Basic Psychological Needs Satisfaction: A Way to Enhance Resilience in Traumatic Situations.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: The impact of traumatic events on resilience and the mediating factors creates specific interest in a conflict context. This study has explored the relationship between the satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs (BPN) and resilience in adolescents exposed to different levels of adversity in Palestine. METHOD: A total of 837 eighth-, ninth- and tenth-grade students from the Gaza Strip (n = 300) and the West Bank (n = 537) completed three questionnaires to assess trauma, BPN satisfaction, and resilience. RESULTS: The results showed a significant difference between the Gaza Strip (0.61) and the West Bank (0.29) in exposure to traumatic events; in both contexts, the BPN satisfaction was associated positively with resilience; in the West Bank the BPN satisfaction mediates the negative impact of trauma on resilience, and in the Gaza Strip, with the higher level of trauma, the BPN satisfaction interacts with trauma, positively affecting resilience. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight the importance of satisfying BPN and indicates the importance of implementing intervention programs designed to satisfy BPN as a way of strengthening resilience in youth people living in traumatic situations.

Adaptation of the Teacher Efficacy Scale to Measure Effective Teachers' Educational Practices Through Students' Ratings: A Multilevel Approach.

BACKGROUND: There is an increasing evidence of the role that teachers' educational practices have for students' school achievement and their well-being. However, there is a lack of valid measures in Spanish to address effective educational practices based on students' perceptions. In response, this study aims to provide a valid, reliable scale for measuring educational practices in school settings: the Students' ratings of Teachers' Educational Practices Scale (STEPS). METHODS: We analyzed the scale's internal consistency and reliability, factor solution and invariance, and criterion validity, by using a multilevel approach in a sample of 2,242 students nested in 104 classrooms from 22 Spanish schools. RESULTS: Indicated that the scale exhibited good reliability according to the omega coefficient (within =.86 and between level =.98). The multilevel confirmatory factor analysis (MCFA) revealed a hierarchical factor solution: classroom management, instructional strategies, and students' engagement as first-order factors, and a general second-order factor labeled as effective educational practices. The scale demonstrated configural invariance by teaching level, sex, and region. Effective educational practices were associated with student self-esteem at the individual level. CONCLUSIONS: This study offers a reliable, valid instrument, STEPS, for measuring effective educational practices.

Trauma, necesidades psicológicas básicas y resiliencia: un estudio con adolescentes en Gaza / No disponible

Presentamos un estudio que explora la relación entre las experiencias traumáticas, la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) y la resiliencia realizado en Gaza. 300 adolescentes de toda la Franja participaron en el estudio complementando escalas ampliamente utilizadas para la evaluación de las tres variables. Los resultados señalan que las experiencias traumáticas se asocian negativamente con la resiliencia, especialmente en su dimensión contextual (r = -0’16), pero no se asocian con la satisfacción de las NPB. Los análisis de regresiones lineales señalan que la satisfacción de las NPB funcionan como un predictor de la resiliencia (Beta = 0'39), si bien no interfieren en el impacto negativo del trauma en la resiliencia (Beta = -0'13). Los resultados son interpretados desde la importancia de la satisfacción de la NPB como posible factor compensador del efecto negativo de la adversidad en la resiliencia

This study explores the relationship between traumatic experiences, satisfaction of basic psychological needs (BPN) and resilience in Gaza. 300 adolescents from all over the region participated in the study, complementing widely used scales for the evaluation of the three variables. The results indicate that traumatic experiences is associated with resilience, especially in its contextual dimension (r = -.16), but it is not associated with the satisfaction of BPN. On the other hand, the BPN function as a predictor of resilience (Beta = .39), although they do not interfere in the negative impact of trauma on resilience (Beta = -.13). The results are interpreted from the importance of the satisfaction of BPN as a possible compensating factor for the negative effect of adversity on resilience

Inflamación del apéndice epiploico: una entidad a tener en cuenta en el diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes con apendicitis o diverticulitis / Epiploic appendagitis: an entity to be considered in the differential diagnosis of patient with clinical suspicious of appendicitis or diverticulitis

No disponible

Time to positivity in blood cultures of adults with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia.

BACKGROUND: previous studies have established that bacterial blood concentration is related with clinical outcome. Time to positivity of blood cultures (TTP) has relationship with bacterial blood concentration and could be related with prognosis. As there is scarce information about the usefulness of TTP, we study the relationship of TTP with clinical parameters in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia. METHODS: TTP of all cases of Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, detected between January 1995 and December 2004 using the BacT/Alert automated blood culture system in a teaching community hospital was analyzed. When multiple cultures were positive only the shortest TTP was selected for the analysis. RESULTS: in the study period 105 patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia were detected. Median TTP was 14.1 hours (range 1.2 h to 127 h). Immunosuppressed patients (n = 5), patients with confusion (n = 19), severe sepsis or shock at the time of blood culture extraction (n = 12), those with a diagnosis of meningitis (n = 7) and those admitted to the ICU (n = 14) had lower TTP. Patients with TTP in the first quartile were more frequently hospitalized, admitted to the ICU, had meningitis, a non-pneumonic origin of the bacteremia, and a higher number of positive blood cultures than patients with TTP in the fourth quartile. None of the patients with TTP in the 90th decile had any of these factors associated with shorter TTP, and eight out of ten patients with TTP in the 10th decile had at least one of these factors. The number of positive blood cultures had an inverse correlation with TTP, suggesting a relationship of TTP with bacterial blood concentration. CONCLUSION: Our data support the relationship of TTP with several clinical parameters in patients with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia, and its potential usefulness as a surrogate marker of outcome.

Factores asociados a la adecuación de la utilización de vías venosas en el servicio de urgencias / Factors associated with appropiate use of venous access in the emergency setting

Objetivos: Determinar la incidencia de uso adecuado de vías venosas en el servicio de urgencias. Identificar factores asociados al mismo. Evaluar el resultado obtenido por las acciones de mejora introducidas. Material y método: Estudio descriptivo sobre pacientes atendidos en urgencias durante mayo de 2001 y mayo de 2002. Muestreo aleatorio. Variable dependiente: adecuación de vía. Variables independientes: características sociodemográficas y asistenciales. Comparación de proporciones (2). Cuantificación de asociación entre adecuación y potenciales factores de riesgo: riesgo relativo (RR) e intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 por ciento. Resultados: Se ha seguido a 226 pacientes portadores de vía venosa. La incidencia de adecuación de utilización de vía venosa fue del 79,2 por ciento (85,25 por ciento en 2002 y 72,12 por ciento en 2001, p = 0,015). Cuarenta y siete casos fueron portadores de vía venosa cuando no era adecuado. La asistencia durante el turno de noche supuso un 21 por ciento más de adecuación que durante la tarde (RR = 1,21; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,03-1,43), y durante el fin de semana un 15 por ciento más que durante el resto de la semana (RR = 1,15; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,00-1,31). Los pacientes de riesgo grave presentaron una adecuación un 21 por ciento superior a los leves-moderados (RR = 1,21; IC del 95 por ciento, 1,07-1,37).Conclusiones: La adecuación global del uso de vías venosas fue del 79,2 por ciento. Tras la difusión de los resultados al servicio implicado y la reevaluación se obtuvo un aumento significativo de adecuación superior al 10 por ciento. Los factores de riesgo más fuertemente asociados a la adecuación fueron la gravedad del paciente, la atención realizada durante el turno de noche y preferentemente durante el fin de semana (AU)