[Molecular monitoring of the rotavirus (Reoviridae: Sedoreovirinae: Rotavirus: Rotavirus A) strains circulating in Nizhny Novgorod (2012-2020): detection of the strains with the new genetic features].

INTRODUCTION: The pentavalent rotavirus vaccine has been registered in Russia, however, the vaccination coverage remains low, and an annual increase in the incidence of rotavirus infection is unavoidable. In this regard, molecular monitoring of rotaviruses in order to search for new variants possessing epidemic potential is an urgent task. MATERIAL AND METHODS: PCR genotyping and VP4 and VP7 genes sequencing were used to characterize rotaviruses circulating in Nizhny Novgorod in 2012-2020. The phylogenetic analysis of the strains was carried out using the BEAST software package. RESULTS: The spectrum included 17 genotypes with predominance of G9P[8] (37,4%). Detected in this study genotypes G1P[4], G1P[9], G2P[8], G4P[4], G4P[6], G8P[8], and G9P[4] were not previously identified in Nizhny Novgorod. The circulation of DS-1-like strains possessing genotypes G1P[8], G3P[8], G8P[8], or G9P[8] and a short RNA pattern had been shown. Rotaviruses of the common genotypes were genetically heterogeneous and belonged to different phylogenetic lineages and/or sublineages (P[4]-IV-a; P[4]-IV-b; P[8]-3.1; P[8]-3.3; P[8]-3.4 and P[8]-3.6; G1-I; G1-II; G2-IVa-1; G2-IVa-3; G3-1; G3-3; G4-I-c; G9-III; G9-VI). DISCUSSION: These results extend the available data on the genotypic structure of rotavirus populations in Russia and show the genetic diversity of viral strains. G3P[8] DS-1-like viruses were representatives of the G3-1 lineage, new for the territory of Russia, and had the largest number of amino acid substitutions in the VP7 antigenic epitopes. CONCLUSION: The emergence and spread of strains with new genetic features may allow rotavirus to overcome the immunological pressure formed by natural and vaccine-induced immunity, and maintain or increase the incidence of rotavirus infection.

Insitu magnesium calcium phosphate cements formation: From one pot powders precursors synthesis to in vitro investigations.

Calcium phosphate cements are of great interest for researchers and their applications in medical practice expanded. Nevertheless, they have a number of drawbacks including the insufficient level of mechanical properties and low degradation rate. Struvite (MgNH4PO4) -based cements, which grew in popularity in recent years, despite their neutral pH and acceptable mechanical performance, release undesirable NH4 + ions during their resorption. This issue could be avoided by replacement of ammonia ions in the cement liquid with sodium, however, such cements have a pH values of 9-10, leading to cytotoxicity. Thus, the main goal of this investigation is to optimize the composition of cements to achieve the combination of desirable properties: neutral pH, sufficient mechanical properties, and the absence of cytotoxicity, applying Na2HPO4-based cement liquid. For this purpose, cement powders precursors in the CaO-MgO-P2O5 system were synthesized by one-pot process in a wide composition range, and their properties were investigated. The optimal performance was observed for the cements with (Ca + Mg)/P ratio of 1.67, which are characterized by newberyite phase formation during setting reaction, pH values close to 7, sufficient compressive strength up to 22 ± 3 MPa (for 20 mol.% of Mg), dense microstructure and adequate matrix properties of the surface. This set of features make those materials promising candidates for medical applications.

[CHANGES IN THE AREA OF THE WOUND SURFACE ON EXPOSURE LOW­DOSE VACUUM].

Results of treatment of were analysed 30 patients over a long non­healing wounds and trophic ulcers, in which as a topical treatment, the method of vacuum therapy was applied. To study the activity of reparative regeneration in the wound using a dynamic method of determining the area of wounds using lqSquare computer program and immunohistochemical method for determining the Ki 67 positive cells in tissues of near wound area. It was found that low­dose exposure to vacuum at the wound contributed to increase the proliferative activity of tissues of near wound area and reduce the area of wound defect. Assessment of changes in the area of the wound surface is an important predictor of treatment efficacy, prevention of complications.

[[Morpho-functional peculiarities of course of purulent-septic wound process while impact of a low-dosed vacuum].]

Morpho-functional peculiarities of course of the purulent-septic wound process, while vacuum-therapy method application for local treatment of the wounds, were studied. High reparative effect of vacuum-therapy, caused by activation of the wound proliferative processes, was noted, It had permitted to improve the patients treatment results for purulent surgical diseases of soft tissues, to lower the rate of complications and reoperations and to improve their quality of life.

[Influence of cultivation time and composition of growth medium on formation of capsule, quantity and immunological properties of Pasteurella multocida capsular antigen].

Results of study of capsule formation and immunologic properties of capsular antigen of attenuated strain LA-25 of Pasteurella multocida grown on liquid medium from non-food materials and Hottinger's broth depending on cultivation time are presented.

Stimulating effect of graphite admixture on hydrogen sorption-desorption properties of mechanically activated titanium powder.

The effect of graphite admixture on hydrogen sorption-desorption properties of mechanically activated electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reaction, and temperature-programmed desorption techniques. The major effect of graphite addition was found to be the formation of microporous carbon matrix particles containing randomly distributed titanium particles only several nanometers in diameter. This powder architecture enhances hydrogen transport to the titanium surface without hindrances and promotes titanium-hydrogen interaction by modifying the titanium surface and subsurface layers with interstitial carbon atoms.

[Random medical check-ups as an instrument of evaluation of the health status of children and teenagers]. / Vyborochnoe meditsinskoe obsledovanie kak instrument opredeleniia sostoianiia zdorov'ia detei i podrostkov.

Analyzed in the paper are the 20-year dynamic changes of widespread chronic diseases and morphofunctional anomalies (MPO) observed in the health condition of schoolchildren at comprehensive medical check-ups. If MPO are predominant in the morbidity structure of schoolchildren, the chronic pathology is more intensive: it aggravates reaching its uttermost point by the age of senior pupils. On the basis of the obtained data the authors formulate the necessity in elaborating a variety of organizational and therapeutic-preventive measures for the treatment, prevention and follow-up of schoolchildren with MPO and pronounced chronic pathologies. It is also suggested to revise the norms and workloads for practitioners at pediatric patient-care facilities, which, according to the authors, should be made with respect to the frequency rate and structure of a detected pathology.

[Training physicians in medical prevention specialty: problems and prospects]. / Problemy i perspektivy podgotovki vrachei po spetsial'nosti "mediko-profilakticheskoe delo".

Trained personnel makes effective activities of our country's state sanitary-and-epidemiological service and its promising development. Hygienists and epidemiologists have been trained at specialized faculties for more than 70 years. The state sanitary-and-epidemiological service has recently taken measures to preserve and train highly qualified specialists. In accordance with the continuous trade education concept, postgraduate training is an essential link in the moulding of a well-educated physician who can work under the present conditions. Analyzing how the current governmental educational standard in the medico-prevention specialty is met has revealed some substantial shortcomings and sets a task to correct it in the context of better training.

[Problems and prospects of physicians' training in "medical prophylaxis" specialty]. / Problemy i perspektivy podgotovki vrachei po spetsial'nosti "mediko-profilakticheskoe delo".

According to a Concept of continuous special education, postgraduate special training remains an essential link in creating a widely educated doctor with humanistic and natural-science ideology, high culture and knowledge of contemporary circumstances.

[Changes in various indicators of secondary hemostasis in physiological labor and cesarean section in relation to the type of general anesthesia]. / Izmeneniia nekotorykh pokazatelei vtorichnogo gemostaza pri fiziologicheskikh rodakh i kesarevom sechenii v zavisimosti ot vida obshchei anestezii.

Combined ketamine++ anesthesia and combined neuroleptic anesthesia were examined for impact in cesarean section. This revealed that the former anesthesia caused moderate hypercoagulative changes in the hemostatic system and a drastic increase in fibrinolysis at the end of the operative intervention. Early in the postoperative period, general combined neuroleptic anesthesia induced a profound hypercoagulation and inhibited fibrinolysis that preserved, which might result in thrombophilic events.

[Features of the status of the nervous system of children with different levels of biological development]. / Osobennosti sostoianiia nervnoi sistemy u detei a raznym urovnem biologicheskogo razvitiia.

The results of neurological examinations of 818 children of the late pre-school age distinguished for different levels of the biological development (determined on the basis of morphological criteria) are presented. Most children examined were healthy. A connection between the characteristics of the neuropsychic state and the level of the biological development was disclosed. These characteristics were the best in children whose biological age corresponded to the officially-registered one. A risk of certain neurological pathologies in children with different levels of the biological development was determined. All this shows that a greater attention should be paid to the protection of the nervous system in children with a delayed or an accelerated biological development.