Effect of bimedial recession on near-distance disparity in esotropia.

BACKGROUND: Esotropia may be associated with a difference in the deviation at near and distance fixation termed near-distance disparity (NDD). Convention suggests patients with NDD may benefit more from bilateral medial rectus recessions (BMR) as opposed to a unilateral recession/resection (RR). The aim of this study is to establish the effect of BMR for the treatment of esotropia on both the near and distance deviation and NDD. METHODS: Retrospective patient records search from 2011 to 2021. INCLUSION CRITERIA: comitant esotropia, first surgery, equal and normal vision with free alternation. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: incomitant, neurological or restrictive strabismus, previous surgery, clinically significant amblyopia. RESULTS: 49 patients met the inclusion criteria. 19 patients were female; the average age was 17 years. Following surgery, the average near deviation reduced from 39PD base out (BO) to 11PD BO. The average distance deviation reduced from 33PD to 9PD. Average preoperative NDD was 12 PD. NDD resolved in 15 out of 18 patients with NDD (83%). The average PD gain per mm of recession was 2.7 for near and 2.2 for distance. CONCLUSIONS: BMR is an effective surgical treatment for esotropia and has a greater effect on near deviation than distance. It is also an effective and simple technique for lesser degrees of NDD. BMR has several advantages over RR: no tissue loss, readily reversible, the scars are easier to hide and it avoids potential motility limitations due to leash effects following resection.

[Ocular Motor Nerve Palsies Caused by Paragliding Accidents]. / Augenmuskelparesen nach Gleitschirmunfällen.

BACKGROUND: Paragliding is a risk-taking adventure sport. It can be performed either individually or accompanied by a pilot in tandem formation. Paragliding, as well as other types of "extreme" sport, have gained popularity over the past few years. Injuries predominantly involve the lower extremities and the spinal column. Head injuries occur only rarely. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of three patients with ocular motor nerve palsies caused by paragliding accidents. Patients' characteristics with special emphasis on treatment strategies are reported. RESULTS: Two men (41 and 56 years of age) suffered from open head injuries and one 56-year-old male from a closed head injury as part of polytrauma caused by paragliding accidents. All patients complained of double vision. The first patient showed a right abducens nerve palsy and elevation deficit due to a complex orbital fracture. Patient 2 had a traumatic right six nerve palsy. The third patient had a complex motility disorder with a bilateral abducens and trochlear nerve palsy. In all three cases, eye muscle surgery improved ocular motility. Two patients regained binocular single vision. CONCLUSIONS: Characteristics of injuries caused by paragliding accidents depend on the trauma scenario. Injury pattern might differ widely. Ocular motor nerve palsies often accompany head trauma. Treatment is guided by common strategies for incomitant strabismus. These ocular motility disorders are often complex and require an individually tailored approach.

Reliability of Cyclotorsion measurements using Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscopy imaging in healthy subjects: the CySLO study.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of objective cyclotorsion measurements obtained in healthy subjects using the Heidelberg Spectralis spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) device. METHODS: In this prospective methodological study, 32 healthy subjects (14 men, 18 women; aged 21-64 years) were enrolled, 31 right eyes were examined and their foveo-papillary angles (FPAs) were measured. The retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) programme by Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to measure cyclotorsion based on the in-built algorithm for the measurement of the FPA on the scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) image. Repeated scans of the fixating and non-fixating right eye without and with eye tracker each were obtained by three different examiners. RESULTS: The mean FPA measured overall by all three examiners was 6.6°±2.8°. The inter-rater reliability of the measured FPAs using the linear mixed effects model is estimated as rhointer=0.8803. The intra-rater reliability is estimated as rhointra=0.9589. CONCLUSIONS: Repeatability of objective cyclotorsion measurements within and between observers using the Heidelberg Spectralis OCT is very high. SD-OCT/SLO imaging is a reliable imaging technique to measure and study cyclotorsion. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT02631369, Results.