivel socioeconómico.

BACKGROUND: The study of the effects of bariatric surgery on quality of life in patients of different socioeconomic levels (SEL) is worthwhile. AIM: To study quality of life (QoL), eating behavior, depressive symptoms and sexuality in patients subjected to a gastric bypass (GBP) more than 1 year before. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample was composed of 33 GPB patients (19 high SEL and 14 low SEL), and 27 non-operated women (18 high SEL and 9 low SEL) of similar weight and age, as controls. Assessment included medical history anthropometry radiological densitometry. Eating behavior was assessed using the three factor eating questionnaire, quality of life using SF-36 and the Bariatric Analysis of Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck scale version II and sexual behavior using the female sexual function index (FSFI). RESULTS: QoL was lower in operated patients from low SEL, especially when compared to high SEL control women. Operated patients had a predominantly restrictive pattern of eating behavior Eating behavior disorders were detected in 5 of 33 operated patients versus 4 of 27 controls (p =ns). Sexual function was absent or dysfunctional in 22 operated versus 8 controls (p =0,02). No significant differences were observed for depressive symptoms, between operated patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: In the long term, QoL of bariatric patients, especially those from low SEL, is inferior to control women and Chilean general population. Operated patients have restrictive eating patterns and lower sexual satisfaction indexes. Frequency of depressive symptoms was high both in bariatric and control women.

Calidad de vida en pacientes operadas de bypass gástrico hace más de un año: Influencia del nivel socioeconómico / Quality of life of patients subjected to gastric bypass more than one year ago: Influence of socioeconomic status

Background: The study of the effects of bariatric surgery on quality of life in patients of different socioeconomic levels (SEL) is worthwhile. Aim: To study quality of life (QoL), eating behavior, depressive symptoms and sexuality in patients subjected to a gastric bypass (GBP) more than 1 year before. Material and methods: The sample was composed of 33 GPB patients (19 high SEL and 14 low SEL), and 27 non-operated women (18 high SEL and 9 low SEL) of similar weight and age, as controls. Assessment included medical history anthropometry radiological densitometry. Eating behavior was assessed using the three factor eating questionnaire, quality of life using SF-36 and the Bariatric Analysis of Reporting Outcome System (BAROS) depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck scale version II and sexual behavior using the female sexual function index (FSFI). Results: QoL was lower in operated patients from low SEL, especially when compared to high SEL control women. Operated patients had a predominantly restrictive pattern of eating behavior. Eating behavior disorders were detected in 5 of 33 operated patients versus 4 of 27 controls (p =ns). Sexual function was absent or dysfunctional in 22 operated versus 8 controls (p =0,02). No significant differences were observed for depressive symptoms, between operated patients and controls. Conclusions: In the long term, QoL of bariatric patients, especially those from low SEL, is inferior to control women and Chilean general population. Operated patients have restrictive eating patterns and lower sexual satisfaction indexes. Frequency of depressive symptoms was high both in bariatric and control women.