Reversal Effect of Phosphorus on Catalytic Performances of Supported Nickel Catalysts in Reductive Amination of 1,6-Hexanediol.

The reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol with ammonia is one of the most promising green routes for synthesis of 1,6-hexanediamine. Herein, we developed a phosphorous modified Ni catalyst of Ni-P/Al2O3. It presented satisfactory improved selectivity to 1,6-hexanediamine in the reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol compared to the Ni/Al2O3 catalyst. The phosphorous tended to interact with Al2O3 to form AlPOx species, induced Ni nanoparticle to be flatter, and the decrease of strong acid sites, the new-formed Ni-AlPOx-Al2O3 interface and the flatter Ni nanoparticle were the key to switch the dominating product from hexamethyleneimine to 1,6-hexanediamine. This work develops an efficient catalyst for production of 1,6-hexanediamine from the reductive amination of 1,6-hexanediol, and provides a point of view about designing selective non-noble metal catalysts for producing primary diamines via reductive amination of diols.

A Mendelian randomization study on the causal relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, and the development of myopia and astigmatism.

The influence of environmental factors like smoking and alcohol on myopia and astigmatism is controversial. However, due to ethical concerns, alternative study designs are urgently needed to assess causal inference, as mandatory exposure to cigarettes and alcohol is unethical. Following comprehensive screenings, 326 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to myopia and astigmatism were included in the dataset. To validate the causal association between exposures such as cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and coffee intake, and outcomes namely astigmatism and myopia, five regression models were employed. These models encompassed MR-Egger regression, random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median estimator (WME), weighted model, and simple model. The instrumental variables utilized in these analyses were the aforementioned SNPs. Apply Cochran's Q test to determine heterogeneity of SNPs; if heterogeneity exists, focus on IVW model results. The IVW model showed a 1.379-fold increase in the risk of astigmatism (OR = 1.379, 95%CI 0.822~2.313, P = 0.224) and a 0.963-fold increase in the risk of myopia (OR = 0.963, 95%CI 0.666~1.393, P = 0.841) for each unit increase in smoking. For each unit increase in coffee intake, the risk of astigmatism increased 1.610-fold (OR = 1.610, 95%CI 0.444~5.835, P = 0.469) and the risk of myopia increased 0.788-fold (OR = 0.788, 95%CI 0.340~1.824, P = 0.578). For each additional unit of alcohol consumption, the risk of astigmatism increased by 0.763-fold (OR = 0.763, 95%CI 0.380~1.530, P = 0.446), and none of the differences were statistically significant. However, for each unit of alcohol consumption, the risk of myopia increased by 1.597 times, and the difference was statistically significant (OR = 1.597, 95%CI 1.023~2.493, P = 0.039). The findings indicate that alcohol consumption is a risk factor for myopia but smoking and coffee intake do not affect its development. Additionally, there is no association between smoking, alcohol consumption, coffee intake, and the risk of astigmatism.

Research on the effect of environmental regulation to the green water resource efficiency in China-based on the perspectives of high pressure and low suction.

Environmental regulation with spatial spillover effect is an important way to accelerate the transformation and upgrading of modern water resources structure, and then achieve sustainable development of China's water resources. How does environmental regulation affect the GWRE to alleviate or solve China's water shortage? In this paper, the GWRE is measured based on panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2000-2020, and the impact of high pressure (low suction) and heterogeneity on GWRE by environmental regulations is explored. The results revealed that the high pressure of environmental regulation significantly promoted the improvement of GWRE, but the improvement effect of low suction power was not significant. Similar conclusions are drawn under the tests of population size-economic distance and population size-technology distance. The high pressure of market-type and autonomous-type environmental regulation has a significant effect on GWRE, while the improvement effect of command-type environmental regulation is weak. The high pressure of environmental regulation in the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions has a decreasing effect on GWRE. It is recommended to break the principle of GDP performance appraisal, establish and improve the "green performance" evaluation system, adopt regional differentiated environmental regulation policies, and establish a modern green water resources industrial structure system.

B-Type Fumonisins in Post-Fermented Tea: Occurrence and Consumer Dietary Exposure in Guangxi, China.

Post-fermented tea (PFT), a commonly consumed beverage worldwide, is characterized by the rapid growth of its microbial groups and the substantial changes they undergo. Consequently, PFT may contain mycotoxins such as B-type fumonisins (FBs). This study aimed to assess the intake of FBs through the consumption of PFT among consumers in Guangxi, China. A novel quantitative method using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the FB concentration in PFT products. Additionally, a PFT consumption survey was conducted using a face-to-face questionnaire, recording their body weight and PFT consumption patterns based on a three-day dietary recall method. Finally, hazard index was calculated to estimate the health risk of FBs from the consumption of PFT products in Guangxi. The results revealed that the occurrence of FBs in PFT was 20% (24/120), with a concentration ranging from 2.14 to 18.28 µg/kg. The results of the survey showed that the average daily consumption of PFT by consumers was 9.19 ± 11.14 g. The deterministic risk assessment revealed that only 0.026% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of FBs was consumed through PFT, indicating that FB contamination in PFT is not a public health risk.

Rational design of a ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor for patulin in traditional Chinese medicine through the studies of the interaction mechanism between its DNA aptamer and the target molecule.

Patulin (PAT) is a kind of mycotoxin which must be monitored for the sake of quality and safety in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) owing to its harm to human health. On this account, a rationally designed ratiometric fluorescent aptasensor was developed based on the studies of the interaction mechanism between PAT and its aptamer (PAT-APT). First, CD spectroscopy, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation were applied to investigate the details on how PAT-APT binds with its target molecule. The results indicated that the structure of PAT-APT changed to a certain extent and was stabilized after binding with PAT. C-11, C-37 and C-38 were the key sites for the recognition and interaction between PAT-APT and its target. Second, based on these results, a ratiometric aptasensor was designed using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy. A complementary sequence (cDNA) to the aptamer with an appropriate length and hybridization position was obtained through rational design and optimization. Both PAT-APT and cDNA were labeled using a pair of fluorophores, which could generate FRET when the two single-stranded oligonucleotides hybridized. The accurate detection of PAT could be realized according to the change ratio of the fluorescence intensity at the corresponding wavelengths of the two fluorophores before and after the assay. The aptasensor achieved an ultralow limit of detection of 0.16 nM, perfect selectivity, and satisfactory practicability in complex TCM samples. To our knowledge, this is the first aptasensor for PAT designed through the interaction mechanism between its aptamer and the target molecule. Moreover, the assay for PAT is cost-effective, does not need complicated pretreatment and only takes less than an hour. In summary, this study makes a contribution to the safety control of TCM and provides a thinking mode from mechanism to rational design to conquer the problem of sensitive aptasensing of one component in a complex system.

Debonding growth evaluation in CFRP-reinforced steel structures based on correlation analysis using guided waves.

Externally bonded carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) reinforcement is becoming increasingly popular in the field of structural retrofitting due to its considerable efficiency. However, debonding failure occurs sometimes at the interface between CFRP and steel substrate, which is found to be fatal for the CFRP-reinforced structures. Thus, the bonding condition between two materials should be closely monitored to ensure structural serviceability. A linear guided wave based method employing the correlation analysis is adopted in this paper to monitor the growth of debonding failure generated by fatigue in a CFRP-strengthened steel structure from a relatively small scale (smaller than 20 mm in diameter). The correlation coefficients (CC) between the benchmark signals and the signals after certain cycles of loading are calculated individually. Subsequently, the damage index (DI) is extracted on the basis of CC to illustrate the extent of debonding. Finally, the possible debonding position in the structure is predicted by a probability based imaging method.

Surgical Interventions for Congenital Ptosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 14 Randomized Controlled Trials.

BACKGROUND: Several types of surgeries have been used in the treatment of congenital ptosis, but the optimal methods and materials for this treatment are unknown. PURPOSE: The study aims to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and safety of various surgical methods and materials for treatment of congenital ptosis. METHODS: We performed comprehensive searches of five databases, two clinical trial registries and one gray literature database from inception to January 2022 for related trials to include in this study. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of surgical methods and materials on the primary outcomes: margin reflex distance 1 (MRD1), palpebral fissure height (PFH), and degree of lagophthalmos; and secondary outcomes: undercorrection, entropion, corneal epithelial defects, wound dehiscence, recurrence, infection, and cosmetic outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 14 trials evaluating 909 eyes of 657 patients were included in our study. Compared with the levator plication, the frontalis sling significantly increased the MRD1 (MD = - 1.21; 95% CI [- 1.69, - 0.73]), and the levator resection significantly increased the PFH (MD = 1.30; 95% CI [0.27, 2.33]). For the frontalis sling surgical patterns, the fox pentagon was significantly better than the double triangle at improving the degree of lagophthalmos (MD = 0.70; 95% CI [0.32, 1.08]), while the opened pattern provided statistically better cosmetic outcome than the closed frontalis sling. Analysis of surgical material showed that absorbable sutures significantly increased the MRD1 (MD = 1.16; 95% CI [0.60, 1.72]) compared to non-absorbable sutures when used in levator plication; frontalis sling surgeries performed with silicon rods significantly increased the PFH (MD = 0.88; 95% CI [0.29, 1.47]) compared to those performed with Gore-Tex strips, while autogenous fascia lata provided statistically better aesthetic outcome for lid height symmetry and contour. CONCLUSION: Different surgical methods and materials appear to affect different aspects of the congenital ptosis treatment outcome. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

SAR-guided development of indole-matrine hybrids as potential anticancer agents via mitochondrial stress/cytochrome c/caspase 3 signaling pathway.

Matrine is a clinically used adjuvant anticancer drug, yet its mild potency limited its application. To improve the anticancer activity of matrine, a total of 31 indole-matrine hybrids were constructed in four rounds of SAR-guided iterative structural optimization process. All of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against a panel of four human cancer cell lines (Hela, MCF-7, SGC-7901, HepG2) and two normal cell lines (GES-1, LO2). The most active hybrid 8g exhibited the anticancer IC50 values of 0.9 to 1.2 µM, which was 3-magnitude of orders more potent than matrine. 8g also showed better selectivity towards cancer cells with the selectivity index value raised from 1.5 to 6.2. Mechanistic studies demonstrated a mitochondrial distribution for 8g by intracellular click chemistry approaches, which led to the discovery that 8g strongly induced mitochondrial stress, as evidenced by impaired energy metabolism, depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, overload of mitochondrial calcium and escalated ROS production. 8g-induced mitochondrial stress further led to the release of cytochrome c and subsequent activation of caspase 3, which significantly promoted cellular death and inhibited colony formation.

Bioactive constituents from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala.

Twelve undescribed compounds including five sesquiterpenes (1-5), one monoterpene (6), and four lignans (7a/7b and 8a/8b), along with two other types (9 and 10) were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. Among them, two pairs of enantiomers (7a/7b and 8a/8b) were successfully separated by chiral-phase HPLC, while racemate 9 could not be resolved. Their structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. Notably, compounds 1 and 2 are rare sesquiterpene hybrids featuring an eudesmanolactam linked to a resorcinol or methyl 2-methylpentanoat through a CN bond. Compound 3 represents the first example of eudesmanolide sesquiterpene with an oxygen-bridge between C-8 and C-14. Compounds 7a and 7b are a pair of rare enantiomeric benzodioxane norneolignans. Additionally, compound 2 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells. Compound 4 significantly promoted the proliferation of LPS-induced IEC-6 cells with the rate of 117.2%.

Eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala and their bioactivities.

Fifteen undescribed eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes, named atramacronoids D-R, along with fourteen known analogues were isolated from the rhizomes of Atractylodes macrocephala. The structures of atramacronoids D-R were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic data analysis, Snatzke's rule, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Notably, of the undescribed isolates, atramacronoids D and E are the first example of eudesmanolactam-phenol and eudesmanolactam-ethyl hybrids obtained from plants, respectively. A pair of enantiomers, (+)- and (-)-atramacronoids F, were successfully resolved by chiral-phase HPLC. Atramacronoid D exhibited weak cytotoxicity against SGC-7901 cells. Atramacronoid E significantly promoted the proliferation of LPS-induced IEC-6 cells.

Fluorescence-based aptasensors for small molecular food contaminants: From energy transfer to optical polarization.

Small molecular food contaminants, such as mycotoxins, pesticide residues and antibiotics, are highly probable to be passively introduced in food at all stages of its processing, including planting, harvest, production, transportation and storage. Owing to the high risks caused by the unknowing intake and accumulation in human, there is an urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive and efficient methods to monitor them. Fluorescence-based aptasensors provide a promising platform for this area owing to its simple operation, high sensitivity, wide application range and economical practicability. In this paper, the common sorts of small molecular contaminants in foods, namely mycotoxins, pesticides, antibiotics, etc, are briefly introduced. Then, we make a comprehensive review, from fluorescence resonance energy transfer (in turn-on, turn-off, and ratiometric mode, as well as energy upconversion) to fluorescence polarization, of the fluorescence-based aptasensors for the determination of these food contaminants reported in the last five years. The principle of signal generation, the advances of each sort of fluorescent aptasensors, as well as their applications are introduced in detail. Additionally, we also discussed the challenges and perspectives of the fluorescent aptasensors for small molecular food contaminants. This work will offer systematic overview and inspiration for amateurs, researchers and developers of fluorescence-based aptasensors for the detection of small molecules.

Carbon Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Heavy Metal Detection.

Heavy metals are commonly found in a wide range of environmental settings metals, but the potential toxicity associated with heavy metal exposure represents a major threat to global public health. It is thus vital that approaches to efficiently, reliably, and effectively detecting heavy metals in a range of sample types be established. Carbon nanomaterials offer many advantageous properties that make them well-suited to the design of sensitive, selective, easy-to-operate electrochemical biosensors ideal for detecting heavy metal ions. The present review offers an overview of recent progress in the development of carbon nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors used to detect heavy metals. In addition to providing a detailed discussion of certain carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon fibers, carbon quantum dots, carbon nanospheres, mesoporous carbon, and Graphdiyne, we survey the challenges and future directions for this field. Overall, the studies discussed herein suggest that the further development of carbon nanomaterial-modified electrochemical sensors will support the integration of increasingly advanced sensor platforms to aid in detecting heavy metals in foods, environmental samples, and other settings, thereby benefitting human health and society as a whole.

The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Aloe-Emodin-Coumarin Hybrids as Potential Antitumor Agents.

A series of novel aloe-emodin-coumarin hybrids were designed and synthesized. The antitumor activity of these derivatives was evaluated against five human tumor cell lines (A549, SGC-7901, HepG2, MCF-7 and HCT-8). Some of the synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good activity against one or more cell lines. Particularly, compound 5d exhibited more potent antiproliferative activity than the reference drug etoposide against all tested tumor cell lines, indicating that it had a broad spectrum of antitumor activity and that it may provide a promising lead compound for further development as an antitumor agent by structural modification. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationship study of the synthesized compounds was also performed.

Recent Advances in Metal Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical (Bio)Sensors for Pharmaceutical Analysis.

Rising rates of drug abuse and pharmaceutical pollution throughout the world as a consequence of increased drug production and utilization pose a serious risk to public health and to environmental integrity. It is thus critical that reliable analytical approaches to detecting drugs and their metabolites in a range of sample matrices be developed. Recent advances in the design of nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors and biosensors have enabled promising new approaches to pharmaceutical analysis. In particular, the development of a range of novel metal nanocomposites with enhanced catalytic properties has provided a wealth of opportunities for the design of rapid and reliable platforms for the detection of specific pharmaceutical compounds. The present review provides a comprehensive overview of representative metal nanocomposites with synergistic properties and their recent (2017-2022) application in the context of electrochemical sensing as a means of detecting specific antibiotic, tuberculostatic, analgesic, antineoplastic, antipsychotic, and antihypertensive drugs. In discussing these applications, we further explore a variety of testing-related principles, fabrication approaches, characterization techniques, and parameters associated with the sensitivity and selectivity of these sensor platforms before surveying the future outlook regarding the fabrication of next-generation (bio)sensor platforms for use in pharmaceutical analysis.

Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer liver metastasis: A meta-analysis of results from multivariate analysis.

We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM). A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, MedLine, and the Cochrane Library databases for articles published from January 1, 2000 to April 30, 2022 that investigated the long-term prognostic value of NLR in CRLM; only studies with multivariate analyses were enrolled. Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine the effect size. A total of 2,522 patients in 12 studies were selected; the meta-analysis demonstrated that elevated NLR correlated with poor overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR, 1.95, 95%CI, 1.698-2.223, P < 0.01; HR, 1.80, 95%CI, 1.363-2.363, P < 0.01; respectively). The 5-year OS and disease-free survival rates were higher in the patients with normal NLR than in patients with high NLR (47% vs. 27%, P < 0.01; 37% vs. 6%, P < 0.01, respectively). Further analysis of clinicopathological parameters indicated no significant difference between the patients with and without elevated NLR. Begg's and Egger's tests for publication bias revealed no significant publication bias (P = 0.891 and P = 0.926, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that NLR had an excellent prognostic ability in CRLM, which can be used in deciding the treatment and predicting the clinical outcomes. Further multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to verify this conclusion.

Bioactive constituents from Gerbera piloselloides with anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities.

A phytochemical investigation of the 95% ethanol extract from Gerbera piloselloides obtained fourteen compounds, including three undescribed phenone-monoterpenes (1a/1b and 2), seven undescribed chromone-monoterpenes (3a/3b-5a/5b and 6), and one undescribed coumarin-monoterpene (8). Among them, four pairs of enantiomers (1a/1b and 3a/3b-5a/5b) were successfully isolated by the chiral-phase HPLC resolution. The structures and absolute configurations were unambiguously determined based on comprehensive spectroscopic data, electronic circular dichroism (ECD) data, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Structurally, compound 1 is the first 5-methylphenone monoterpene formed through a circular 6-membered carbocycle. And their anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities were evaluated via LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and five human cancer lines (HepG2, MDA-MB-231, SCG-7901, A549 and MCF-7), respectively. Compounds 4b, 5a and 5b showed moderate inhibitory effect against nitric oxide (NO) production with IC50 values ranging from 12.52 to 15.75 µM. Compound 8 significantly inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 human cancer line in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the connection between phenone-monoterpenes, chromone-monoterpenes, and coumarin-monoterpenes in biosynthesis were also discussed.

Silencing Tautomerization to Isolate Unstable Physalins from Physalis minima.

The inherent structural instability of some physalins has hampered the isolation and identification of these compounds for approximately 50 years, and an effective method to overcome these challenges remains unavailable. In the present study, the unprecedented tautomerization mechanism of unstable physalins was elucidated by performing isotopic labeling experiments and DFT calculations, which led to the successful separation of tautomers and isolation of highly pure products for the first time. As a result, 15 new physalins, physaminins A-O (1-15), as well as 17 known analogues (16-32), were isolated from the whole plants of Physalis minima L. The chemical structures of the new compounds were established by performing a comprehensive analysis of spectroscopic data, and their absolute configurations were confirmed by using computational ECD calculations and/or single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. All obtained isolates were evaluated for their antiproliferative effects against four human cancer cell lines (A549, HepG2, MCF-7, and SCG-7901) and two noncancerous cell lines (RAW 264.7 and human normal hepatocytes L02), as well as their anti-inflammatory activities by measuring their abilities to inhibit NO production in LPS-stimulated murine RAW 264.7 cells in vitro. Compounds 1-5, 13, 16, 18, 19, 23, and 30 exerted significant antiproliferative effects on the four human cancer lines, with IC50 values ranging from 0.2(0) to 24.7(2) µM, and these compounds were not toxic to the two noncancerous cell lines at a concentration of 10 µM. Moreover, compounds 7, 10, 11, 12, 14, 17, 22, and 27 significantly inhibited NO production, with IC50 values ranging from 2.9(1) to 9.5(2) µM.

The NOP14 nucleolar protein suppresses the function and stemness of melanoma stem-like cells through Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inactivation.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are closely related to tumor occurrence, development, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence. The role of CSCs in melanoma is poorly understood. Our previous studies suggested that the NOP14 nucleolar protein (NOP14) is involved in melanoma pathogenesis regulation. Importantly, NOP14 overexpression inhibits the Wnt/beta (ß)-catenin signaling pathway, an important mechanism regulating CSCs stemness. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to explore the role of NOP14 in the stemness and function of CSCs in melanoma in vitro. CD133, a stem cell marker, was used to identify melanoma stem-like cells (SLCs). NOP14 overexpression subsequently decreased the proportion of CD133+ SLCs, impaired the colony-forming capabilities, and downregulated the expression of Nanog, SOX2, and OCT4 stem cell markers in A375 and A875 cells, suggesting that NOP14 suppresses the stemness of melanoma SLCs. NOP14 overexpression suppressed the migration, invasion, and angiogenesis-inducing ability of A375-SLCs and A875-SLCs. NOP14 overexpression also inactivated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in melanoma CD133+ SLCs. The Wnt signaling activator BML-284 alleviated the effect of NOP14 overexpression on the stemness and function of melanoma CSCs. In conclusion, NOP14 suppresses the stemness and function of melanoma SLCs by inactivating Wnt/ß-catenin signaling. Thus, NOP14 is a novel target for CSC treatment in melanoma.Abbreviations: CSCs, cancer stem cells; SLCs, stem-like cells; NOP14, NOP14 nucleolar protein; SCID, severe combined immunodeficiency; ß-catenin, beta-catenin; lv-NOP14, lentivirals expressing NOP14; PBS, phosphate buffer saline; HUVECs, human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

A facile "turn-on" fluorescent aptasensor for simultaneous detection of dual mycotoxins in traditional Chinese medicine based on graphene oxide and FRET.

Mycotoxin is a common sort of harmful contaminant in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is in a great demand of controlling. On this account, a facile "turn-on" fluorescent aptasensor based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) for simultaneous detection of patulin (PAT) and zearalenone (ZEN) was developed. In this study, the aptamers of PAT and ZEN were labeled by FAM and Cy3, respectively, serving as fluorescence probes. Both aptamers could adsorb on the surface of graphene oxide (GO) via π-π stacking, which will consequently result in the occurrence of FRET between the fluorophores and GO. In the absence of the targets, the fluorescence would be quenched "off". In the presence of any of the dual mycotoxins, the corresponding aptamers would interact with the targets and release from GO due to the conformational variation, leading to a fluorescence "turn-on" effect. The limit of detection of this difunctional aptasensor was 2.29 nM for PAT and 0.037 nM for ZEN, respectively. This aptasensing platform exhibited satisfactory selectivity against interferents and reliability in real TCM sample detection. To our knowledge, it is the first aptasensor based on GO and FRET that realizes simultaneous detection of dual mycotoxin in TCM. Moreover, the measurement takes merely ∼60 min, does not need complicated pretreatment, and uses only inexpensive aptamer and GO as consuming materials. To sum up, this aptasensor exhibits great potential in fast, cost-effective and reliable simultaneous detection of multiple targets, and is expected to contribute to the quality and safety control of TCM.