GLIM-defined malnutrition in patients with acute abdomen associated with poor prognosis and increased economic burden: A cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria have rapidly developed into a principal methodological framework for nutrition diagnosis. However, the applicability of the GLIM criteria in patients with acute abdomen has not been validated. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted on patients diagnosed with acute abdomen and admitted to a tertiary hospital in southwest China. Nutrition risk screening was conducted using the Nutrition Risk Screening 2002, and patients identified with nutrition risk were assessed for malnutrition based on the GLIM criteria. RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 440 patients with acute abdomen. The top three diagnoses of acute abdomen were intestinal obstruction (47.2%), acute appendicitis (23.1%), and digestive system perforation (8.8%). The prevalence of nutrition risk was 46.5%, with a malnutrition rate of 32.5% based on the GLIM. Patients with malnutrition according to the GLIM showed significantly higher rates of intensive care unit (ICU) admission (13.28% vs 7.07%; P = 0.003), increased hospitalization costs (median: 3315USD [interquartile range (IQR): 978-7852] vs 1641 [IQR: 816-3523] USD; P < 0.001), and longer length of hospital stay (LOS) (median: 8 [IQR: 5-13] vs 6 [IQR: 4-8] days; P < 0.001) compared with patients without malnutrition. Multivariate analysis indicated that GLIM-defined malnutrition was an independent predictor of hospitalization costs, and severe malnutrition was an independent predictor of ICU admission. CONCLUSION: GLIM criteria are applicable for diagnosing malnutrition in patients with acute abdomen. The prevalence of malnutrition was high in patients with acute abdomen. Malnutrition was associated with increased ICU admission and LOS, along with higher economic burden.

Geniposide alleviates heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in mice by regulating cardiac oxidative stress via MMP2/SIRT1/GSK3ß pathway.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex clinical syndrome with cardiac dysfunction, fluid retention and reduced exercise tolerance as the main manifestations. Current treatment of HFpEF is using combined medications of related comorbidities, there is an urgent need for a modest drug to treat HFpEF. Geniposide (GE), an iridoid glycoside extracted from Gardenia Jasminoides, has shown significant efficacy in the treatment of cardiovascular, digestive and central nervous system disorders. In this study we investigated the therapeutic effects of GE on HFpEF experimental models in vivo and in vitro. HFpEF was induced in mice by feeding with HFD and L-NAME (0.5 g/L) in drinking water for 8 weeks, meanwhile the mice were treated with GE (25, 50 mg/kg) every other day. Cardiac echocardiography and exhaustive exercise were performed, blood pressure was measured at the end of treatment, and heart tissue specimens were collected after the mice were euthanized. We showed that GE administration significantly ameliorated cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and metabolic disturbances in the hearts of HFpEF mice. We demonstrated that GE promoted the transcriptional activation of Nrf2 by targeting MMP2 to affect upstream SIRT1 and downstream GSK3ß, which in turn alleviated the oxidative stress in the hearts of HFpEF mice. In H9c2 cells and HL-1 cells, we showed that treatment with GE (1 µM) significantly alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress through the MMP2/SIRT1/GSK3ß pathway. In summary, GE regulates cardiac oxidative stress via MMP2/SIRT1/GSK3ß pathway and reduces cardiac inflammation, apoptosis, fibrosis and metabolic disorders as well as cardiac dysfunction in HFpEF. GE exerts anti-oxidative stress properties by binding to MMP2, inhibiting ROS generation in HFpEF through the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway. In addition, GE can also affect the inhibition of the downstream MMP2 target GSK3ß, thereby suppressing the inflammatory and apoptotic responses in HFpEF. Taken together, GE alleviates oxidative stress/apoptosis/fibrosis and metabolic disorders as well as HFpEF through the MMP2/SIRT1/GSK3ß signaling pathway.

Ni Single-Atoms Based Memristors with Ultrafast Speed and Ultralong Data Retention.

Memristor with low-power, high density, and scalability fulfills the requirements of the applications of the new computing system beyond Moore's law. However, there are still nonideal device characteristics observed in the memristor to be solved. The important observation is that retention and speed are correlated parameters of memristor with trade off against each other. The delicately modulating distribution and trapping level of defects in electron migration-based memristor is expected to provide a compromise method to address the contradictory issue of improving both switching speed and retention capability. Here, high-performance memristor based on the structure of ITO/Ni single-atoms (NiSAs/N-C)/Polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/Au is reported. By utilizing well-distributed trapping sites , small tunneling barriers/distance and high charging energy, the memristor with an ultrafast switching speed of 100 ns, ultralong retention capability of 106  s, a low set voltage (Vset ) of ≈0.7 V, a substantial ON/OFF ration of 103 , and low spatial variation in cycle-to-cycle (500 cycles) and device-to-device characteristics (128 devices) is demonstrated. On the premise of preserving the strengths of a fast switching speed, this memristor exhibits ultralong retention capability comparable to the commercialized flash memory. Finally, a memristor ratioed logic-based combinational memristor array to realize the one-bit full adder is further implemented.

Optimizing enteral nutrition delivery by implementing volume-based feeding protocol for critically ill patients: an updated meta-analysis and systematic review.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to provide an updated assessment of the efficacy of optimized enteral nutrition (EN) delivery by implementing the volume-based feeding (VBF) protocol in critically ill patients. METHODS: We updated our previous literature retrieval with no language restrictions. The inclusion criteria were:1) Participants: Critically ill patients (Patients who was admitted in ICU; 2) Intervention: The VBF protocol was adopted for EN administration; 3) Comparison: The rate-based feeding (RBF) protocol was adopted for EN administration; 4) Major outcomes: EN nutrition delivery. The exclusion criteria included participants aged < 18 years, duplicated literature, animal and cellular experiments, and studies lacking any of the outcomes mentioned in the inclusion criteria. The databases included MEDLINE (through PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Literature Service System (SinoMed), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. RESULT: Sixteen studies involving a total of 2896 critically ill patients are included in the updated meta-analysis. Compared with the previous meta-analysis, nine new studies were added that included 2205 more patients. The VBF protocol significantly improved energy (MD = 15.41%, 95% CI: [10.68, 20.14], p < 0.00001) and protein (MD = 22.05%, 95% CI: [10.89, 33.22], p = 0.0001) delivery. The patients in the VBF group stayed in the ICU for a shorter time (MD = 0.78, 95% CI: [0.01, 1.56], p = 0.05). The VBF protocol did not increase the risk of death (RR = 1.03, 95% CI: [0.85, 1.24], p = 0.76) or prolong the mechanical ventilation duration (MD = 0.81, 95% CI: [-0.30,1.92], p = 0.15). In addition, the VBF protocol did not affect EN complications, such as diarrhea (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: [0.73, 1.15], p = 0.43), emesis (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: [0.76, 1.99], p = 0.41), feeding intolerance (RR = 1.14, 95% CI: [0.63, 2.09], p = 0.66), and gastric retention (RR = 0.45, 95% CI: [0.16, 1.30], p = 0.14). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed that the VBF protocol significantly improved calorie and protein delivery in critically ill patients with no additional risk.

Antibiotic Resistance Analysis of Haemophilus Influenzae and Moraxella Catarrhalis Strains Isolated from Children in Sichuan Province from 2013 To 2016 / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the changing antibiotic resistance profile of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis strains collected from children in Sichuan province from 2013 to 2016,provide some reference for rational utilization of clinical antimicrobial agents.Methods Collected the infection data of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated from children which reported in Sichuan Province Drug Resistance Monitoring Report from 2013 to 2016.The experimental results were analyzed by WHONET5.6 software.Results The prevalence of H.influenzae increased with time from 8.95％ in 2013 to 16.6％ in 2016.The prevalence of M.catarrrhalis increased with time from 4.16％ in 2013 to 6.34％ in 2016.Among the 15 896 clinical strains of H.influenzae,the highest resistance rate was to ampicillin,which was 71.6％ in 2016.The resistance rate to cefaclor also increased from 26.1％ in 2013 to 59.5％ in 2016 for increase of 33.4％.The insensitivity rate to azithromycin increased from 8.3％ in 2013 to 25％ in 2016.However,the insensitivity rate to ceftriaxone and moxifloxacin decreased in recent years and the susceptibility rate to ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,levofloxacin and moxifloxacin were higher than 90％ in each year.The resistance rate of H.influenzae strains from children were higher than the stains from all patients.The insensitivity rate to azithromycin in strains from children and all patients increased from 8.3％,10.2％ in 2013 to 25％,22.1 ％ in 2016,respectively.The 5 625 clinical strains of M.catarrrhalis re mained highly susceptible to the amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ceftriaxone,cefotaxime,levofloxacin,ciprofloxacin (greater than 90％).The resistance rate to cotrimoxazole increased from 15.1 ％ in 2013 to 59.1 ％ in 2016.Conclusion H.influenzae are still susceptible to the third generation cephalosporins (greater than 90 ％),which can be used as the first choice in clinical practice.Nearly 70 ％ of these strains were resistant to ampicillin and cotrimoxazole,which is inappropriate for clinical therapy.The resistance rate to cotrimoxazole in the M.catarrrhalis strains from children increased from 15.1％ in 2013 to 59.1 ％ in 2016,and the resistance rate to the other test drug in M.catarrrhalis did not change much in the-year period.

Prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus among women from Henan, China.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has been implicated as a causative of cervical cancer. In the present study, a total of 578 samples from females attending the gynecological outpatient clinic in Henan province, China, were collected and the HPV genotypes were detected by gene chip and flow-through hybridization. Overall, 44.5% (257/578) females were found to be HPV DNA positive, and the high risk HPV (HR-HPV) rate was 35.1% (203/578). The first peak of HR-HPV infection appeared in the >60 year-old group (55.0%), and the second was within the 51-55 year-old group (50.0%) (χ2=19.497, p<0.05). HPV 16 was the most prevalent genotype (9.2%), followed by HPV 52 (7.8%), HPV 6 (6.9%), HPV 11 (5.9%) and HPV 42 (5.0%). The single type HPV infection was 30.4%, with the five majority prevalent genotype HPV 16 (16.5%), HPV 52 (14.3%), HPV 6 (12.6%), HPV 42 (8.6%), HPV 31 (5.1%). The multiple-type HPV infections were 14.0%, and HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (29.6%), followed by HPV 52 (24.7%), HPV 6 (22.2%), HPV 11 (22.2%), HPV 42 (17.3%) and HPV 39 (17.3%).