A Comparison of Haitian and American Bachelor of Science in Nursing Students' Perceptions of Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Use.

ABSTRACT: Cigarette smoking is a global health epidemic, and smoking along with electronic nicotine delivery systems use or vaping are on the rise. Despite the effectiveness of smoking cessation strategies, healthcare providers and nursing students do not routinely recommend these strategies for patients who are smokers. This study compares the perceptions of smoking and vaping between two groups of baccalaureate degree nursing students from Haiti and the United States. The study was influenced by contemporary and past studies showing that more young people are drawn into smoking and vaping despite the prevalence of antismoking policies and awareness campaigns. In this descriptive study, surveys were used to collect data to determine the differences between the two country's nursing students on their perception of smoking and vaping. The findings indicated that, despite greater usage, the students from the United States had a higher perception of the health implications of cigarette smoking and vaping compared with those from Haiti. On the basis of the findings of this study, collaborative pedagogical research opportunities among international nursing education programs can further curriculum development to foster growth and development of future global health practitioners.

Are there differences between women with urge predominant and stress predominant mixed urinary incontinence?

OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if there are differences in clinical and urodynamic parameters between women with urge predominant and those with stress predominant mixed urinary incontinence (MUI). METHODS: Charts of 99 female patients with complaints of MUI were reviewed. Patients were divided into two groups based on the subjective predominance of either stress incontinence (MSUI) or urge incontinence (MUUI). All patients completed a subjective evaluation including an AUA Symptom Index, Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6), and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Objective non-invasive measures included physical exam, 48-hr voiding diary, and a 24-hr pad test. Videourodynamics studies (VUDS), performed in all patients, were reviewed and the presence and characteristics of detrusor overactivity (DO) and stress incontinence were noted. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups with respect to symptom scores. MUUI patients had significantly higher pad usage, and lower maximum and average voided volumes than MSUI patients. They were also more likely to have lower urodynamic bladder capacities and demonstrable DO (70% vs. 26%) on VUDS with contractions occurring at lower bladder volumes and with higher amplitude. MSUI patients were more likely to have demonstrable SUI on physical examination (63% vs. 16%) and on VUDS (100% vs. 61%). CONCLUSIONS: There do appear to be differences in clinical and urodynamic parameters between patients with stress predominant and urge predominant MUI. These may help to determine which component of the mixed incontinence is more problematic.

Outpatient anterior urethroplasty: outcome analysis and patient selection criteria.

PURPOSE: We compared the outcomes of anterior urethroplasty for stricture disease performed on an outpatient and an inpatient basis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 78, 1-stage anterior urethroplasties performed via excision with primary anastomosis, buccal mucosal graft or penile fasciocutaneous skin flap techniques from September 1997 to December 2000 by a single surgeon (A. F. M.). All patients had more than 1 year of followup (range 1 to 4.5). Of the graft procedures only those in the bulbar urethra were included in analysis. Outpatient procedures were defined as those in which the patient was discharged home within 24 hours. Clinical outcome was considered a failure when instrumentation was required postoperatively. RESULTS: Of the 78 anterior urethral repairs 54 (69%) were performed on an outpatient basis, including 50 (93%) in which the outcome was successful compared with 88% (21) of the 24 inpatient procedures. Excision with primary anastomosis had the highest outpatient rate (28 of 31 patients or 90%), followed by penile skin flaps (16 of 25 or 64%) and buccal mucosal grafts (10 of 22 or 45%). Patient characteristics were significantly associated with outpatient procedures, including younger mean age (36 versus 46 years), shorter mean stricture length (3.1 versus 6.6 cm.) and shorter mean operative time (3.2 versus 4.66 hours) (p <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Anterior urethral reconstruction can often be completed safely and effectively on an outpatient basis.