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1.
Genet Mol Res ; 16(1)2017 Jan 23.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28128409

ABSTRACT

The giant panda, Ailuropoda melanoleuca (Ursidae), has a unique bamboo-based diet; however, this low-energy intake has been sufficient to maintain the metabolic processes of this species since the fourth ice age. As mitochondria are the main sites for energy metabolism in animals, the protein-coding genes involved in mitochondrial respiratory chains, particularly cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COX2), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in electron transfer, could play an important role in giant panda metabolism. Therefore, the present study aimed to isolate, sequence, and analyze the COX2 DNA from individuals kept at the Giant Panda Protection and Research Center, China, and compare these sequences with those of the other Ursidae family members. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the COX2 gene had three point mutations that defined three haplotypes, with 60% of the sequences corresponding to haplotype I. The neutrality tests revealed that the COX2 gene was conserved throughout evolution, and the maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis, using homologous sequences from other Ursidae species, showed clustering of the COX2 sequences of giant pandas, suggesting that this gene evolved differently in them.


Subject(s)
Electron Transport Complex IV/genetics , Ursidae/genetics , Animals , Energy Metabolism/genetics , Mitochondria/genetics , Mitochondria/metabolism , Ursidae/metabolism
2.
Genet Mol Res ; 15(3)2016 Aug 05.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27525923

ABSTRACT

Eruca vesicaria subsp sativa is one of the most tolerant Cruciferae species to drought, and dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A (DREB2A) is involved in responses to salinity, heat, and particularly drought. In this study, a gene encoding EvDREB2A was cloned and characterized in E. vesicaria subsp sativa. The full-length EvDREB2A cDNA sequence contained a 388-bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 348-bp 3'-UTR, and a 1002-bp open reading frame that encoded 334 amino acid residues. The theoretical isoelectric point of the EvDREB2A protein was 4.80 and the molecular weight was 37.64 kDa. The genomic sequence of EvDREB2A contained no introns. Analysis using SMART indicated that EvDREB2A contains a conserved AP2 domain, similar to other plant DREBs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that EvDREB2A and DREB2As from Brassica rapa, Eutrema salsugineum, Arabidopsis thaliana, Arabidopsis lyrata, and Arachis hypogaea formed a small subgroup, which clustered with DREB2Bs from A. lyrata, A. thaliana, Camelina sativa, and B. rapa to form a larger subgroup. EvDREB2A is most closely related to B. rapa DREB2A, followed by DREB2As from E. salsugineum, A. thaliana, A. hypogaea, and A. lyrata. A quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction indicated that EvDREB2A expression was highest in the leaves, followed by the roots and hypocotyls, and was lowest in the flower buds. EvDREB2A could be used to improve drought tolerance in crops.


Subject(s)
Brassicaceae/genetics , Plant Proteins/genetics , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary/chemistry , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , Plant Leaves/genetics , Plant Proteins/chemistry , Plant Roots/genetics , Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs , Sequence Analysis, DNA
3.
Braz J Med Biol Res ; 49(6): e5208, 2016.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27191607

ABSTRACT

Cardioplegic reperfusion during a long term ischemic period interrupts cardiac surgery and also increases cellular edema due to repeated solution administration. We reviewed the clinical experiences on myocardial protection of a single perfusion with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) for high-risk patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with complex congenital heart disease. This retrospective study included 101 high-risk patients undergoing arterial switch operation between March 2001 and July 2012. We divided the cohort into two groups: HTK group, myocardial protection was carried out with one single perfusion with HTK solution; and St group, myocardial protection with conventional St. Thomas' crystalloid cardioplegic solution. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass did not differ between the two groups. The mortality, morbidity, ICU stay, post-operative hospitalization time, and number of transfusions in HTK group were lower than those in St group (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that HTK is a statistically significant independent predictor of decreased early mortality and morbidity (P<0.05). In conclusion, HTK solution seems to be an effective and safe alternative to St. Thomas' solution for cardioplegic reperfusion in high-risk patients with complex congenital heart disease.


Subject(s)
Cardioplegic Solutions/therapeutic use , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods , Heart Arrest, Induced/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Hypertension, Pulmonary/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Child, Preschool , Female , Glucose/therapeutic use , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Humans , Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality , Infant , Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Male , Mannitol/therapeutic use , Perfusion/methods , Potassium Chloride/therapeutic use , Procaine/therapeutic use , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
4.
Rev. bras. pesqui. méd. biol ; Braz. j. med. biol. res;49(6): e5208, 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-781416

ABSTRACT

Cardioplegic reperfusion during a long term ischemic period interrupts cardiac surgery and also increases cellular edema due to repeated solution administration. We reviewed the clinical experiences on myocardial protection of a single perfusion with histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) for high-risk patients with severe pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with complex congenital heart disease. This retrospective study included 101 high-risk patients undergoing arterial switch operation between March 2001 and July 2012. We divided the cohort into two groups: HTK group, myocardial protection was carried out with one single perfusion with HTK solution; and St group, myocardial protection with conventional St. Thomas' crystalloid cardioplegic solution. The duration of cardiopulmonary bypass did not differ between the two groups. The mortality, morbidity, ICU stay, post-operative hospitalization time, and number of transfusions in HTK group were lower than those in St group (P<0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that HTK is a statistically significant independent predictor of decreased early mortality and morbidity (P<0.05). In conclusion, HTK solution seems to be an effective and safe alternative to St. Thomas' solution for cardioplegic reperfusion in high-risk patients with complex congenital heart disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Cardioplegic Solutions/therapeutic use , Cardiopulmonary Bypass/methods , Heart Arrest, Induced/methods , Heart Defects, Congenital/surgery , Hypertension, Pulmonary/surgery , Analysis of Variance , Glucose/therapeutic use , Heart Defects, Congenital/mortality , Hypertension, Pulmonary/mortality , Isotonic Solutions/therapeutic use , Kaplan-Meier Estimate , Mannitol/therapeutic use , Perfusion/methods , Potassium Chloride/therapeutic use , Procaine/therapeutic use , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Treatment Outcome
5.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(4): 16185-95, 2015 Dec 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26662411

ABSTRACT

Sensing bitter tastes is crucial for most animals because it can prevent them from ingesting harmful food. This process is mainly mediated by the bitter taste receptors (T2R) that are largely expressed in the taste buds. Previous studies have identified some T2R gene repertoires. Marked variation in repertoire size has been noted among species. However, research on T2Rs is still limited and the mechanisms underlying the evolution of vertebrate T2Rs remain poorly understood. In the present study, we analyzed the structure and features of the protein encoded by the forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii) T2R16 and submitted the gene sequence to NCBI GenBank. The results showed that the full coding DNA sequence (CDS) of musk deer T2R16 (GenBank accession No. KP677279) was 906 bp, encoding 301 amino acids, which contained ATG start codon and TGA stop codon, with a calculated molecular weight of 35.03 kDa and an isoelectric point of 9.56. The T2R16 protein receptor had seven conserved transmembrane regions. Hydrophobicity analysis showed that most amino acid residues in T2R16 protein were hydrophobic, and the grand average of hydrophobicity (GRAVY) was 0.657. Phylogenetic analysis based on this gene revealed that forest musk deer had the closest association with sheep (Ovis aries), as compared to cow (Bos taurus), Tursiops truncatus, and other species, whereas it was genetically farthest from humans (Homo sapiens). We hope these results would complement the existing data on T2R16 and encourage further research in this respect.


Subject(s)
Cloning, Molecular , Deer/genetics , Evolution, Molecular , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics , Animals , Deer/classification , Deer/metabolism , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Phosphorylation , Phylogeny , Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/chemistry , Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism , Sequence Analysis, DNA
6.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(3): 8388-96, 2015 Jul 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26345765

ABSTRACT

The direction of production for indigenous chicken breeds is currently unknown and this knowledge, combined with the development of chicken genome-wide association studies, led us to investigate differences in specific loci between broiler and layer chicken using bioinformatic methods. In addition, we analyzed the distribution of these seven identified loci in four Chinese indigenous chicken breeds, Caoke chicken, Jiuyuan chicken, Sichuan mountain chicken, and Tibetan chicken, using DNA direct sequencing methods, and analyzed the data using bioinformatic methods. Based on the results, we suggest that Caoke chicken could be developed for meat production, while Jiuyuan chicken could be developed for egg production. As Sichuan mountain chicken and Tibetan chicken exhibited large polymorphisms, these breeds could be improved by changing their living environment.


Subject(s)
Breeding , Chickens/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics , Selection, Genetic , Animals , Chickens/physiology , Eggs , Meat Products
7.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(3): 10072-80, 2015 Aug 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26345944

ABSTRACT

Artificial illumination is an important exogenous factor in the control of many physiological and behavioral processes as well as an important environmental factor in the management of laying hens. Melatonin receptors are members of the G protein-coupled receptor family. The hormone melatonin is secreted primarily by the pineal gland, with highest levels occurring during the dark period of a circadian cycle. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of monochromatic light on chicken egg reproduction and expression of melatonin receptors in chicken ovarian follicles. A total of 552 19-week-old hens were randomly divided into 4 groups with 138 birds in each group. Each group was randomly divided into 3 replicates with 46 birds in each replicate. Feed and water were provided for ad libitum. Light treatments were: control cool white (400-760 nm), blue (480 nm), green (560 nm), and red (660 nm). The short wavelength (blue light) group produced a greater total number of eggs at 300 days of age than did the long wavelength (red light) group, and the red light group showed higher melatonin receptor type 1A and melatonin receptor type 1C mRNA and protein expression. These results suggest that the wavelength of light is closely related to chicken egg number at 300 days of age; there is no effect of monochromatic light on melatonin receptor type 1B.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression Regulation/radiation effects , Light , Ovarian Follicle/metabolism , Receptors, Melatonin/genetics , Animals , Chickens , Female , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Receptors, Melatonin/metabolism , Reproduction/genetics , Reproduction/radiation effects
8.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(2): 3330-7, 2015 Apr 13.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25966099

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin D3 (VD3) on the regulation of chicken intestinal ß-defensin genes under normal and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) conditions. Four treatment groups were used, including a negative control group, VD3-injection group, LPS-injection group, and both VD3-injection and LPS-injection group. At 4, 24, and 48 h post-injection, intestines were collected and RNA was isolated to measure the chicken ß-defensin genes with putative vitamin D responsive elements using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Expressions of all 7 chicken ß-defensin genes was detectable in the intestines. Significant increases in GAL-6, -7 and -9 were found following LPS injection treatment at 4, 24, and 48 h post-injection, respectively, whereas VD3 injection did not affect the expression of any investigated genes under normal conditions. However, the expression of GAL-4, -5, -6, and -10 were synergistically upregulated by VD3 in combination with LPS. These results suggest that VD3 enhances the immune immunity during LPS challenge by inducing the expression of chicken ß-defensin genes when birds are exposed to immune stressors.


Subject(s)
Avian Proteins/metabolism , Cholecalciferol/pharmacology , Gene Expression/drug effects , Intestinal Mucosa/metabolism , Lipopolysaccharides/pharmacology , beta-Defensins/metabolism , Animals , Avian Proteins/genetics , Chickens , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Intestines/immunology , Male , Up-Regulation , Vitamin D Response Element/physiology , beta-Defensins/genetics
9.
Genet Mol Res ; 11(4): 4307-15, 2012 Dec 17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23079997

ABSTRACT

The identification and utilization of potential candidate genes with significant effects on economically important traits have become increasingly important in poultry breeding programs. The prolactin (PRLR) receptor is a specific receptor for prolactin, which is an anterior pituitary peptide hormone involved in various physiological activities and is essential for reproductive success. In chickens, the PRLR gene resides on the Z chromosome. We used a pooled DNA sequencing approach for identifying SNPs of the PRLR gene. Three hundred and nine-six Erlang Mountainous chicken hens were genotyped for six SNPs using PCR-SSCP and PCR-sequencing methods; the association with chicken egg production traits was studied using general linear model procedures. Three linked SNPs (G14952A, A14969C and G14984A) at the P1 locus, two linked SNPs (G17560A and T17626A) at the P2 locus, and one SNP (T20868C) at the P3 locus were identified. Eight haplotypes were reconstructed on the basis of the six SNPs. The general linear model analysis indicated that there were significant associations of certain genotypes and haplotypes with some egg production traits. We conclude that chicken PRLR gene polymorphisms are associated with egg production traits and have potential as molecular markers for chicken breeding.


Subject(s)
Avian Proteins/genetics , Chickens/genetics , Eggs , Receptors, Prolactin/genetics , Animals , Base Sequence , Chickens/physiology , Female , Gene Frequency , Genetic Association Studies/veterinary , Genotype , Haplotypes , Ovulation/genetics , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational , Quantitative Trait, Heritable , Sequence Analysis, DNA/veterinary
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